Evaluation of resistance of rice genotypes (derived from the cross between HKR-127 and IRBB-60) against bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Rice crop is susceptible to various bacterial diseases and one such commonly known disease is Bacterial Blight (BB) caused by the pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Rice variety HKR-127 is widely accepted by rice farmers, users and buyers in Haryana (India) owing to its high agricultural produce, medium lanky grains, and outstanding cooking characteristics, however, HKR-127 exhibits less endurance to BB. The aim of the study conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University was to investigate the genetic potential of BC3F2 and BC3F3 pyramided rice genotypes (cross HKR-127 x IRBB -60) having resistance genes (Xa21, xa13, and xa5). These genotypes were tested for virulence against BB under artificial conditions using Clip method of artificial inoculation. On average, five leaves per plant were inoculated and visually scored after 14 days. Disease reaction rating was done on a 0-9 scale of the standard evaluation system (SES) for rice. Rice genotypes with all the three genes exhibited relatively low mean lesion length compared to single or double combinations thus establishing higher resistance of threegene genotypes to BB. The lines obtained in our study can be used as genetic resources for BB resistance in breeding programs that will be paving the way for an environmentally-friendly means to achieve a better disease management. Moreover, the success will facilitate future efforts to transfer combinations of BB resistance genes into other preferred rice cultivars.

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Introgression of Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in the Rice Cultivar Ciherang: Response against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in the F6 Generation

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2048

Author(s):

Priya Lal Biswas ◽

Ujjal Kumar Nath ◽

Sharmistha Ghosal ◽

Gayatri Goswami ◽

Md. Shalim Uddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Single Gene ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Broad Spectrum Resistance

Bacterial blight (BB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and is one of the most important diseases in rice. It results in significantly reduced productivity throughout all rice-growing regions of the world. Four BB resistance genes have been reported; however, introgression of a single gene into rice has not been able to sufficiently protect rice against BB infection. Pyramiding of effective BB resistance genes (i.e., Xa genes) into background varieties is a potential approach to controlling BB infection. In this study, combinations of four BB resistance genes, Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21, were pyramided into populations. The populations were derived from crossing Ciherang (a widespread Indonesian rice variety) with IRBB60 (resistance to BB). Promising recombinants from the F6 generation were identified by scoring the phenotype against three virulent bacterial strains, C5, P6, and V, which cause widespread BB infection in most rice-growing countries. Pyramiding of genes for BB resistance in 265 recombinant introgressed lines (RILs) were confirmed through marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the F5 and F6 generations using gene-specific primers. Of these 265 RILs, 11, 34 and 45 lines had four, three, or two BB resistance genes, respectively. The RILs had pyramiding of two or three resistance genes, with the Xa4 resistance gene showing broad spectrum resistance against Xoo races with higher agronomic performance compared to their donor and recipients parents. The developed BB-resistant RILs have high yield potential to be further developed for cultivation or as sources of BB resistance donor material for varietal improvement in other rice lines.

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Cloning of the rice Xo1 resistance gene and interaction of the Xo1 protein with the defense-suppressing Xanthomonas effector Tal2h

10.1101/2020.05.26.116731 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew C. Read ◽

Mathilde Hutin ◽

Matthew J. Moscou ◽

Fabio C. Rinaldi ◽

Adam J. Bogdanove

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Susceptible Variety ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Physical Interaction ◽

Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽

Transcription Activator ◽

Rice Leaves

AbstractThe Xo1 locus in the heirloom rice variety Carolina Gold Select confers resistance to bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pvs. oryzicola and oryzae, respectively. Resistance is triggered by pathogen-delivered transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) independent of their ability to activate transcription, and is suppressed by variants called truncTALEs common among Asian strains. By transformation of the susceptible variety Nipponbare, we show that one of 14 nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein genes at the locus, with a zfBED domain, is the Xo1 gene. Analyses of published transcriptomes revealed that the Xo1-mediated response is similar to those of NLR resistance genes Pia and Rxo1 and distinct from that associated with induction of the executor resistance gene Xa23, and that a truncTALE dampens or abolishes activation of defense-associated genes by Xo1. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, fluorescently-tagged Xo1 protein, like TALEs and truncTALEs, localized to the nucleus. And, endogenous Xo1 specifically co-immunoprecipitated from rice leaves with a pathogen-delivered, epitope-tagged truncTALE. These observations suggest that suppression of Xo1-function by truncTALEs occurs through direct or indirect physical interaction. They further suggest that effector co-immunoprecipitation may be effective for identifying or characterizing other resistance genes.

