Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic variation of hunter-gatherer groups in Thailand

ABSTRACTThe Maniq and Mlabri are the only recorded nomadic hunter-gatherer groups in Thailand. Here, we sequenced complete mitochondrial (mt) DNA genomes and ~2.364 Mbp of non- recombining Y chromosome (NRY) to learn more about the origins of these two enigmatic populations. Both groups exhibited low genetic diversity compared to other Thai populations, and contrasting patterns of mtDNA and NRY diversity: there was greater mtDNA diversity in the Maniq than in the Mlabri, while the converse was true for the NRY. We found basal uniparental lineages in the Maniq, namely mtDNA haplogroups M21a, R21 and M17a, and NRY haplogroup K. Overall, the Maniq are genetically similar to other negrito groups in Southeast Asia. By contrast, the Mlabri haplogroups (B5a1b1 for mtDNA and O1b1a1a1b and O1b1a1a1b1a1 for the NRY) are common lineages in Southeast Asian non-negrito groups, and overall the Mlabri are genetically similar to their linguistic relatives (Htin and Khmu) and other groups from northeastern Thailand. In agreement with previous studies of the Mlabri, our results indicate that the Malbri do not directly descend from the indigenous negritos. Instead, they likely have a recent origin (within the past 1,000 years) by an extreme founder event (involving just one maternal and two paternal lineages) from an agricultural group, most likely the Htin or a closely- related group.

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New data on the genetic diversity of European bison Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Belarus

Theriologia Ukrainica ◽

10.15407/tu1905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (19) ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

Kanstantsin V. Homel ◽

◽

K. Śliwińska ◽

Arseni A. Valnisty ◽

Mikhail E. Nikiforov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

National Park ◽

Bison Bison ◽

Fixation Index ◽

European Bison ◽

Bison Bonasus ◽

Genetic Structuring ◽

The Past ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Expected Heterozygosity

The paper presents data on the assessment of the genetic diversity of five subpopulations of the European bison (Bison bonasus) in Belarus — from the National Park “Belovezhskaya Pushcha”, the National Park “Pripyatsky”, the Osipovichi district (Mogilev area), SEI “Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve” and the Grodno region. In general, the work includes 30 samples of muscle tissue from the collection of Gene bank of wild fauna in SSPA “SPC NAS of Belarus on Bioresources” (Minsk, Belarus). Microsatellites were used as markers to assess genetic diversity, structure, and search for signs of a sharp decline in the size of bison subpopulations in the past. A total of 11 microsatellite markers were used, recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for cattle research. The analysis of B. bonasus subpopulation from the NP “Pripyatsky” showed signs of passing through the genetic bottleneck. All studied subpopulations are characterized by a similarly low genetic diversity level in all analyzed indicators (mean number of alleles, allelic diversity, observed and expected heterozygosity). The expected heterozygosity (He) for the three subpopulations from the NP “Belovezhskaya Pushcha”, the NP “Pripyatsky” and from the Osipovichi district ranged from 0.37 to 0.39. For the studied subpopulations, the values of the fixation index were negative. The assessment of the presence of genetic structuring between the subpopulations of bison from the NP “Belovezhskaya Pushcha”, the NP “Pripyatsky” and from the Osipovichi district based on the values of such indexes as Fst and DJost which showed no signs of genetic differentiation, which is also confirmed by principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). The European bison conservation in Belarus has required tremendous efforts in the past. So far, even though the impressively large population size reached in Belarus, B. bonasus status still should not be considered as stable, which is closely linked to aspects of its overall low genetic diversity. Our research confirmed the low genetic variability of Belarusian subpopulations. Therefore, the more extensive research concentrated on identifying genetic diversity is necessary to ensure the beneficial control of gene flow and register a potential correlation of unfavorable gene variants with possible inbreeding depression. These attempts are required to lay the groundwork for the management and protection of the European bison in Belarus.

