scholarly journals Derivation of ringed seal (Phoca hispida) tripotent induced pluripotent stem-like cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta R. Beklemisheva ◽  
Aleksei G. Menzorov
Keyword(s):  
American Mink ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Phoca Hispida ◽  
Pluripotency Marker ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
First Time ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Ectoderm Cell

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been produced just for a few species among order Carnivora: snow leopard, Bengal tiger, serval, jaguar, cat, dog, ferret, and American mink. For the first time, we derived the ringed seal (Phoca hispida) iPS-like cells. We had shown the expression of pluripotency marker gene Rex1. Ringed seal iPS-like cells were able to differentiate into derivatives of endoderm (expression of AFP), mesoderm (adipocytes and osteocytes), and trophectoderm (expression of Cdx2). To confirm pluripotency, we need to differentiate cells into ectoderm cell types, for instance into neurons.

Predation of ringed seal pups (Phoca hispida) by the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1610-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Ringed Seal ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Phoca Hispida ◽  
Important Predator ◽  
First Time

The arctic fox (Alopex lagopus), commonly assigned the role of scavenger of marine mammal remains left by polar hears (Ursus maritimus), is for the first time quantitatively described as an important predator of the pups of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida). Foxes enter and kill the seal pups in their subnivean birth lairs. In no case were any seals other than pups killed by foxes. While predation was seen to vary over the 3 years of study, an average pup predation of 26.1% in nearshore sea ice is estimated. Estimates of the contribution of seal pups to the fox energy budget are calculated. Newborn seal pups contribute a maximum of 45.2 and a minimum of 30.2 days of maintenance energy. Almost weaned pups provide a maximum of 341.5 and a minimum of 227 days of maintenance energy.

Generation and characterization of iPSCs from human embryonic dermal fibroblasts of a healthy donor from Siberian population

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Grigor’eva ◽  
Tuyana B. Malankhanova ◽  
Aizhan Surumbayeva ◽  
Julia M. Minina ◽  
Elena A. Kizilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Inherited Diseases ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Episomal Vectors ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractTechnology of reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state allows generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and carrying out a broad range of studies. iPSCs can be obtained from patients suffering from inherited diseases to model the diseases and to study their pathological mechanisms at the molecular level after iPSC differentiation in relevant cell types. Another approach to model and study inherited diseases is using iPSCs from healthy donors and genome editing tools. The approach allows generating a panel of isogenic lines, which gives new opportunities in drug screening and toxicological testing. Moreover, iPSCs and their derivatives can be further used for substitutive cell therapy and transplantology.In this study, we generated iPSCs from human embryonic fibroblasts using episomal vectors. The lines obtained expressed pluripotency markers, had a stable karyotype – 46:XY, and did not contain episome integrations into genome. The cell lines gave rise to derivatives of three germ layers during spontaneous differentiation in vitro and in vivo.

Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽  
J. S. Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
First Time

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).

The ringed seal (Phoca hispida) spring diet in northwestern Spitsbergen, Svalbard

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Gjertz ◽  
Christian Lydersen
Keyword(s):  
Ringed Seal ◽  
Phoca Hispida

Stem Cell Cure for Kidney Injury: Therapy to Solve Most Complex Issues in Renal System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Renal Regeneration ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Renal failure is a major health problem. The mortality rate remain high despite of several therapies. The most complex of the renal issues are solved through stem cells. In this review, different mechanism for cure of chronic kidney injury along with cell engraftment incorporated into renal structures will be analysed. Paracrine activities of embryonic or induced Pluripotent stem cells are explored on the basis of stem cell-induced kidney regeneration. Several experiments have been conducted to advance stem cells to ensure the restoration of renal functions. More vigour and organised protocols for delivering stem cells is a possibility for advancement in treatment of renal disease. Also there is a need for pressing therapies to replicate the tissue remodelling and cellular repair processes suitable for renal organs. Stem cells are the undifferentiated cells that have the ability to multiply into several cell types. In vivo experiments on animal’s stem cells have shown significant improvements in the renal regeneration and functions of organs. Nevertheless more studies show several improvements in the kidney repair due to stem cell regeneration.

