scholarly journals Cortical network mechanisms of response inhibition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schaum ◽  
Edoardo Pinzuti ◽  
Alexandra Sebastian ◽  
Klaus Lieb ◽  
Pascal Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Attentional Function ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
The Right

SummaryBoth the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) are crucial for successful response inhibition. However, the particular functional roles of those two regions have been controversially debated for more than a decade now. It is unclear whether the rIFG directly initiates stopping or serves an attentional function, whereas the stopping is triggered by the pre-SMA. The current multimodal MEG/fMRI study sought to clarify the role and temporal activation order of both regions in response inhibition using a selective stopping task. This task dissociates inhibitory from attentional processes. Our results reliably reveal a temporal precedence of rIFG over pre-SMA. Moreover, connectivity during response inhibition is directed from rIFG to pre-SMA and predicts stopping performance. Response inhibition is implemented via beta-band oscillations. Our findings support the hypothesis that response inhibition is initiated by the rIFG as a form of attention-independent top-down control.

scholarly journals Right inferior frontal gyrus implements motor inhibitory control via beta-band oscillations in humans

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schaum ◽  
Edoardo Pinzuti ◽  
Alexandra Sebastian ◽  
Klaus Lieb ◽  
Pascal Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Band Power ◽  
The Right ◽  
Band Activity

Motor inhibitory control implemented as response inhibition is an essential cognitive function required to dynamically adapt to rapidly changing environments. Despite over a decade of research on the neural mechanisms of response inhibition, it remains unclear, how exactly response inhibition is initiated and implemented. Using a multimodal MEG/fMRI approach in 59 subjects, our results reliably reveal that response inhibition is initiated by the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) as a form of attention-independent top-down control that involves the modulation of beta-band activity. Furthermore, stopping performance was predicted by beta-band power, and beta-band connectivity was directed from rIFG to pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), indicating rIFG’s dominance over pre-SMA. Thus, these results strongly support the hypothesis that rIFG initiates stopping, implemented by beta-band oscillations with potential to open up new ways of spatially localized oscillation-based interventions.

Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome caused by a disconnection between the right pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus and the supplementary motor area

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Martino ◽  
Enrique Marco de Lucas ◽  
Francisco Javier Ibáñez-Plágaro ◽  
José Manuel Valle-Folgueral ◽  
Alfonso Vázquez-Barquero
Keyword(s):  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Orofacial Movement ◽  
Pars Opercularis ◽  
The Right

Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome (FCMS) is a rare type of suprabulbar palsy characterized by an automaticvoluntary dissociation of the orofacial musculature. Here, the authors report an original case of FCMS that occurred intraoperatively while resecting the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus. This 25-year-old right-handed man with an incidentally diagnosed right frontotemporoinsular tumor underwent surgery using an asleep-awake-asleep technique with direct cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation and a transopercular approach to the insula. While resecting the anterior part of the pars opercularis the patient suffered sudden anarthria and bilateral facial weakness. He was unable to speak or show his teeth on command, but he was able to voluntarily move his upper and lower limbs. This syndrome lasted for 8 days. Postoperative diffusion tensor imaging tractography revealed that connections of the pars opercularis of the right inferior frontal gyrus with the frontal aslant tract (FAT) and arcuate fasciculus (AF) were damaged. This case supplies evidence for localizing the structural substrate of FCMS. It was possible, for the first time in the literature, to accurately correlate the occurrence of FCMS to the resection of connections between the FAT and AF, and the right pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus. The FAT has been recently described, but it may be an important connection to mediate supplementary motor area control of orofacial movement. The present case also contributes to our knowledge of complication avoidance in operculoinsular surgery. A transopercular approach to insuloopercular gliomas can generate FCMS, especially in cases of previous contralateral lesions. The prognosis is favorable, but the patient should be informed of this particular hazard, and the surgeon should anticipate the surgical strategy in case the syndrome occurs intraoperatively in an awake patient.

scholarly journals Associations Between Smoking Abstinence, Inhibitory Control, and Smoking Behavior: An fMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Bell ◽  
Brett Froeliger
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

Nicotine addiction is associated with dysregulated inhibitory control (IC), mediated by corticothalamic circuitry including the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Among sated smokers, worse IC task performance and greater IC-related rIFG activity have been shown to be associated with greater relapse vulnerability. The present study investigated the effects of smoking abstinence on associations between IC task performance, rIFG activation, and smoking behavior. Smokers (N = 26, 15 female) completed an IC task (Go/Go/No-go) during fMRI scanning followed by a laboratory-based smoking relapse analog task (SRT) on two visits: once when sated and once following 24 h of smoking abstinence. During the SRT, smokers were provided with monetary rewards for incrementally delaying smoking. A significant main effect of No-go accuracy on latency to smoke during the SRT was observed when collapsing across smoking states (abstinent vs. sated). Similarly, a significant main effect of IC-related activation in rIFG on SRT performance was observed across states. The main effect of state, however, was non-significant in both of these models. Furthermore, the interaction between smoking state and No-go accuracy on SRT performance was non-significant, indicating a similar relationship between IC and lapse vulnerability under both sated and abstinent conditions. The state X rIFG activation interaction on SRT performance was likewise non-significant. Post-hoc whole brain analyses indicated that abstinence resulted in greater IC-related activity in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and insula. Activation during IC in these regions was significantly associated with decreased No-go accuracy. Moreover, greater abstinence induced activity in right MFG during IC was associated with smoking sooner on the SRT. These findings are bolstered by the extant literature on the effects of nicotine on executive function and also contribute novel insights on how individual differences in behavioral and neuroimaging measures of IC may influence relapse propensity independent of smoking state.

