Shut it down: a cross country panel analysis on the efficacy of lockdown measures

AbstractCoronavirus pandemic outbreak from China in the December 2019 and since then has quickly spread all over the world. National governments introduced policies aimed to reduce the probability to contract the virus, such as lockdown measures, in order to limit the outbreak. Lockdown fostered a debate about the effective need and the optimal duration of such measures. Indeed, these policies have a high price, being characterized by the alt of many productive activities. The aim of this note is to provide preliminary evidences about the efficacy of lockdown measures all over the world, by the means of a panel data quantitative analysis. Our results confirm the efficacy of such measures, and that the average time to have effects in terms of a reduction of cases is of about ten days. Furthermore the beneficial effects of a lockdown keep reducing the new cases with a linear trend for at least the ten successive days.

Awareness on Sustainability Perspective among Consumers’ of Tea

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i7.7670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (7) ◽

pp. 111-116

Author(s):

Dr. M. Ayisha Millath ◽

Dr. K. Malik Ali

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Health Benefits ◽

High Price ◽

Educational Qualification ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

The World ◽

Correlation Result ◽

Day By Day

Tea is an imperative beverage elsewhere in the world. The need and demand for tea are increasing day by day. Tea Association of USA expects continued growth in tea sales due to awareness on its health benefits. There are more than 3000 kinds of tea varieties are there but only four varieties are widely used. The authors investigated the opinion on sustainability perspectives and problems faced by them while they intend to buy. Willing Participants are included in survey with the sample size of 237. The correlation result revealed that there is a positive relationship between educational qualification and sustainability perspectives of tea products among consumers. . It is also found that lack of information and high price were the major problems faced by tea consumers while intend to buy sustainable tea. So the tea manufacturers and processors must throw light on these issues to improve its preference among consumers.

Mapping the Topics and Evolutions of Chinese Children’s Bestsellers

Libri ◽

10.1515/libri-2019-0072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 305-317

Author(s):

Jiming Hu ◽

Xiang Zheng ◽

Peng Wen ◽

Jie Xu

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Network Analysis ◽

Intellectual Structure ◽

Structure Evolution ◽

Children's Books ◽

Children’S Books ◽

Correlation Structures ◽

The World ◽

Data Source

AbstractChildren’s books involve a large number of topics. Research on them has been paid much attention to by both scholars and practitioners. However, the existing achievements do not focus on China, which is the fastest growing market for children’s books in the world. Studies using quantitative analysis are low in number, especially on the intellectual structure, evolution patterns, and development trends of topics of children’s bestsellers in China. Dangdang.com, the biggest Chinese online bookstore, was chosen as a data source to obtain children’s bestsellers, and topic words in them were extracted from brief introductions. With the aid of co-occurrence theory and tools of social network analysis and visualization, the distribution, correlation structures, and evolution patterns of topics were revealed and visualized. This study shows that topics of Chinese children’s bestsellers are broad and relatively concentrated, but their distribution is unbalanced. There are four distinguished topic communities (Living, Animal, World, and Child) in terms of centrality and maturity, and they all establish their individual systems and tend to be mature. The evolution of these communities tends to be stable with powerful continuity.

The Political Economics of Population Growth: The Case of China

World Politics ◽

10.2307/2009678 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 245-272 ◽

Author(s):

Pi-Chao Chen

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Population Growth ◽

Historical Data ◽

Historical Record ◽

The Political ◽

High Population Density ◽

Rapid Population Growth ◽

The World ◽

Simon Kuznets

Some economists argue that high population density and rapid population growth are not in themselves impediments to economic development. On the basis of a quantitative analysis of historical data, Simon Kuznets, for instance, concludes that, historically, rates of economic development have not significantly correlated, either positively or negatively, with rates of population growth. Similarly, E. E. Hagen observes that “nowhere in the world has population growth induced by rising income been sufficient to halt the rise in income. … The historical record indicates that rise in income in these societies has failed to occur not because something thwarted it, but because no force has been present to cause income to rise.