Uncovering the Diversification of Tissue Engineering on the Emergent Areas of Stem Cells, Nanotechnology and Biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Dubey ◽  
Amit Alexander ◽  
Munnangi Sivaram ◽  
Mukta Agrawal ◽  
Gautam Singhvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Treat All ◽  
The Impact

Damaged or disabled tissue is life-threatening due to the lack of proper treatment. Many conventional transplantation methods like autograft, iso-graft and allograft are in existence for ages, but they are not sufficient to treat all types of tissue or organ damages. Stem cells, with their unique capabilities like self-renewal and differentiate into various cell types, can be a potential strategy for tissue regeneration. However, the challenges like reproducibility, uncontrolled propagation and differentiation, isolation of specific kinds of cell and tumorigenic nature made these stem cells away from clinical application. Today, various types of stem cells like embryonic, fetal or gestational tissue, mesenchymal and induced-pluripotent stem cells are under investigation for their clinical application. Tissue engineering helps in configuring the stem cells to develop into a desired viable tissue, to use them clinically as a substitute for the conventional method. The use of stem cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is being studied to replace the stem cells, which decreases the immunological complications associated with the direct administration of stem cells. Tissue engineering also investigates various biomaterials to use clinically, either to replace the bones or as a scaffold to support the growth of stemcells/ tissue. Depending upon the need, there are various biomaterials like bio-ceramics, natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers to support replacement or regeneration of tissue. Like the other fields of science, tissue engineering is also incorporating the nanotechnology to develop nano-scaffolds to provide and support the growth of stem cells with an environment mimicking the Extracellular matrix (ECM) of the desired tissue. Tissue engineering is also used in the modulation of the immune system by using patient-specific Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and by modifying the physical features of scaffolds that may provoke the immune system. This review describes the use of various stem cells, biomaterials and the impact of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Interactome Analysis of KIN (Kin17) Shows New Functions of This Protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-781
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pinatto Gaspar ◽  
Anelise Cardoso Ramos ◽  
Philippe Cloutier ◽  
José Renato Pattaro Junior ◽  
Francisco Ferreira Duarte Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
First Time

KIN (Kin17) protein is overexpressed in a number of cancerous cell lines, and is therefore considered a possible cancer biomarker. It is a well-conserved protein across eukaryotes and is ubiquitously expressed in all cell types studied, suggesting an important role in the maintenance of basic cellular function which is yet to be well determined. Early studies on KIN suggested that this nuclear protein plays a role in cellular mechanisms such as DNA replication and/or repair; however, its association with chromatin depends on its methylation state. In order to provide a better understanding of the cellular role of this protein, we investigated its interactome by proximity-dependent biotin identification coupled to mass spectrometry (BioID-MS), used for identification of protein–protein interactions. Our analyses detected interaction with a novel set of proteins and reinforced previous observations linking KIN to factors involved in RNA processing, notably pre-mRNA splicing and ribosome biogenesis. However, little evidence supports that this protein is directly coupled to DNA replication and/or repair processes, as previously suggested. Furthermore, a novel interaction was observed with PRMT7 (protein arginine methyltransferase 7) and we demonstrated that KIN is modified by this enzyme. This interactome analysis indicates that KIN is associated with several cell metabolism functions, and shows for the first time an association with ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that KIN is likely a moonlight protein.

scholarly journals Morphological and Ultrastructural Characterization of Hemocytes in an Insect Model, the Hematophagous Dipetalogaster maxima (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Natalia R. Moyetta ◽  
Fabián O. Ramos ◽  
Jimena Leyria ◽  
Lilián E. Canavoso ◽  
Leonardo L. Fruttero
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Controversial Aspect

Hemocytes, the cells present in the hemolymph of insects and other invertebrates, perform several physiological functions, including innate immunity. The current classification of hemocyte types is based mostly on morphological features; however, divergences have emerged among specialists in triatomines, the insect vectors of Chagas’ disease (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Here, we have combined technical approaches in order to characterize the hemocytes from fifth instar nymphs of the triatomine Dipetalogaster maxima. Moreover, in this work we describe, for the first time, the ultrastructural features of D. maxima hemocytes. Using phase contrast microscopy of fresh preparations, five hemocyte populations were identified and further characterized by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. The plasmatocytes and the granulocytes were the most abundant cell types, although prohemocytes, adipohemocytes and oenocytes were also found. This work sheds light on a controversial aspect of triatomine cell biology and physiology setting the basis for future in-depth studies directed to address hemocyte classification using non-microscopy-based markers.

scholarly journals Epigenetic reprogramming of cell identity: lessons from development for regenerative medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitava Basu ◽  
Vijay K. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
And Function

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms are known to define cell-type identity and function. Hence, reprogramming of one cell type into another essentially requires a rewiring of the underlying epigenome. Cellular reprogramming can convert somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can be directed to differentiate to specific cell types. Trans-differentiation or direct reprogramming, on the other hand, involves the direct conversion of one cell type into another. In this review, we highlight how gene regulatory mechanisms identified to be critical for developmental processes were successfully used for cellular reprogramming of various cell types. We also discuss how the therapeutic use of the reprogrammed cells is beginning to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine particularly in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue and organs arising from pathological conditions or accidents. Lastly, we highlight some key challenges hindering the application of cellular reprogramming for therapeutic purposes.

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