scholarly journals Immunization with Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 prevents the development of PTSD-like sleep and behavioral phenotypes after sleep disruption and acute stress in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Bowers ◽  
Sophie Lambert ◽  
Shannon He ◽  
Christopher A. Lowry ◽  
Monika Fleshner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Behavioral Phenotypes ◽  
Mycobacterium Vaccae ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inadequate Sleep ◽  
Improve Health

AbstractBecause regular sleep disruption can increase vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders, there is a need to explore novel countermeasures to increase stress resilience after inadequate sleep. In this study, we explored the impact of 5 days of intermittent sleep disruption on vulnerability to acute social defeat stress in mice, and investigated the ability of the environmental, immunomodulatory bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 (MV) to promote stress resilience in that context. We found that mice receiving sleep disruption plus acute stress developed sleep and behavioral phenotypes that had some features of human posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) including reduced NREM delta power and increased NREM beta power in post-stress sleep EEG, persistent increases in sleep fragmentation and the REM:Sleep ratio, and behavioral changes. Importantly, immunization with heat-killed MV prevented the development of this phenotype. These results support further research into novel, microbial-based countermeasures to improve health and increase resilience to sleep disruption.

scholarly journals Acute stress induces long-lasting alterations in the dopaminergic system of female mice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Wichmann ◽  
Caitlin M. Vander Weele ◽  
Ariella S. Yosafat ◽  
Evelien H.S. Schut ◽  
Jeroen P. H. Verharen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Social Signal ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Stimulation

AbstractStress is a risk factor for many neuropsychiatric disorders, and the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway is a crucial node of vulnerability. Despite the high prevalence of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders in women, preclinical knowledge on the impact of stress on neural circuitry has predominantly been acquired in males. Here, we examine how a non-social stressor impacts the effect of DA neurotransmission on social and reward-related behaviors in female mice. Acute stress exposure attenuated the anti-social effects of photoinhibiting ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons and transformed photoactivation of these cells into an anti-social signal. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) revealed an enhancement in optogenetically-induced DA release after stress. 60 days after stress, mice showed distinct patterns of intra-cranial self-stimulation of VTA DA neurons. Our results reveal the impact stress exerts on females and show that neural and behavioral changes induced by acute stress exposure are still present months later.

scholarly journals Immunization with a heat-killed bacterium, Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, prevents the development of cortical hyperarousal and a PTSD-like sleep phenotype after sleep disruption and acute stress in mice

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J Bowers ◽  
Sophie Lambert ◽  
Shannon He ◽  
Christopher A Lowry ◽  
Monika Fleshner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Mycobacterium Vaccae ◽  
Environmental Bacterium ◽  
Object Location Memory ◽  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep deprivation induces systemic inflammation that may contribute to stress vulnerability and other pathologies. We tested the hypothesis that immunization with heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 (MV), an environmental bacterium with immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, prevents the negative impacts of five days of sleep disruption on stress-induced changes in sleep, behavior, and physiology in mice. Methods In a 2x2x2 experimental design, male C57BL/6N mice were given injections of either MV or vehicle on days –17, –10, and –3. On days 1-5, mice were exposed to intermittent sleep disruption, whereby sleep was disrupted for 20 hours per day. Immediately following sleep disruption, mice were exposed to 1-hour social defeat stress or novel cage (control) conditions. Object location memory (OLM) testing was conducted 24 hours after social defeat, and tissues were collected six days later to measure inflammatory markers. Sleep was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) throughout the experiment. Results In vehicle-treated mice, only the combination of sleep disruption followed by social defeat (double hit): 1) increased brief arousals and NREM beta (15-30Hz) EEG power in sleep immediately post-social defeat compared to baseline; 2) induced an increase in the proportion of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and number of state shifts for at least 5 days post-social defeat; and 3) induced hyperlocomotion and lack of habituation in the OLM task. Immunization with MV prevented most of these sleep and behavioral changes. Conclusions Immunization with MV ameliorates a stress-induced sleep and behavioral phenotype that shares features with human posttraumatic stress disorder.

The impact of acute stress on the neural processing of food cues in bulimia nervosa: Replication in two samples.

