scholarly journals Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Pakistani University Students and How They Are Coping

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman ◽  
Noman Asif ◽  
Zia Ul Mustafa ◽  
Tahir Mehmood Khan ◽  
Naureen Shehzadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Spiritual Coping ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 is spreading quickly, causing great deal of fear and unrest in the public. We aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on university students and their coping strategies.MethodsThis web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among students of four Pakistani higher education institutions. Google forms were used to disseminate the online questionnaire to assess anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), sources of distress (14-items) and the coping strategies (Brief-COPE).ResultsA total of 1134 responses (age 21.7 ± 3.5 years) were included. The frequency of students having moderate-severe anxiety and depression (score ≥ 10) were ≈ 34% and 45%, respectively. The respondents’ aged ≥ 31 years had significantly lower depression score than those below 30 years. Males had significantly less anxiety and depression scores than females. Additionally, those having a family member, friend or acquaintance infected with the disease had significantly higher anxiety score. The main sources of distress were the changes in daily life due to the ongoing pandemic. Regarding coping strategies, majority of respondents were found to have adopted religious/spiritual coping (6.45 ± 1.68) followed by acceptance (5.58 ± 1.65).ConclusionsCOVID-19 have significant adverse impact on students’ mental health. The most frequent coping strategy adopted by them are religious/spiritual coping, acceptance, self-distraction and active coping. It is suggested that mental health of students should not be neglected during epidemics.

scholarly journals Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Students in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman ◽  
Noman Asif ◽  
Zia Ul Mustafa ◽  
Tahir Mehmood Khan ◽  
Naureen Shehzadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Psychological Impairment ◽  
And Coping

Abstract High levels of stress are expected when crises affect people’s lives. Therefore, this web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from Pakistan to investigate the psychological impairment and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic. Google forms were used to disseminate the online questionnaire to assess anxiety (Generalized Anxiety disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and the coping strategies (Brief-COPE). A total of 1134 responses (age 21.7±3.5 years) were included. The frequency of students having moderate-severe anxiety and depression (score ≥ 10) were ≍ 34% and 45%, respectively. The respondents’ aged ≥ 31 years had significantly lower depression score than those ≤ 20 years (p = 0.047). Males had significantly less anxiety (6.62 ± 5.70 vs 7.84 ± 5.60, p = 0.001) and depression (8.73 ± 6.84 vs 9.71 ± 7.06, p = 0.031) scores. Those having family member, friend or acquaintances infected with disease had significantly higher anxiety score (8.89 ± 5.74 vs 7.09 ± 5.56, p < 0.001). Regarding coping strategies, majority of respondents were found to have adopted religious/spiritual coping (6.45 ± 1.68) followed by acceptance (5.58 ± 1.65), self-distraction (4.97 ± 1.61) and active coping (4.81 ± 1.57). In conclusion, COVID-19 cause significant impairment on mental health of the students. The most frequent coping strategy adopted by students were religious/spiritual and acceptance coping. During epidemics mental health of students should not be neglected.

scholarly journals Psychological Impact of the Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in University Workers: Factors Related to Stress, Anxiety, and Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Alejandro Salazar ◽  
Jenifer Palomo-Osuna ◽  
Helena de Sola ◽  
Jose A. Moral-Munoz ◽  
María Dueñas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Illness Perception Questionnaire ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Apoyo Social

This study aims to explore the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related lockdown in university workers, and to analyse the factors related to their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 8–22 April 2020, 3.5 weeks after the COVID-19-related lockdown in Spain. We collected sociodemographic and occupational data, in addition to housing, work and health conditions. Coping strategies (Brief COPE-28); level of anxiety, stress, and depression (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales DASS-21); perception of the disease (COVID-19) (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire BIPQ); and perceived level of social support (Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social EMAS) were measured. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to explore the factors related to the level of anxiety, depression, and stress. The sample included 677 subjects. Higher scores in depression, anxiety, and stress occurred among females, younger subjects, administration and service workers; and subjects with a smaller home, as well as those with worse health status, worse quality of sleep, and dysfunctional coping strategies. The COVID-19-related lockdown had a great impact on the mental health of university workers. The participants with specific sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, clinical disorders, and dysfunctional coping strategies were more at risk.