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Genetic diversity analysis in indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae) using resistance genes linked markers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-217763/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Khannetah K. R . ◽

Ramchander S. ◽

Andrew Peter Leon M. T ◽

Shobha D. ◽

Saravanan S. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Lesion Length ◽

R Genes ◽

Leaf Clipping ◽

Moderately Resistant

Abstract Among rice ( Oryza sativa L.) diseases, bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryza pv. Oryzae , plays a pivotal role in decreasing rice yield. BB is reported to be the most serious constraint to improving rice yield. The present investigation assessed the potentiality of bacterial blight resistance and molecular characterization of 100 rice accessions for four major BB resistance genes, viz., Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21 . Disease screening was carried out under glasshouse conditions using a BB culture isolated from BB-infected rice fields through the leaf clipping method. Analyses of 13 BB resistance genes linked with polymorphic microsatellites markers indicated the presence of single-, two-, three- and four-gene combinations of xa5, xa13, Xa4 and Xa21 . We found four accessions to be resistant; 34 accessions to be moderately resistant; 49 accessions to be moderately susceptible and 13 accessions to be susceptible. Among the resistant lines, IR12L110, Namcheonbyeo, Dhalaheera and SahbhagiDhan recorded a minimum lesion length of 3.7cm, 4.2cm, 4.67cm and 8.3 cm, respectively. Phylogenetic tree, constructed using molecular data, grouped the rice germplasm into four major clusters. R genes xa 5 and Xa4 contributed 14 positive compatible R genes, each belonging to 28 germplasm for BB resistance. The potential genetic resources identified as resistant to BB can be used as donors for the improvement of rice BB resistance in rice breeding programs.

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Marker assisted introgression of bacterial blight resistant gene into submergence tolerance rice variety BRRI dhan52

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v42i3.34499 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 403-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ME Kabir ◽

KM Iftekharuddaula ◽

MAI Khan ◽

MAK Mian ◽

NA Ivy

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Flash Flood ◽

Rice Variety ◽

High Yield ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Resistant Gene ◽

Rainfed Lowland ◽

Elite Breeding Lines

BRRI dhan52 is a uniquire submergence tolerant rice variety containing prominant genetic background of BR11, a mega rainfed lowland rice (RLR) variety of Bangladesh, but is susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The variety is considerably popular in the southern part of Bangladesh due to its high yield in flash flood condition and comparatvely medium slender grain. Molecular markers linked to BB resistance genes (Xa genes) and submergence QTL (SUB1) were utilized in a marker-aided selection program to develop elite breeding lines with broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight. Sequence tagged site (STS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were essentially used to detect the genes for BB and submergence as well. In backcross generation, markers closely linked to Xa21 and SUB1 QTL were used to select desirable plants possessing these resistance genes (foreground selection) and microsatellite markers polymorphic between donor and recurrent parent were also used to select plants that have maximum contribution from the recurrent parent genome (background selection). In BC1F1 generation, three best plants consiquently were selected from previously selected ten double heterozygous (Xa21 and SUB1 QTL) plants. The percentage of recipient genome recovery in the best plant 1, 2 and 3 were 78.7%, 75.83% and 75.4%, respectively. Eventually this work illustrates the successful application of marker-assisted breeding for introgression of bacterial blight resistant gene into a rice variety of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 403-411, September 2017

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Improvement of bacterial blight resistance of the popular variety, Nellore Mahsuri, NLR34449 through marker-assisted breeding

10.21203/rs.3.rs-66828/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aleena D ◽

Padma V ◽

Rekha G ◽

Dilip T ◽

Punniakotti E ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Bacterial Blight Resistance ◽

Marker Assisted Breeding ◽

Fine Grain ◽

High Level ◽

Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Abstract To combat the dreaded diseases in rice like bacterial blight and blast, host plant resistance has been advocated as a sustainable method. Through the present study, we have successfully incorporated three major bacterial blight (BB) resistance genes viz., Xa21, xa13 and xa5 into NLR3449, a high yielding, blast resistant, fine-grain type popular rice variety through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Foreground selection was carried out using PCR based, gene-specific markers viz., pTA248 (Xa21), xa13prom (xa13) and xa5FM (xa5) at each generation of backcrossing, while 127 polymorphic SSR markers spanning on 12 chromosomes were used for background selection and backcrossing was limited to two rounds. At BC2F1 generation, a single plant (NLR-87-10) with 89.9% recovery and possessing all the three bacterial blight resistance genes was forwarded to BC2F2 generation. A solitary BC2F2 plant viz., NLR-87-10-106 possessing all the three resistance genes and > 90% genome recovery was identified and advanced through selfing till BC2F4 generation by adopting pedigree method. Three best lines at BC2F4 lines, possessing high level of resistance against bacterial blight and blast and equivalent or superior to NLR 34449 in terms of yield, grain quality and agro-morphological traits have been identified and advanced for multi-location trials.