Activation of Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus during Response Inhibition across Response Modalities

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Chikazoe ◽  
Seiki Konishi ◽  
Tomoki Asari ◽  
Koji Jimura ◽  
Yasushi Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Preparatory Set ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Modality Difference

The go/no-go task, which effectively taps the ability to inhibit prepotent response tendency, has consistently activated the lateral prefrontal cortex, particularly the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). On the other hand, rIFG activation has rarely been reported in the antisaccade task, seemingly an oculomotor version of the manual go/no-go task. One possible explanation for the variable IFG activation is the modality difference of the two tasks: The go/no-go task is performed manually, whereas the antisaccade task is performed in the oculomotor modality. Another explanation is that these two tasks have different task structures that require different cognitive processes: The traditional antisaccade task requires (i) configuration of a preparatory set prior to antisaccade execution and (ii) response inhibition at the time of antisaccade execution, whereas the go/no-go task requires heightened response inhibition under a minimal preparatory set. To test these possibilities, the traditional antisaccade task was modified in the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study such that it required heightened response inhibition at the time of antisaccade execution under a minimal preparatory set. Prominent activation related to response inhibition was observed in multiple frontoparietal regions, including the rIFG. Moreover, meta-analyses revealed that the rIFG activation in the present study was observed in the go/no-go tasks but not in the traditional antisaccade task, indicating that the rIFG activation was sensitive to the task structure difference, but not to the response modality difference. These results suggest that the rIFG is part of a network active during response inhibition across different response modalities.

scholarly journals Healthy women with severe early life trauma show altered neural facilitation of emotion inhibition under acute stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2075-2084
Author(s):  
Sabrina Golde ◽  
Katja Wingenfeld ◽  
Antje Riepenhausen ◽  
Nina Schröter ◽  
Juliane Fleischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
History Of Or ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundAcross psychopathologies, trauma-exposed individuals suffer from difficulties in inhibiting emotions and regulating attention. In trauma-exposed individuals without psychopathology, only subtle alterations of neural activity involved in regulating emotions have been reported. It remains unclear how these neural systems react to demanding environments, when acute (non-traumatic but ordinary) stress serves to perturbate the system. Moreover, associations with subthreshold clinical symptoms are poorly understood.MethodsThe present fMRI study investigated response inhibition of emotional faces before and after psychosocial stress situations. Specifically, it compared 25 women (mean age 31.5 ± 9.7 years) who had suffered severe early life trauma but who did not have a history of or current psychiatric disorder, with 25 age- and education-matched trauma-naïve women.ResultsUnder stress, response inhibition related to fearful faces was reduced in both groups. Compared to controls, trauma-exposed women showed decreased left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) activation under stress when inhibiting responses to fearful faces, while activation of the right anterior insula was slightly increased. Also, groups differed in brain–behaviour correlations. Whereas stress-induced false alarm rates on fearful stimuli negatively correlated with stress-induced IFG signal in controls, in trauma-exposed participants, they positively correlated with stress-induced insula activation.ConclusionNeural facilitation of emotion inhibition during stress appears to be altered in trauma-exposed women, even without a history of or current psychopathology. Decreased activation of the IFG in concert with heightened bottom-up salience of fear related cues may increase vulnerability to stress-related diseases.

Brain Activity During Predictable and Unpredictable Weight Changes When Lifting Objects

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1498-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Schmitz ◽  
Per Jenmalm ◽  
H. Henrik Ehrsson ◽  
Hans Forssberg
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Sensorimotor Memory ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fingertip Forces

When humans repetitively lift the same object, the fingertip forces are targeted to the weight of the object. The anticipatory programming of the forces depends on sensorimotor memory representations that provide information on the object weight. In the present study, we investigate the neural substrates of these sensorimotor memory systems by recording the neural activity during predictable or unpredictable changes in the weight of an object in a lifting task. An unpredictable change in weight leads to erroneous programming of the fingertip forces. This triggers corrective mechanisms and an update of the sensorimotor memories. In the present fMRI study, healthy right-handed subjects repetitively lifted an object between right index finger and thumb. In the constant condition, which served as a control, the weight of the object remained constant (either 230 or 830 g). The weight alternated between 230 and 830 g during the regular condition and was irregularly changed between the two weights during the irregular condition. When we contrasted regular minus constant and irregular minus constant, we found activations in the right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis (area 44), the left parietal operculum and the right supramarginal gyrus. Furthermore, irregular was associated with stronger activation in the right inferior frontal cortex as compared with regular. Taken together, these results suggest that the updating of sensorimotor memory representations and the corrective reactions that occur when we manipulate different objects correspond to changes in synaptic activity in these fronto-parietal circuits.