scholarly journals Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Dr. Hameed Mumtaz Durrani ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Imran Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Comorbid Disease ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To ascertain the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of general population of Pakistan. Study design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Place and Duration of study: The participants in the study were selected from community population of Islamabad in a period of two months from 15th May to 15 July 2020. Patients and Methods: A total of 278 participants were selected for this study. All the participants were given structured questionnaire consisting on demographic information HADS scoring system to calculate depression and anxiety. HADS consists of 14 questions, each of which is scored 0–3. The possible scores for depression and anxiety ranged 0-21. Higher scores indicate increased severity of anxiety or depression. A cut off value of 8 or more was used to identify the anxiety and depression.  Results: The mean age was 33.42 ± 9.67 years and 148 (53.2%) were males. Among these participants 238 (85.6%) were resident of urban area, and 167 (60.1%) were married. Most of the participants were graduate 102 (36.7%). Thirty-six (12.9%) participants had a known patient of Covid-19 in their family or friends. Most of the participants 196 (70.5%) had no any comorbid disease. The mean anxiety score was noted to be 6.47 ± 5.51 and mean depression score was 6.65 ± 4.17. History of any comorbid disease showed a highly significant (p-value < 0.01) association with anxiety and depression score. Conclusion: To minimize the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health of general population attention should be given to vulnerable groups like males, middle age adults, less educated and unemployed persons especially the people with chronic comorbid disease. Keywords: Covid-19, Mental health, General population, Anxiety, Depression

scholarly journals The Impact of Study Mode (Online vs. Hybrid) on Early Symptoms of Depression and Coping Strategies among University Students in Poland in Time of COVID-19 Pandemic—Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1578
Author(s):  
Anna Drelich-Zbroja ◽  
Anna Jamroz-Wiśniewska ◽  
Maryla Kuczyńska ◽  
Monika Zbroja ◽  
Weronika Cyranka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Study Mode ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: mental health has been one of the most important issues surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic; mental disorders can be exacerbated by isolation during lockdowns or online learning. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between non-clinical (early) symptoms of depressed moods, personality traits, and coping strategies, as well as whether the learning mode (online versus hybrid) differentiates the experiences of these early symptoms and coping strategies. Methods: 114 university students aged 19 to 34, whose education model was changed from stationary to hybrid or online due to COVID-19 restrictions, participated in the study. The participants completed the online questionnaire, which consisted of two sections: (1) demographic questions to characterize the subjects and 44 questions based on the literature review. (2) Mini-COPE Inventory. Results: the study showed that the fully online study mode has a negative impact on the mental health of students; hybrid students are more likely to use active and positive coping strategies, which effectively help to control negative thoughts and/or reduce negative mental states. Conclusions: the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological effects that will extend to coming years; therefore, implementing systemic psychological care is of utmost importance.

Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Association of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanil S Hishan ◽  
Heethal Jaiprakash ◽  
Suresh Ramakrishnan ◽  
Jaiprakash Mohanraj ◽  
Jayanthi Shanker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Reframing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Prevalence of Stress, anxiety and depression has been identified to be high among university students which may affect their social and professional lives. The study aims at assessing the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among university students and analyzes their association with gender, ethnicity and area of upbringing. The study also intends to identify their coping strategies. This was a cross sectional study utilizing validated questionnaires. It was conducted among a total of 143 university students in Johar bahru. The questionnaires used were the socio-demographic questionnaire, DAAS-21 questionnaire and Brief coping strategy Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was used. The mean age of the students under the study was 25.02±8.6 years. Depression was seen in 62.2% of the students and anxiety and stress were seen in 78.3% and 55.9 % students respectively. Depression, anxiety and stress were found more in females than males. Anxiety was more in Malays and depression and stress was more among other ethnic groups. Anxiety and depression were seen more in students with a rural upbringing and stress in students with a urban upbringing. There was no significant association between depression, anxiety, stress and gender, ethnicity and area of upbringing. The mean score for the common coping strategies employed which was acceptance, positive reframing and self distraction were 2.8±0.9, 2.8±1.0, 2.8±1.0 respectively. Prevalence of anxiety was more compared to stress or depression. Students used active coping Strategies to cope with stress.  

Effects of Psychosocial Stress, Neuroticism Liability and Unhealthy Coping Strategies on the Physical and Mental Welfare of Pre-University Students in the National University of Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Soosiamaal a/p Joseph Thomas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
National University ◽  
The Individual

Stress is the body's response to changes that create taxing demands. Coping mechanism plays a significant part to overcome or reduce the stress experienced by individuals. The purpose of the study is to study the relationship between psychosocial stress, neuroticism liability and unhealthy coping strategies on the physical and mental welfare of pre-university students. One hundred and forty four pre-university students from the National University of Malaysia are included in this study. A quantitative study utilizing a cross sectional non-probability sampling research design is used to gather data. The data is collected using a questionnaire which analyzes three main aspects of this study namely, psychosocial stress, neuroticism liability and unhealthy coping mechanisms. The instruments used to measure psychosocial stress is the individual items of the University Students Stress Scale .The unhealthy coping strategies will be assessed by the Brief COPE Inventory through the ordinal data (individual survey items) obtained. However, neuroticism liability will be measured through the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The SPSS Statistics Data Editor Version 25 is used for statistical analysis. In conclusion, all three variables are correlated with each other. When a person experiences immense psychosocial stress, the person tends to inculcate more unhealthy coping strategies in daily lives and it may contribute to increasing neuroticism liability.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression in frontline healthcare workers treating people with COVID-19 in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafia Tasnim ◽  
Md. Safaet Hossain Sujan ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Asmaul Husna Ritu ◽  
Md. Abid Bin Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Mental Health Concerns

Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are in the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic are often under significant pressures that may predispose them to symptoms of poor mental health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among HCWs and factors correlated with mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. And, it also aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and August, 2020. A self-reported online questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The survey included questions concerning socio-demographic, lifestyle, and work setting, as well as the HADS. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Results Data from 803 HCWs (50.7% male; mean age: 27.3 [SD = 6.9]; age range: 18-58 years) were included in the final analysis. The Bangla HADS was psychometrically sound, and demonstrated good internal consistency and reliability (α = 0.83), and excellent construct validity. Prevalence estimates of anxiety and depression were 69.5%, and 39.5%, respectively, for less severe symptomology (at least borderline abnormal), and 41.2% and 15.7% for more severe (at least abnormal) symptomology. Regression analyses with the total HADS score as a dependent variable revealed significant (p < 0.05) associations with female gender, moderate and poor health status, infrequent physical exercising, smoking, having had regrets about one’s profession because of the pandemic and associated experiences, not updating on the latest COVID-19-related research, experiencing discrimination in the workplace, and facing social problems due to working in a lab or hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions Symptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The findings suggest a need for screening for mental health concerns, and employing early intervention to help these individuals.

scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Health among Back-To-School Students in Wuhan: The Moderation Effect of Social Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Lijun Zhuo ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
Hong Le ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Ling Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional

The current wave and future trend of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered public uncertainty, causing unbearable psychological pressure on people. A cross-sectional online questionnaire was conducted among back-to-school students in Wuhan from 31 August 2020, to 14 September 2020, by using convenience sampling. A total of 1017 participants voluntarily provided sociodemographic characteristics and accomplished the following scales: the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), the Social Support Scale (SSQ), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7). Results revealed that the levels of anxiety, depression, and insomnia were moderate, moderate and subthreshold, respectively. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated that those with different attitudes toward the trajectory of the COVID-19 epidemic in China showed significantly different results in anxiety and depression (p < 0.001). Moderation modeling implicated that social support significantly moderated the predictive relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mental health variables including anxiety and depression, but failed on insomnia. Findings indicate that back-to-school students in Wuhan experience mental health problems and improving social support measures could buffer the effect of intolerance of uncertainty with respect to COVID-19 on mental health.

scholarly journals Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge, Precaution Practice, and Associated Depression Symptoms among University Students in Korea, China, and Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Fanlei Kong ◽  
Myo Nyein Aung ◽  
Motoyuki Yuasa ◽  
Eun Woo Nam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Depressive States

This study assessed university students’ knowledge and precaution practices of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in South Korea, China, and Japan, and investigated their depressive states during the pandemic. This cross-sectional survey collected data from 821 respondents, using an anonymous online questionnaire designed by the Yonsei Global Health Center, from 23 March to 20 April 2020, which included socio-demographic questions, knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19, preventative practices, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale to assess mental health. High proportions of respondents showed good knowledge of the transmission pathways and information related to COVID-19. Contact history as well as concerns about family members and the disease showed statistically significant distinctions by nationality and gender. On the whole, all participants reported good levels of preventative practices. The Chinese group reported the highest preventative practice scores; and females scored higher than males. Moreover, the Japanese group showed the most severe depressive states; overall, females experienced more severe depression than males. Thus, authorities should especially emphasize the importance of COVID-19 precautions to males. Educational departments and health authorities should observe the mental health of university adults during the pandemic and plan interventions to improve it.

scholarly journals A study to screen infertile couples for psychological problems by using the perceived stress scale, brief COPE scale and hospital anxiety and depression scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Vikas Singh ◽  
Yogesh Rajesh Bhirud ◽  
Prasad Lele ◽  
Santosh Bhagasra
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Infertile Couples

Background: Infertility refers to the biological inability of a couple to contribute towards conception, or the state of a woman, who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. Though infertility is not only a disease per se it embraces a wide spectrum, but its treatment also affects all aspects of people’s lives. Aim of the study was to screen infertile couples for psychological problems, and to identify various psychological problems and factors associated with these problems.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with total of 270 consecutive couples (patients) either of them diagnosed with infertility. All the patients who were found to have anxiety and depression score above seven were then interviewed by the psychiatrist for anxiety and depression.Results: Mean age of the males and females was 32.2 years and 29.7 years, respectively. Duration of marriage was less than five years in 37% couples while it was more than ten years in 19.6% couples. The major cause of infertility was identified in about two-thirds of the cases (64.1%). Prevalence of anxiety was observed in 49.6% females and 45.6% of males. Prevalence of depression was significantly higher among females (41.9%) as compared to males (37%).Conclusions: The present study has endeavored to draw attention to the interrelation of anxiety and depression among infertile couples. Apart from searching for the gynecological causes of infertility; psychological morbidity should be considered as a serious concern affecting these women. 

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