Re-assessing the Foundations: Worldwide Smallpox Eradication, 1957–67

Medical History ◽

10.1017/mdh.2019.77 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 71-93

Author(s):

Sanjoy Bhattacharya ◽

Carlos Eduardo D’Avila Pereira Campani

Keyword(s):

Majority Vote ◽

World Health ◽

Significant Progress ◽

Eradication Programme ◽

World Health Assembly ◽

Western Africa ◽

The World ◽

Complex Picture ◽

Health Organization ◽

An expansive, worldwide smallpox eradication programme (SEP) was announced by the World Health Assembly in 1958, leading this decision-making body to instruct the World Health Organization Headquarters in Geneva to work with WHO regional offices to engage and draw in national governments to ensure success. Tabled by the Soviet Union’s representative and passed by a majority vote by member states, the announcement was subject to intense diplomatic negotiations. This led to the formation, expansion and reshaping of an ambitious and complex campaign that cut across continents and countries. This article examines these inter-twining international, regional and national processes, and challenges long-standing historiographical assumptions about the fight against smallpox only gathering strength from the mid-1960s onwards, after the start of a US-supported programme in western Africa. The evidence presented here suggests a far more complex picture. It shows that although the SEP’s structures grew slowly between 1958 and 1967, a worldwide eradication programme resulted from international negotiations made possible through gains during this period. Significant progress in limiting the incidence of smallpox sustained international collaboration, and justified the prolongation and expansion of activities. Indeed, all of this bore diplomatic and legal processes within the World Health Assembly and WHO that acted as the foundation of the so-called intensified phase of the SEP and the multi-faceted activities that led to the certification of smallpox eradication in 1980.

The World Bank Administrative Tribunal’s External Sources of Law: The Next Chapter (2006–2010) (Part I)

The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals ◽

10.1163/157180312x640688 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 199-251 ◽

Author(s):

Peter C. Hansen

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Administrative Law ◽

International Treaties ◽

Quarter Century ◽

Legal Principles ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Contract Of Employment ◽

External Sources ◽

Abstract The World Bank Administrative Tribunal has begun its second quarter-century with a jurisprudential flowering of extraordinary proportions. Mr. Hansen’s study, which builds on his earlier 25-year retrospective, comprehensively surveys the Tribunal’s numerous doctrinal developments during this time. In this article, which is part one of two, Mr. Hansen revisits two of the four subjects explored in his retrospective: (i) the roles of the contract of employment, Bank rules, international treaties and national laws in the composition of the pactum established between a staff member and the Bank; and (ii) the development of binding custom from the practices of the Bank, other institutions and national governments. The third and fourth subjects, which deal with the Tribunal’s use of general legal principles and precedents drawn from international and domestic tribunals, shall be handled in the forthcoming second part of this study. Extensively footnoted, Mr. Hansen’s study is intended for both academics and practitioners specializing in international administrative law and comparative international jurisprudence.

Managing compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code: China’s strategies and their implications

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/1012690218805402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 251-271 ◽

Author(s):

Tien-Chin Tan ◽

Alan Bairner ◽

Yu-Wen Chen

Keyword(s):

Field Research ◽

High Price ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Winter Olympics ◽

Fair Competition ◽

The World ◽

World Anti Doping Agency ◽

The Government ◽

One Year

With the problems of doping in sport becoming more serious, the World Anti-Doping Code was drafted by the World Anti-Doping Agency in 2003 and became effective one year later. Since its passage, the Code has been renewed four times, with the fourth and latest version promulgated in January 2015. The Code was intended to tackle the problems of doping in sports through cooperation with governments to ensure fair competition as well as the health of athletes. To understand China’s strategies for managing compliance with the Code and also the implications behind those strategies, this study borrows ideas from theories of compliance. China’s high levels of performance in sport, judged by medal success, have undoubtedly placed the country near the top of the global sports field. Therefore, how China acts in relation to international organizations, and especially how it responds to the World Anti-Doping Agency, is highly significant for the future of elite sport and for the world anti-doping regime. Through painstaking efforts, the researchers visited Beijing to conduct field research four times and interviewed a total of 22 key sports personnel, including officials at the General Administration of Sports of China, the China Anti-Doping Agency, and individual sport associations, as well as sport scholars and leading officials of China’s professional sports leagues. In response to the World Anti-Doping Agency, China developed strategies related to seven institutional factors: ‘monitoring’, ‘verification’, ‘horizontal linkages’, ‘nesting’, ‘capacity building’, ‘national concern’ and ‘institutional profile’. As for the implications, the Chinese government is willing and able to comply with the World Anti-Doping Agency Code. In other words, the Chinese government is willing to pay a high price in terms of money, manpower and material resources so that it can recover from the disgrace suffered as a result of doping scandals in the 1990s. The government wants to ensure that China’s prospects as a participant, bidder and host of mega sporting events are not compromised, especially as the host of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

Therapeutic use of Adhatoda vasica

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i2.29005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 156-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Md Tofazzal Hossain ◽

Md Obydul Hoq

Keyword(s):

Chronic Bronchitis ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Therapeutic Use ◽

Root Bark ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Adhatoda Vasica ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The World