Dynamic Coding of Events within the Inferior Frontal Gyrus in a Probabilistic Selective Attention Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vossel ◽  
Ralph Weidner ◽  
Gereon R. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Preceding Trial ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Sequence Effects ◽  
Parametric Effects ◽  
The Right

Besides the fact that RTs in cognitive tasks are affected by the specific demands of a trial, the context in which this trial occurs codetermines the speed of the response. For instance, invalid spatial cues generally prolong RTs to targets in the location-cueing paradigm, whereas the magnitude of these RT costs additionally varies as a function of the preceding trial types so that RTs for invalid trials may be increased when preceded by valid rather than invalid trials. In the present fMRI study, we investigated trial sequence effects in a combined oddball and location-cueing paradigm. In particular, we tested whether RTs and neural activity to infrequent invalid or deviant targets varied as a function of the number of preceding valid standard trials. As expected, RTs in invalid and deviant trials were significantly slower when more valid standard trials had been presented beforehand. This behavioral effect was reflected in the neural activity of the right inferior/middle frontal gyrus where the amplitude of the hemodynamic response in invalid and deviant trials was positively related to the number of preceding valid standard trials. In contrast, decreased activity (i.e., a negative parametric modulation effect) was observed when more valid standard trials were successively presented. Further positive parametric effects for the number of preceding valid standard trials were observed in the left caudate nucleus and lingual gyrus. The data suggest that inferior frontal cortex extracts both event regularities and irregularities in event streams.

scholarly journals The motor inhibitory network in patients with asymmetrical Parkinson’s disease: An fMRI study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis R. Loayza ◽  
Ignacio Obeso ◽  
Rafael González Redondo ◽  
Federico Villagra ◽  
Elkin Luis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Inhibitory Network ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Right

AbstractRecent imaging studies with the stop-signal task in healthy individuals indicate that the subthalamic nucleus, the pre-supplementary motor area and the inferior frontal gyrus are key components of the right hemisphere “inhibitory network”. Limited information is available regarding neural substrates of inhibitory processing in patients with asymmetric Parkinson’s disease. The aim of the current fMRI study was to identify the neural changes underlying deficient inhibitory processing on the stop-signal task in patients with predominantly left-sided Parkinson’s disease. Fourteen patients and 23 healthy controls performed a stop-signal task with the left and right hands. Behaviorally, patients showed delayed response inhibition with either hand compared to controls. We found small imaging differences for the right hand, however for the more affected left hand when behavior was successfully inhibited we found reduced activation of the inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally and the insula. Using the stop-signal delay as regressor, contralateral underactivation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal and anterior putamen were found in patients. This finding indicates dysfunction of the right inhibitory network in left-sided Parkinson’s disease. Functional connectivity analysis of the left subthalamic nucleus showed a significant increase of connectivity with bilateral insula. In contrast, the right subthalamic nucleus showed increased connectivity with visuomotor and sensorimotor regions of the cerebellum. We conclude that altered inhibitory control in left-sided Parkinson’s disease is associated with reduced activation in regions dedicated to inhibition in healthy controls, which requires engagement of additional regions, not observed in controls, to successfully stop ongoing actions.

scholarly journals Distraction attenuates goal-directed neural responses for food rewards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Duif ◽  
Joost Wegman ◽  
Kees de Graaf ◽  
Paul A.M. Smeets ◽  
Esther Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Attentional Load ◽  
The Right ◽  
Established Role ◽  
Outcome Devaluation

AbstractDistracted eating can lead to increased food intake, but it is unclear how. We hypothesized that distraction affects the change in motivated responses for food reward after satiation. To investigate this, 38 healthy normal-weight participants (28F, 10M) performed a detection task varying in attentional load (high or low distraction) during fMRI. Simultaneously, they exerted effort for food rewards (sweet or savory) by repeated button presses. Two fMRI runs were separated by outcome devaluation (satiation) of one of the reward outcomes, to assess outcome-sensitive, i.e. goal-directed, responses. Behavioral results showed no effect of distraction on effort for food reward following outcome devaluation. At an uncorrected threshold (p<0.001), distraction decreased goal-directed responses (devalued versus valued) in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Importantly, these distraction-sensitive rIFG responses correlated negatively (r = - 0.40, p = 0.014) with the effect of distraction on the number of button presses. Specifically, decreased rIFG responses due to distraction related to increased button presses for food reward after satiation, in line with the rIFG’s established role in response inhibition. Furthermore, distraction decreased functional connectivity between the rIFG (seed) and left putamen for valued versus devalued food rewards (pFWE(cluster)<0.05). Our results suggest that distraction attenuates the ability to inhibit responses for food reward after satiation by affecting the rIFG. Furthermore, distraction attenuated connectivity between two regions involved in response inhibition – rIFG and putamen – after outcome devaluation. These results may explain why distraction can lead to overeating in our current, distracting, environment. The study was preregistered at: https://osf.io/ad2qk.

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