Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19

Background: The coronavirus disease outbreak from 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly contagious virus that claimed thousands of lives around the world and disrupted the health system in many countries. The assessment of emergency capacity in every country is a necessary part of the COVID-19 response efforts. Thus, it is extremely recommended to evaluate the health care system to prepare the country to tackle COVID-19 challenges. Methods and Findings: A retrospective and ecological study was performed with data retrieved from the public national healthcare database (DATASUS). Numbers of intensive care unit and infirmary beds, general or intensivists physicians, nurses, nursing technicians, and ventilators from each Regional Health Unity were extracted, and the beds per health professionals and ventilators per population rates were assessed. The accessibility to health services was also performed using a spatial overlay approach to verify regions that lack assistance. It was found that Brazil lacks equity, integrity, and may struggle to assist with high complexity for the COVID-19 patients in many regions of the country. Conclusions: Brazilian health system is insufficient to tackle the COVID-19 in some regions of the country where the coronavirus may be responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality.

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Development of a gender-relevant tobacco cessation intervention for women in Brazil—an intervention mapping approach to planning

Health Education Research ◽

10.1093/her/cyz025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 505-520

Author(s):

Nï¿½dia Kienen ◽

Thaï¿½s Distï¿½fano Wiltenburg ◽

Lorna Bittencourt ◽

Isabel C Scarinci

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Health System ◽

Health Care System ◽

Tobacco Cessation ◽

Public Health System ◽

Intervention Mapping ◽

The Public ◽

Cessation Intervention ◽

Care System

Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a theory-based, culturally and gender-relevant Community Health Worker (CWH)-led tobacco cessation intervention for low-income Brazilian women who augments the tobacco cessation program offered through the public health system using Intervention Mapping (IM). We began with the establishment of a network of representatives from different segments of society followed by comprehensive needs assessments. We then established a logical planning process that was guided by a theoretical framework (Social Cognitive Theory) and existing evidence-based tobacco cessation programs, taking into account socio-political context of a universal health care system. Given the gender-relevance of our intervention and the importance of social support in tobacco cessation among women, we chose an intervention that would be delivered within the public health system but augmented by CHWs that would be trained in behavior change by researchers. One of major advantages of utilizing IM was that decisions were made in a transparent and supportive manner with involvement of all stakeholders throughout the process. Despite the fact that this process is very taxing on researchers and the health care system as it takes time, resources and negotiation skills, it builds trust and promotes ownership which can assure sustainability.

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Health Care System Structure in the State of Israel

Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.20883/jms.332 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

Mohammad Yasser Sabbah

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Health System ◽

Health Care System ◽

The State ◽

The Public ◽

The Right ◽

To Receive ◽

State Of Israel ◽

Care System

The health care system in the State of Israel consists of two sectors - the public sector, which includes government-owned hospitals and medical institutes. The public health sector includes the community health system, health funds, family medicine, the general care system and the mental health care system. The second sector is the private sector, which includes private hospitals and medical institutes. Both sectors are supervised by the Israeli Ministry of Health, which is the supreme governmental authority through which it implements its policy in the entire health system in Israel. The law provides and guarantees medical insurance for every resident of Israel, the right to receive medical treatment, the prohibition of discrimination, informed consent to medical treatment, the right to receive an additional medical opinion, the dignity and privacy of the patient and the right to attend. Health funds in Israel were established before the State of Israel was established. The ideological concept of the health funds was based on the principle of equality and mutual assistance.

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Health care system of the Republic of Serbia in the period 2004-2012

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs1401036g ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 36-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milena Gajic-Stevanovic ◽

