Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of bis(4,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)dimethylsilane and (4,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)(methyl)diphenylsilane

The title compounds, C10H16O2Si (1) and C17H18OSi (2), are classified as dihydrofurylsilanes, which show great potential as building blocks for various functionalized silanes. They both crystallize in the space group P\overline{1} in the triclinic crystal system. Analyses of the Hirshfeld surfaces show packing-determining interactions for both compounds, resulting in a polymeric chain along the [011] for silane 1 and a layered-interconnected structure along the b-axis direction for silane 2.

The epistemological essence of the production process as a design object

Aim of the work. The main aim of the analysis is to search for approaches to building an exhaustive epistemological model of the production process as a set of connections to be disclosed and implemented in the automated production, which is a complex anthropotechnical cyberphysical system. Research methods. Digitalization of production inherently involves the solution of three major tasks: digitalizing communications, forming digital models of various objects, developing digital “tools” for decision support. Solving these tasks requires understanding of the deep essence and laws of such a complex system as a production process. This allows looking at the production process as a single interconnected structure (system) of its elements, where ignoring them often leads to a significant decrease in the quality of the design and technological decisions taken and, as a consequence, unjustified costs of various types of resources or non-fulfilment of the set requirements for the manufactured products (item). The interdependence of the objects of the production process allows speaking about the production process connections. Research results and novelty. To ensure the quality of the design and technological decisions taken during the production process digitalization, the former is represented as a system of links that have an “elementary” level of generalization in form and the maximum level of generalization in content. This allows representing the production process as a meaningful set of transition functions to be implemented. Findings. For the purposes of analyzing and building digital production, as a most complex anthropotechnical cyber-physical system, it is advisable to represent the production process in the form of a system of connections, while it should be considered that: 1. The manufactured product in the general case is a combination of three types of relations: dimensional, substantial and economic. 2. To ensure the item connections, a production process must be implemented, which in the general case represents a system of five types of connections: dimensional, informational, temporary, substantial and economic ones. 3. The interdependence of the links between the item and the production process is revealed through the transition functions, which are heterogeneous and indefinite. In addition, when creating a production process and automating it, designers have to face two major challenges: the choice of relations and their organization. Both are fraught with great engineering difficulties. 4. Representing the production process and the finished product in the category of connections is an important epistemological aspect of modelling and understanding the process itself, which allows highlighting and concentrating efforts on its important and essential aspects. At the early stages of design all this already helps to reduce possible errors arising from an incomplete and / or inappropriate representation of the nature and features of this process and, as a consequence, is a certain guarantee of achieving the gradual goal while reducing the necessary costs.

Investigation of the Electrochemical Properties of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 as Binder-Based and Binder-Free Electrodes of Supercapacitors

In this work, Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 is synthesized as binder-based (NZF) and binder-free electrodes (NZF@NF). The binder-free electrode is directly synthesized on nickel foam via facile hydrothermal techniques. The crystalline phase of both of these electrodes is examined through X-ray diffraction. Their morphology is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed the well-defined nanostructure with the shape like thin hexagonal platelets. The chemical composition is verified by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Their electrochemical properties are analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The NZF@NF electrode has outperformed the binder-based NZF electrode in terms of electrochemical performance owing to the 3D interconnected structure of the nickel foam. The NZF@NF electrode has delivered a high specific capacity of 504 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1, while its counterpart has delivered a specific capacity of 151 F g−1 at the same current density.

A Novel Interconnection Network with Improved Network Cost Through Shuffle-Exchange Permutation Graph

The interconnection network represents an interconnected structure of processors that strongly determines the performance quality of a parallel processing system. The shuffle-exchange permutation (SEP) network with three degrees has high fault tolerance and can be efficiently simulated through star, bubble-sort, and pancake graphs. This study proposes a new interconnection network: the new SEP (NSEP), which improves the diameter and reduces network cost by adding one edge to the SEP network, and presents its graph properties and routing algorithms. The NSEP network, with a degree of connectivity of four, demonstrated maximum fault tolerance and Hamiltonian cycle. Furthermore, the diameter was seen to be improved by 40% or more and the network cost by 20% or more.