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AFLP Fingerprinting Analysis of Citrus Cultivars and Wild Accessions from Oman Suggests the Presence of Six Distinct Cultivars

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.2478/agri-2018-0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 173-182

Author(s):

Hamed Al-Nadabi ◽

Mumtaz Khan ◽

Rashid Abdullah Al-Yahyai ◽

Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Aflp Analysis ◽

Aflp Fingerprinting ◽

The Past ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

The World ◽

Wild Accessions ◽

High Level

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate genetic relatedness of 27 citrus cultivars and 6 wild citrus accessions using AFLP fingerprinting. The 27 citrus cultivars belonged to Citrus sinensis, C. aurantifolia, C. aurantium, C. paradise, C. reticulata, C. limon, C. latifolia, C. maxima, C. limettoides, C. limetta, C. medica and C. Jambhiri. The wild cultivars were obtained from Oman while the other cultivars originated from Oman and other countries. AFLP analysis using 4 primer pair combinations resolved 910 polymorphic alleles. All citrus cultivars and accessions had low genetic diversity (H = 0.0281 to 0.1300), with the percent polymorphic loci ranging from 8 to 35%. Populations of the six wild citrus accessions showed a very low level of genetic diversity (< 0.0700). Cluster analysis of the 33 cultivars and accessions showed that they share a high level of genetic similarity (81‒99%; mean = 92%). The six wild accessions clustered into two main clusters, with the analysis indicating that the six wild accessions may make up six distinct cultivars. The study provides information on the phylogeny of citrus cultivars and citrus diversity in Oman, a country through which citrus moved in the past from Asia to different African and European countries. In addition, it shows that some distinct citrus cultivars are present in this part of the world.

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Low genetic diversity in Wolbachia-Infected Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Brazil and Argentina

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652012000600007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 325-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sirlei Antunes Morais ◽

Fábio de Almeida ◽

Lincoln Suesdek ◽

Mauro Toledo Marrelli

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Nuclear Markers ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Filarial Nematodes ◽

Wolbachia Endosymbiont ◽

Mtdna Diversity

Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of human pathogens, including filarial nematodes and several viruses. Although its epidemiological relevance is known to vary across geographical regions, an understanding of its population genetic structure is still incipient. In light of this, we evaluated the genetic diversity of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens x Cx. quinquefasciatus hybrids collected from nine localities in Brazil and one site in Argentina. We used mitochondrial genes cox1 and nd4, along with the coxA and wsp genes of the maternally-inherited Wolbachia endosymbiont. The nd4 fragment was invariant between samples, whilst cox1 exhibited four haplotypes that separated two types of Cx. quinquefasciatus, one clustered in southern Brazil. Low sequence diversity was generally observed, being discussed. Both Brazilian and Argentinian mosquitoes were infected with a single Wolbachia strain. As reported in previous studies with these populations, cox1 and nd4 diversity is not congruent with the population structure revealed by nuclear markers or alar morphology. Future Cx. quinquefasciatus research should, if possible, evaluate mtDNA diversity in light of other markers.

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Genetic Diversity of Stratiotes aloides L. (Hydrocharitaceae) Stands across Europe

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 863

Author(s):

Barbara Turner ◽

Steffen Hameister ◽

Andreas Hudler ◽

Karl-Georg Bernhardt

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Land Use ◽

River System ◽

The Past ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Stratiotes Aloides ◽

Major River ◽

Different Populations ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Wetland Habitats

Intense land use and river regulations have led to the destruction of wetland habitats in the past 150 years. One plant that is affected by the reduction in appropriate habitats is the macrophyte Stratiotes aloides which has become rare in several areas. The preservation of genetic diversity within a species is a prerequisite for survival under changing environmental conditions. To evaluate the level of genetic diversity within and among populations of Stratiotes aloides, we investigated samples from waterbodies across Europe using AFLP. Low genetic diversity among samples from the same population was found, proving that stands consist of few clones which propagate clonally. Nevertheless, most populations showed differences compared to other populations indicating that there is genetic diversity within the species. The analyzed samples formed two groups in STRUCTURE analyses. The two groups can be further subdivided and mainly follow the major river systems. For conserving the genetic diversity of Stratiotes aloides, it would thus be preferable to focus on conserving individuals from many different populations rather than conserving selected populations with a higher number of individuals per population. For reintroductions, samples from the same river system could serve as founder individuals.