Adhatoda vasica Nees belonging to family Acanthaceae, commonly known as Adosa, is found many regions of India and throughout the world, with a multitude of uses in traditional Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicine. It is also called Vasaka. It is a well-known herb in indigenous systems of medicine for its beneficial effects, particularly in bronchitis. Vasaka leaves, bark, the root bark, the fruit and flowers are useful in the removal of intestinal parasites. Vasaka herb is used for treating cold, cough, chronic bronchitis and asthma. In acute stages of bronchitis, vasaka gives unfailing relief, especially where the sputum is thick and sticky. It liquefies the sputum so that it is brought up more easily. For relief in asthma, the dried leaves should be smoked. The juice from its leaves should be given in doses of 2 to 4 grams in treating diarrhea and dysentery. A poultice of its leaves can be applied with beneficial results over fresh wounds, rheumatic joints and inflammatory swellings. A warm decoction of its leaves is useful in treating scabies and other skin diseases. In olden times its leaves were made into a decoction with pepper and dried ginger. But the modern medicine searched its active ingredients and found out that vasicine, oxyvascicine and vasicinone are the alkaloids present in vasaka and in which vasicine is the active ingradient for expelling sputum from the body.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 156-163

A quantitative analysis about the prevalence of PTSD after the chemical attack in halabja

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71875-2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 164-164

Author(s):

F. M-Hasan

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Linear Relation ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

The Third ◽

Chemical Attack ◽

Kurdish Women ◽

The World ◽

Primary Hypothesis

The March 1988 genocide in Halabja, in which 4000–7000 Kurdish women, children and men were killed by the then Iraqi regime, was the most brutal gas attack on a civil population in modern history. This study challenges currently held understandings of PTSD and how traumatic transformations are expressed in other parts of the world; thereby contributing to the new field of traumatology. The study is quantitative analysis of the prevalence of PTSD, measured using (IES), in two Kurdish towns; Halabja and Suleimaniyah, encompassing 110 participants. The study's primary aim was to compare the prevalence of PTSD in Halabja with that in Suleimaniyah which was not attacked, the expectation being that PTSD would be more prevalent in Halabja than in Suleimaniyah. secondly, that women and those with shorter education would report a higher prevalence of PTSD symptoms, and thirdly that participants with higher levels of social support would report a lower prevalence of PTSD symptoms. The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in total, of reliving and of hyperarousal in the trauma exposed town was significantly higher than in Suleimaniyah, thus supporting the primary hypothesis. The results further showed a significant connection between sex and PTSD symptoms and a clear linear relation between education and prevalence of PTSD symptoms, thus supporting the second hypothesis. However, the results showed no support for the third hypothesis. The study thus indicates that researchers and practitioners working with PTSD need a broader cultural understanding to carry out studies in best possible manner.

Determinant Factors of National Entrepreneurial Activity: a Cross-Country Study

Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen ◽

10.15294/jdm.v10i1.16621 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 58-67

Author(s):

Sunu Widianto

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Competitive Advantage ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Comprehensive Approach ◽

Entrepreneurial Activity ◽

The World ◽

Country Study ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Welfare State

The purpose of this study was to understand the phenomenon of entrepreneurship activity with a coherent paradigm that has not been widely explored. Entrepreneurship has been regarded as one of the important factor that support growth and socioeconomic development of a country because it can provides so many jobs, which ultimately will improve the welfare state and competitive advantage. Prior studies have been conducted research which is none of the comprehensive approach taken to explain the factors that encourage entrepreneurial activity that occurred in various countries around the world. This study found that Individualism negatively significant influence TEA which means the higher level of individualism of a country the lower Entrepeneurial activity. Moreover, cost enforcing contracts significantly influence national entrepreneurial activity which means the higher level of cost enforcing contracts the higher level of TEA.

In Memoriam Dietrich Hoffmann

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0906 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 254-256 ◽

Author(s):

H Klus ◽

M Kunze ◽

Beiträge Editors of

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

International Organizations ◽

Tobacco Industry ◽

World Health ◽

Regulatory Agencies ◽

International Agency ◽

The World ◽

In Memoriam ◽

Health Organization ◽

AbstractDietrich Hoffmann passed away on April 20, 2011, at his home in Larchmont, New York. He had suffered from Parkinson's disease for more than 20 years. With Dietrich Hoffmann's death the tobacco community lost one of its most prominent scientists, who was familiar with all areas of tobacco research. His work guided and influenced a whole generation of scientists working in the tobacco industry, universities, regulatory agencies, national governments or international organizations, such as the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It is an obligation of honor for the authors M. Kunze, H. Klus, and the editors of BeiträgezurTabakforschung International publish a short tribute in memory of Dietrich Hoffmann.