Jovana Aleksic ◽

Neda Stojanovic ◽

Slavoljub Zivkovic

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Health System ◽

Health Care System ◽

Insurance Fund ◽

The Public ◽

The Republic ◽

The Right ◽

Care System

Introduction. The backbone of Serbian health system forms the public healthcare provider network with 355 institutions and around 112,000 employees, owned and controlled by the Ministry of Health and financed mainly by the Republican Health Insurance Fund. The law recognizes private practice that was not included, till recently, in the public funding scheme. New Health Insurance Law (2005) decreased the number of entitlements in the basic health service package. It abolished the right to dental health care for adults (exceptions are: children, older than 65, pregnant women and emergency cases) as well as the right to compensate travel expenses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of health care system of the Republic of Serbia and indicate parameters that determine the state of health of the population, on the ground of data obtained by the Institute of Public Health of Serbia. Results. In the period 2004-2012, cardiovascular diseases represented the main cause of illness in Serbia (50%). In 2012 digestive system diseases were on the second place. Neoplasm and nervous system diseases were on the third place. From 2007 to 2012 there was slight decline in the birth rate and number of deaths, but the death rate increased from 13.9 to 14.2. Health care system in Serbia is funded through the combination of public finances and private contributions. Primary care is provided in 158 health care centres and health care stations, secondary and tertiary care services are offered in general hospitals, specialized hospitals, clinics, clinico-hospital centers and clinical centres. Conclusion. A significant but not satisfactory progress has been achieved in the field of health status indicators as the most important outcome of the final performance of the health system. The transition of public health care system in Serbia since the communist period to present and slow integration with European Union is unfinished process.

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CLUSTER APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES ECONOMICS ◽

10.24143/2073-5537-2019-1-76-87 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 76-87

Author(s):

Farid Fargatovich Gabbasov ◽

Elmira Nazimovna Samedova ◽

Vladimir Vladimirovich Zverev

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health System ◽

Health Care System ◽

Cluster Structure ◽

Well Being ◽

Cluster Approach ◽

Regional Health ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

Regional Health Care ◽

Care System

The article touches upon the problem of the importance of health system in reproduction of human capital, maintenance and restoring the social and physical well-being of the people. In modern conditions regional health systems are not able to fully implement their functions due to insufficient funding, poor management, and irrational use of resources. There has been investigated the scheme of producing and rendering medical services, as well as the main functions, areas and activities of the health care system. Three business lines of health system entities have been determined: producing, utilization and regulation. Priorities of health care development that must be regularly revised due to changing factors, conditions, technologies are presented schematically. It has been substantiated that the cluster approach is one of the most effective mechanisms for improving the management system in health care. Benefits of clustering of constituent entities of the healthcare system have been refined. There is proposed a methodical approach to forming clusters in the Russian regional health care. The implementation of the cluster approach is noted to be determined by the rationality of organizational and economic support of the health care system, which means a set of organizational, legal, infrastructure, financial methods and instruments of influence. The algorithm of formation of the medical cluster structure on the basis of which the model of the Astrakhan regional medical cluster is developed is proposed. The most important stage of developing cluster is found forming its core by means of assigning the key medical organizations and their business satellites. It has been inferred that the cluster functioning helps to reduce costs of its participants, provide investment attractiveness of the cluster itself and its separate participants, raise efficient use of resources at the expense of mutual application of medical equipment and technologies, guarantee the quality and availability of medical care, develop competitive behavior etc.

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Searching for Elysium: teaching universal health care as a human right

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

I Souza ◽

T C Garcia ◽

M N Sayão

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Health Care ◽

Health System ◽

Health Care System ◽

Human Right ◽

School Class ◽

Federal Constitution ◽

High School Class ◽

Free Health Care ◽

Care System

Abstract Background Brazil have a huge free health care system. Inspired on UK National Health System (NHS), the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, that means Unified Health System) was consolidate as a right for all citizens after 1988's Brazilian Federal Constitution. Despite your spread, part of Brazilian citizens have an opposite opinions about SUS. So, the main question is: How to teach the relevance of a universal free health care system as a human right. Objectives The main aim of this work is teaching the recognize of SUS as a human right and ratified by Brazilian Federal Constitution in a High School class. In this sense, we used the cinema and debate for stimulate an effective comprehension of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and health promotion as a human right in a high school class. We used the movie Elysium (Neill Blomkamp, 2013) that show a dystopian world with two social class: citizen and non-citizen of Elysium (an artificial satellite of the Earth with high technology of cure for your citizens). Results The class has three Lessons: in first lesson we teaching about different notions about rights and the UDHR. In the second lesson we teaching about free health care systems in the world and a historical perspective about SUS. The third lesson we show the movie Elysium and proceed a debate. In debate we discuss about citizenship and rights, how the movie show two societies with different rights about work, transport and health, and how this aspects impact the quality of life of human being. Conclusions What options we have? The notion of free health care as a human right isn't an easy concept. So, efforts are needed for this comprehension and cinema can be used, followed by discussion, as a significant teaching tool for achieving humanistic educational objectives about free health care system as a human right in the high school curriculum. Key messages Health care is a human right and free health care system is a concretization of this right. Cinema can be used for stimulate a critical evaluation and effective understanding of rights in a high school classroom.

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