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Genetic variation in lowland and mountain populations of Tofieldia calyculata and their ability to survive within low levels of genetic diversity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-341613/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomáš Vlasta ◽

Zuzana Műnzbergová

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

The Past ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽

Population Sizes ◽

Range Periphery ◽

Low Levels ◽

European Mountains

Abstract Loss of genetic diversity is expected to be a common reason for decline of populations of many rare species. To what extent this is true for populations at the range periphery remains to be explored. Alpine species with peripheral lowland populations are ideal but poorly known model system to address this issue. We investigated genetic diversity and structure of populations of Tofieldia calyculata, species common in central European mountains but highly endangered in lowlands using 17 microsatellite loci. We showed that lowland populations have lower genetic diversity than mountain populations and they are not clearly differentiated from mountain populations. Species probably survived the last glaciation in refugia in margins of Alps and western Carpathians. Some lowland populations are probably relict as well and contain unique genetic information. Their low genetic diversity is likely the result the of reduction of population sizes, gene flow during the Holocene and selfing. However postglacial colonization is also a case of some lowland populations. Based on data from herbarium specimens from extinct lowland populations, we demonstrated that lowland populations had low genetic diversity also in the past and main part of the genetic diversity was lost due to extinction of whole populations. Within population genetic diversity has not changed since the last century suggesting that these populations are able to survive with low levels of genetic diversity under suitable habitat conditions. This idea is also supported by finding of large viable recent populations with very low genetic diversity. We conclude that lowland populations are unique and deserve adequate conservation.

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Low genetic diversity in Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Clariidae) populations in the Philippines and its implications for conservation and management

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.2261.8.6.8849-8859 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 8849 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marc Timothy C. Tan ◽

Joycelyn C. Jumawan ◽

Jonas P. Quilang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Nucleotide Diversity ◽

The Philippines ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Important Species ◽

The Past ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Clarias Macrocephalus ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Conservation And Management

Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864 is a Near Threatened freshwater catfish found in the Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries. Its numbers have dwindled over the past few years because of habitat loss and competition. This study examined the genetic diversity of the remaining viable populations of C. macrocephalus in the Philippines. Primers were designed to amplify via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (870-bp) in 120 specimens collected from three sites: (1) Buguey, Cagayan; (2) Camalaniugan, Cagayan; and (3) Agusan del Sur. Of the 120 sequences generated, only three haplotypes and two polymorphic sites were found. Overall haplotype and nucleotide diversity (h=0.479, π=0.00058) were alarmingly low, consistent with populations of other freshwater fishes that have experienced a genetic bottleneck. The overall FST value was 0.80050, indicative of large genetic differentiation between populations. The very low genetic variation found in all three C. macrocephalus populations calls for conservation and management efforts for the protection of the remaining populations of this economically important species.

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KERAGAMAN GENETIK INDUK UDANG WINDU DI PERAIRAN SELATAN PANGANDARAN DAN BINUANGEUN, JAWABARAT

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v5i3.1896 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ratu Siti Aliah

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Genetic ◽

Gene Locus ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

12S Rrna ◽

Brood Stock ◽

Population Genetic Diversity ◽

Result Show ◽

Mtdna Diversity

An evaluation of the Black Tiger Brood Stock (Penaeus monodon) genetic diversity of Pangandaran and Binuangeun was conducted by using the mtDNA diversity of two gene locus of CO I and 12S rRNA to understand their population genetic diversity. The result show that the brood stock of Pangandaran has 17 haplotipe, while from Binuangeun has 13 haplotipe. The result indicated that the genetic diversity of the Balck Tiger brood stock of Pangandaran was higher than thatBinuangeun.Key words : Genetic diversity, Black Tiger brood stock, Pangandaran, Binuangeun

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