Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding in Patients with COVID-19 was Associated with Delayed Initiation of Arbidol Treatment: a retrospective cohort study

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate the risk factors of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding and the impact of arbidol treatment on SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding.MethodsData were retrospective collected from adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan Union Hospital. We described the clinical features and SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding of patients with COVID-19 and evaluated factors associated with prolonged virus shedding by multivariate regression analysis.ResultsAmong 238 patients, the median age was 55.5 years, 57.1% were female, 92.9% (221/238) used arbidol, 58.4% (139/238) used arbidol combination with interferon. The median time from illness onset to start arbidol was 8 days (IQR, 5-14 days) and the median duration of SARS-CoV-2 virus shedding was 23 days (IQR, 17.8–30 days). SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance was significantly delayed in patients who received arbidol >7 days after illness onset, compared with those in whom arbidol treatment was started≤7 days after illness onset (HR, 1.738 [95% CI, 1.339–2.257], P < .001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that prolonged viral shedding was significantly associated with initiation arbidol more than seven days after symptom onset (OR 2.078, 95% CI [1.114-3.876], P .004), more than 7 days from onset of symptoms to first medical visitation (OR 3.321, 95% CI[1.559-7.073], P .002), illness onset before Jan.31, 2020 (OR 3.223, 95% CI[1.450-7.163], P .021). Arbidol combination with interferon was also significantly associated with shorter virus shedding (OR .402, 95% CI[.206-.787], P .008).ConclusionsEarly initiation of arbidol and arbidol combination with interferon as well as consulting doctor timely after illness onset were helpful for SARS-CoV-2 clearance.

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Factors Associated With Noninfectious Fever After Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Journal of Endovascular Therapy ◽

10.1177/15266028211065966 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152660282110659

Author(s):

Petroula Nana ◽

Konstantinos Spanos ◽

Konstantinos Dakis ◽

Christos Karathanos ◽

George Kouvelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Aortic Aneurysm ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Graft Material ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Mean ◽

Aneurysm Repair ◽

The Impact ◽

Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Purpose: The post–endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) inflammatory response, which is very often associated with fever, has been ascribed to a wide range of proinflammatory mediators and operative events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of such factors in the development of fever of noninfectious origin after elective EVAR. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients treated with standard elective EVAR between February 2017 and December 2020 was undertaken. The database included patients’ demographics and comorbidities, as well as laboratory inflammatory markers (white blood cell count, neutrophils, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and anatomical characteristics (sac diameter, inferior mesenteric artery [IMA] patency and diameter, number of patent lumbar arteries, internal iliac artery [IIA] patency or occlusion). Intraoperative details, such as type of stent graft material and IIA overstenting, were also analyzed. Patients with infectious postoperative complications or previously receiving systemic anti-inflammatory medication were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0 for Windows software (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York). Results: From 332 patients treated with elective EVAR between 2017 and 2020, 268 patients (all men) were included in the analysis. The mean age was 72.1±7.5 years and the mean aneurysm diameter was 59.1±12.1 mm. Seventeen patients were excluded due to a known infection site. From the study cohort, 114 (42.5%) patients presented with fever. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that the occlusion of IMA ≥5 mm (p<0.008) and higher CRP (p<0.001) were independent factors associated with postoperative fever. A subanalysis was performed only on patients with patent IMA before EVAR. In the multivariate regression analysis of this subgroup, IMA ≥5 mm (p=0.008), presence of dyslipidemia (p=0.037), and higher CRP (p<0.001) were related to fever. Conclusion: Occlusion of an existing wide (≥5 mm) and patent IMA prior to EVAR may contribute to the development of post-EVAR pyrexia. The CRP is a reliable marker for post-EVAR fever. Further prospective studies are needed to corroborate these findings.

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Patient-Related Risk Factors Associated With Surgical Site Complications After Elective Hand Surgery

Hand ◽

10.1177/1558944720944260 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 155894472094426

Author(s):

Tyler Youngman ◽

Michael Del Core ◽

Timothy Benage ◽

Daniel Koehler ◽

Douglas Sammer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Surgical Complications ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Hand Surgery ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Class Iii ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Surgical Site Complications