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Collins ◽  
Lauren Breithaupt ◽  
Jennifer E. McDowell ◽  
L. Stephen Miller ◽  
James Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of body posture on intrinsic brain activity: The role of beta power at rest

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0218977
Author(s):  
Brunella Donno ◽  
Daniele Migliorati ◽  
Filippo Zappasodi ◽  
Mauro Gianni Perrucci ◽  
Marcello Costantini
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of acute stress on cognitive functioning: a matter of cognitive demands?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Plieger ◽  
Andrea Felten ◽  
Elena Diks ◽  
Jessica Tepel ◽  
Melanie Mies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
The Impact

Physiological responses to acute stress and the drive to eat: The impact of perceived life stress

Appetite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca R. Klatzkin ◽  
Allie Baldassaro ◽  
Saniya Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of chronic stress on periodontal health

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Gunepin ◽  
Florence Derache ◽  
Marion Trousselard ◽  
Bruno Salsou ◽  
Jean-Jacques Risso
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Educational Objective ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Periodontal diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that induce increases in of local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in periodontal damage. The onset and evolution of periodontal diseases are influenced by many local and systemic risk factors. Educational objective: In this article, we aim to review the results of the research on the impact of chronic stress on the occurrence, development, and response to periodontal disease treatments and on the pathophysiological mechanisms of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Chronic stress has a negative impact on the occurrence, development, and response to the treatment of periodontal disease via indirect actions on the periodontium. This can result from behavioral changes caused by stress (poor dental hygiene, smoking, etc.) and a direct neuroimmunoendocrinological action related to the consequences (particularly immunological) of the secretion of certain chemicals (e.g., cortisol) induced by the activation of the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system in response to stress. These factors necessitate multidisciplinary management (e.g., physician, oral surgeon, and psychologist) of patients to identify subjects with chronic stress and to employ countermeasures to decrease the impact of stress on the periodontium.

scholarly journals Wanted: A Revolution in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Jakkie Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Current Path ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Health

AbstractAgriculture is the backbone of many African economies. Cilliers explores the history and role of agriculture in development, and the likely future trajectory of agriculture in Africa along the Current Path, drawing lessons from other regions. Improvements in this sector, particularly access to finance and use of modern technology can unlock the significant potential to achieve food security, improve health and nutrition outcomes, create agribusiness ventures that influence employment, earn foreign exchange through exports and promote economic prosperity. The chapter concludes with a scenario that emulates the impact of a revolution in agriculture on food security and growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Randomized Corruption Audits on Early-Life Mortality in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pedro Ramos ◽  
Robert Weiss ◽  
Simeon Nietcher ◽  
Leiwen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Health

Background: Various studies suggest that corruption affects public health systems across the world. However, the extant literature lacks causal evidence about whether anti-corruption interventions can improve health outcomes. We examine the impact of randomized anti-corruption audits on early-life mortality in Brazil. Methods: The Brazilian government conducted audits in 1,949 randomly selected municipalities between 2003 and 2015. To identify the causal effect of anti-corruption audits on early-life mortality, we analyse data on health outcomes from individual- level vital statistics (DATASUS) collected by Brazil government before and after the random audits. Data on the audit intervention are from the Controladoria-Geral da Uniao, the government agency responsible for the anti-corruption audits. Outcomes are neonatal mortality, infant mortality, child mortality, preterm births, and prenatal visits. Analyses examine aggregate effects for each outcome, as well as effects by race, cause of death, and years since the intervention. Results: Anti-corruption audits significantly decreased early-life mortality in Brazil. Expressed in relative terms, audits reduced neonatal mortality by 6.7% (95% CI -8.3%, -5.0%), reduced infant mortality by 7.3% (-8.6%, -5.9%), and reduced child mortality by 7.3% (-8.5%, -6.0%). This reduction in early mortality was higher for nonwhite Brazilians, who face significant health disparities. Effects are greater when we look at deaths from preventable causes, and show temporal persistence with large effects even a decade after audits. In addition, analyses show that the intervention led to a 12.1% (-13.4%, -10.6%) reduction in women receiving no prenatal care, as well as a 7.4% (-9.4%, -5.5%) reduction in preterm births; these effects are likewise higher for nonwhites and are persistent over time. All effects are robust to various alternative specifications. Interpretation: Governments have the potential to improve health outcomes through anti-corruption interventions. Such interventions can reduce early-life mortality and mitigate health disparities. The impact of anti-corruption audits should be investigated in other countries, and further research should further explore the mechanisms by which combating corruption affects the health sector.

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