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Antagonistic activity of rice rhizosphere isolates against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae bacterial blight pathogen

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2021.22325 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 211-215

Author(s):

Yamini sousheel N. ◽

Bharati Narayan Bhat ◽

Gouri Shankar Laha ◽

S. Triveni

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Blight ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Lesion Length ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽

Rice Rhizosphere ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Bacterial Blight Pathogen

Attempts were made to isolate beneficial bio agents from rice rhizosphere which resulted in isolation of 46 Bacillus spp and 15 fluorescent Pseudomonas spp which were further investigated for their potential aginst BB of rice diseaseAmong twenty six isolates of Bacillus, two isolates were most antagonistic and showed highest inhibition percentage (57.09) The potential isolates of Pseudomonas (P-4, P-5, P-6, P-7 and P-8), Bacillus (ARI 1-2, ARI 2-4, ARI 1-3, D1-1-2 and D2-1-1) were tested in vivo under glass house conditions for antagonism against Xoo which revealed that P-7 was effective in reduction of lesion length (18.5cm) when compared to control (20.37cm). The potential isolates of Pseudomonas (P-4, P-5, P-6, P-7 and P-8), Bacillus (ARI 1-2, ARI 2-4, ARI 1-3, D1-1-2 and D2-1-1) were tested in vivo under glass house conditions for antagonism against Xoo which revealed that P-7 was effective in reduction of lesion length (18.5cm) when compared to control (20.37cm). The present study indicated that PGPR isolates P-4, P-6, P-7 and P-8 can be used as biofertilizers, which will add up for enhanced growth of rice.

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Mutagenesis of 18 Type III Effectors Reveals Virulence Function of XopZPXO99 in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-23-7-0893 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 893-902 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Congfeng Song ◽

Bing Yang

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Blight ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Host Cells ◽

Lesion Length ◽

Transcription Activator ◽

Tal Effectors ◽

Type Iii ◽

Effector Genes ◽

Acid Protein ◽

Bacterial Blight Of Rice

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae depends on a type III secretion system (T3SS) to translocate effectors into host cells for its ability to cause bacterial blight of rice. All type III (T3) effectors with known function in X. oryzae pv. oryzae belong to a family of transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors. However, other, non–TAL-related effector genes are present in the genome, although their role in virulence and their mode of action have yet to be elucidated. Here, we report the generation of mutants for 18 non-TAL T3 effector genes and the identification of one that contributes to the virulence of strain PXO99A. XopZPXO99 encodes a predicted 1,414-amino-acid protein of unknown function. PXO99A contains two identical copies of the gene due to a duplication of 212 kb in the genome. Strains with knockout mutations of one copy of XopZPXO99 did not exhibit any visible virulence defect. However, strains with mutations in both copies of XopZPXO99 displayed reduced virulence in terms of lesion length and bacterial multiplication compared with PXO99A. The introduction of one genomic copy of XopZPXO99 restores the mutant to full virulence. Transient expression of XopZPXO99 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves suppresses host basal defense, which is otherwise induced by a T3SS mutant of PXO99A, suggesting a role for XopZPXO99 in interfering with host innate immunity during X. oryzae pv. oryzae infection. XopZPXO99-related genes are found in all Xanthomonas spp. whose genomic sequences have been determined, suggesting a conserved role for this type of effector gene in pathogenesis of Xanthomonas spp. Our results indicate that XopZPXO99 encodes a novel T3 effector and contributes virulence to X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains for bacterial blight of rice.

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Screening of Restorable WA-CMS Rice Genotypes for Bacterial Blight (BB) Resistance

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i1230662 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Surabhi Sinha ◽

Sweta Sinha ◽

Mankesh Kumar ◽

Suresh Prasad Singh ◽

Anand Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Bacterial Blight Resistance ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Resistant Genes ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Parental Material ◽