Preparation of porous fluorinated polyimide separator for lithium-ion batteries by non-solvent induced phase separation process

A series of novel porous fluorinated polyimide (FPI) separators containing trifluoromethyl group (–CF3) were prepared by the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) strategy. The prepared FPI separator with 60% molar content (fluorinated dianhydride: non-fluorinated dianhydride: diamine = 60: 40: 100) of fluorinated groups (FPI-60%) could stably exist in the electrolyte as a LIBs separator. The resultant FPI-60% separator possesses high thermal stability with the Tg of 289.4°C and exhibits no shrinkage even at 200°C. The morphologies of the FPI-60% separators were adjusted by introducing small molecular non-solvent additives-ethanol, and the FPI-60% separators present the spongy-like and interconnected structure with different porosity as the amount of ethanol changed from 1 wt% to 10 wt%. The FPI-60% separators display excellent electrolyte uptake with 170%–200% and the ionic conductive could reach 1.17 mS/cm which is four times approximately than that of the PP separator. The lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using FPI-60% separators with 10 wt% ethanol added show better rate capacities (102.8 mAh/g, 70.8 mAh/g of PI-10 and PP separator at 2 C, respectively) and the capacity retention rate is 93.2% after 50 cycles. The results prove that the porous FPI separator is a promising candidate for high-performance LIBs.

Structural and magnetic properties of gadolinium modified BiFeO3

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of the Bi0:94Gd0:06FeO3 sample obtained by solid state reaction method. The structural and morphological analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Rietveld refinement analysis, confirming the obtaining of a rhombohedral crystalline phase and R3c space group (a = b = 5.577 Å and c = 13.847 Å), with an interconnected structure. Studies by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed trivalent oxidation states of Bi, Fe and Gd ions. The synthesized sample exhibited a non-linear M–H loop indicating a weak ferromagnetic behavior with a remnant magnetization of 6.34 emu˙mol−1 and a coercive field of 295 Oe. The obtained structural and magnetic characteristics make these materials of great interest as multiferroic components.

Numerical simulation of explosive properties of ethylene-air in flameproof enclosure with interconnected structure under pressure piling

In order to investigate explosive properties of ethylene-air premixed gas in flameproof enclosure with interconnected structure under pressure piling, a 161.5 mm × 161.5 mm × 250 mm cylindrical flameproof enclosure and a 161.5 mm × 161.5 mm × 500 mm cylindrical flameproof enclosure connected by a partition with a hole (inner diameter of 15 mm) were studied. A mathematical model of the fluid dynamics combustion reaction was selected to perform numerical simulations of this structure using the finite volume method. Numerical simulations revealed that under pressure piling, the maximum explosion pressure in Cavity B was significantly higher than that in Cavity A; the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise in Cavity B was significantly higher than that in Cavity A; combustion rate of combustible gas in Cavity B was much higher than that in Cavity A. Results of the study have practical and theoretical significance for the design and installation of flameproof enclosures.

Thermal conductivity and thermoelectric properties in 3D macroscopic pure carbon nanotube materials

Sintered carbon nanotube (CNT) blocks and porous CNT sponges were prepared, and their thermoelectric properties were measured. The maximum dimensionless thermoelectric figure-of-merit, ZT, at room temperature of the sintered single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) block is 9.34 × 10−5, which is twice higher than that of the sintered multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) block in this work and also higher than that of other sintered MWCNT blocks reported previously. In addition, the porous MWCNT sponge showed an ultra-low thermal conductivity of 0.021 W/(m K) and significantly enhanced ZT value of 5.72 × 10−4 at room temperature and 1 atm. This ZT value is higher than that of other 3D macroscopic pure CNT materials reported. The pronounced enhancement of the ZT in the porous MWCNT sponge is attributed to the ultra-low density, ultra-high porosity, and interconnected structure of the material, which lead to a fairly low thermal conductivity and better Seebeck coefficient. The finding of this work provides an understanding for exploring potential enhancement mechanisms and improving the thermoelectric properties of CNT-based thermoelectric composites.