Rice Genotypes

Aim: To screen and evaluate rice genotypes which were found to be having restorability for WA-CMS cytoplasm for their further use in the hybrid breeding program. Study Design: Laboratory-experimental design was used in the study. Place and Duration of the Study: The genotypes used in the study were comprised of promising lines from various experiments, local varieties and landraces, etc. The study was conducted during June 2017 to May 2018. Methodology: In the present study, 55 rice lines which were found to have restorable capacity for WA-CMS system were screened for 4 Bacterial Blight resistance genes viz. Xa4, xa5, xa13, Xa21, against most prevalent races of the pathogen throughout the country, using PCR based molecular markers namely, MP1+MP2, xa5 multiplex, xa13 prom and pTA248, respectively. Results: Bacterial Blight (BB) is considered to be one of the most important diseases of the rice crop. As hybrids are one of the most viable options to increase rice yields, the parental material used for the development of hybrids, must be having genes which show resistance against BB. Out of 55 restorer lines, 43 genotypes amplified for Xa4, 7 genotypes namely R. Bhagwati, IRBB5-9, Narendra Usar Dhan 3, Pratikhya, IR 88964-24-2-1-4, IR 94314-20-2-1B, HHZ 5-DT8-DT1-Y1 showed positive bands for xa5, 3 genotypes namely PAU 3220, N. Usar Dhan 3 and Pratikhya showed positive bands for xa13. However, only one genotype namely Pratikhya amplified for Xa21. In combinations, Narendra Usar Dhan 3 amplified for xa5 and xa13. Pratikhya was the only genotype found to have all 4 BB (Xa4, xa5, xa13, Xa21) resistance genes under consideration. Conclusion: Genotypes having different BB resistant genes in combinations along with good capability of restoration for prevalent WA-CMS system can further be used as male parent in the hybrid breeding programme for development of BB resistant hybrids.

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A strain of an emerging Indian pathotype of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae defeats the rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa13 without inducing a clade III SWEET gene and is nearly identical to a recent Thai isolate

10.1101/384289 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sara C. D. Carpenter ◽

Prashant Mishra ◽

Chandrika Ghoshal ◽

Prasanta Dash ◽

Li Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Transcription Activator ◽

Rice Bacterial Blight ◽

Indian Strain ◽

Bacterial Blight Pathogen ◽

Insight Into ◽

S Genes

AbstractThe rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) injects transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind and activate host ‘susceptibility’ (S) genes important for disease. Clade III SWEET genes are major S genes for bacterial blight. The resistance genes xa5, which reduces TALE activity generally, and xa13, a SWEET11 allele not recognized by the cognate TALE, have been effectively deployed. However, strains that defeat both resistance genes individually were recently reported in India and Thailand. To gain insight into the mechanism(s), we completely sequenced the genome of one such strain from each country and examined the encoded TALEs. Strikingly, the two strains are clones, sharing nearly identical TALE repertoires, including a TALE known to activate SWEET11 strongly enough to be effective even when diminished by xa5. We next investigated SWEET gene induction by the Indian strain. The Indian strain induced no clade III SWEET in plants harbouring xa13, indicating a pathogen adaptation that relieves dependence on these genes for susceptibility. The findings open a door to mechanistic understanding of the role SWEET genes play in susceptibility and illustrate the importance of complete genome sequence-based monitoring of Xoo populations in developing varieties with effective disease resistance.

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Occurrence of a Subpopulation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae with Virulence to Rice Cv. IRBB21 (Xa21) in Southern India

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.8.781b ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (8) ◽

pp. 781-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. Brindha Priyadarisini ◽

S. S. Gnanamanickam

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Blight ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Southern India ◽

Lesion Length ◽

Research Station ◽

Cornell University ◽

Bacterial Blight Pathogen ◽

Kerala State

About 200 isolates of the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were obtained from infected rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaf samples from the Palghat District of Kerala State in southern India during January and February, 1998, when there was a severe epidemic of bacterial blight in the farmers' fields. One hundred and forty of these isolates were assayed for pathogenicity on rice cv. IR24 (no R gene), IRBB21 (Xa21), and NH56 (Xa4+xa5+xa13+Xa21) at their maximum tillering stage by the standard clip-inoculation technique (1) at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (Kerala Agricultural University), Pattambi. In two separate experiments, all the isolates were found to be pathogenic to IR24, producing lesions greater than 10 cm in length. None of the isolates induced susceptible symptoms on cv. NH56 and the average lesion length was less than 2 cm. Twenty of the 140 isolates, however, showed virulence to IRBB21 (seeds supplied by S. R. McCouch, Cornell University, and by P. Ronald, University of California-Davis) and induced lesions of 10.0 to 18.0 cm. We report here the presence of Indian races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae that are virulent to IRBB21 (Xa21), contradicting an earlier report of avirulence (2). These results suggest that the deployment of Xa21 alone will not be a sound strategy for the management of bacterial blight in southern India. References: (1) S. S. Gnanamanickam et al. Plant Dis. 78:173, 1994. (2) G.-L.Wang et al. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 9:850, 1996.

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