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify independent risk factors associated with an increased rate of surgical site complications after elective hand surgery. Methods: This study is a retrospective review of all patients who underwent elective hand, wrist, forearm, and elbow surgery over a 10-year period at a single institution. Electronic medical records were reviewed, and information regarding patient demographics, past medical and social history, perioperative laboratory values, procedures performed, and surgical complications was collected. Surgical site complications included surgical site infections, seromas or hematomas, and delayed wound healing or wound dehiscence. A univariate analysis was then performed to identify potential risk factors, which were then included in a multivariate regression analysis. Results: A total of 3261 patients who underwent elective hand surgery and met the above inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The mean age was 57 years, with 65% female and 35% male patients. The overall surgical complication rate was 2.2%. Univariate analysis of patient factors identified male sex; number of procedures >1; history of drug, alcohol, or smoking use; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III and IV; and serum albumin <3.5 mg/dL to be significantly associated with complications. However, multivariate regression analysis identified that only ASA class III and IV (odds ratio = 3.27) was significantly associated with surgical complications. Conclusions: Patients classified as ASA class III or IV were identified to be at a significantly increased risk of complications following elective hand surgery. Health factors which triage patients into these 2 groups may represent potentially modifiable factors to mitigate perioperative risk in the elective hand surgery population.

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Disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in an underserved population

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6569 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 6569-6569

Author(s):

A. Y. Lin ◽

N. Kouzminova ◽

T. Lu

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Inner City ◽

Survival Benefit ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Underserved Population ◽

Insurance Status ◽

Crc Screening ◽

Factors Associated

6569 Background: CRC is a common, potentially lethal, yet preventable disease. Screening tests for CRC are known to reduce the rate of death by detecting early cancer. To evaluate factors associated with the practice and impact of CRC screening, we reviewed a decade of CRC patients treated at an inner-city hospital. Methods: Under an IRB-approved protocol, data, including demographics, stage at diagnosis, utilization of screening tests, and insurance status, were obtained from CRC patients, at age 50 or above at diagnosis, treated between 1994 and 2004 at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, a public hospital in the Silicon Valley. Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate factors associated with screening and its outcome. Results: We identified 331 cases of CRC patients who met the study criteria, with 50.5% (167) male and 49.5% (164) female patients. By ethnicity 36.6% (121) of the patients were Asian, 3.6% (12) Black, 22.8% (72) Hispanic, 37.8% (125) white, and 0.3% (1) other ethnicity. Only 5.7% (19) of the patients had been diagnosed by a screening colonoscopy, and 5.4% (18) of the patients had screening fecal occult blood test (FOBT). As a result, 9.4% (31) patients were diagnosed after either a positive colonoscopy or FOBT. Their stage distribution is presented in the table below. There was no association between the screening practice and gender, age, race or insurance status in this cohort. CRC diagnosed by screening test was significantly associated with survival benefit (p<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that survival was significantly associated with stage (p<0.05) and Hispanic race (p<0.01); but not screening test or insurance status. Conclusions: In this underserved population, even with a low rate of screening tests, screening for CRC is associated with earlier stage of CRC presentation which has been linked with survival benefit. Further studies are needed to identify barriers to CRC screening in this inner-city population. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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The Impact of Basel III Capital Regulation on Credit Risk: A Hybrid Model

International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) ◽

10.20525/ijfbs.v9i2.722 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 56-71

Author(s):

NADIM ANASS ALFOUHAILI ◽

Frédéric GAUTIER ◽

Iyad ZAAROUR

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Credit Risk ◽

Hybrid Model ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Capital Regulation ◽

Basel Iii ◽

Spearman Correlation ◽

Spearman Correlation Test ◽

The Impact

This research examined the impact of Basel III capital regulation (BCR) on credit risk (CR) using a sample of 25 commercial banks in Lebanon over the period 2012–2017. BCR is measured using the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and the common equity tier one ratio (CET1 ratio), CR is measured using net provision for credit losses /total assets. To analyze the data, we constructed a hybrid model based on 3 statistical approaches. First, we modelled the dual impact of BCR and CR using probabilistic inference in the framework of Bayesian Belief Network formalism (BBN). Second, to highlight more about the correlation between BCR and CR, we used Spearman correlation test as a nonparametric approach. Third to study the simultaneous effect of CAR and CET1 ratio on CR we applied multivariate regression analysis. By analyzing the probabilistic inference for the first approach we concluded that there is an effect of BCR on CR especially for the high level of CET1 ratio, but when we investigated more if this effect is significant using the Spearman correlation test and the multivariate regression analysis, we concluded that there is no effect statistically significant of Basel III capital regulation (BCR) on credit risk (CR).

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Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation on Management and Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society ◽

10.1093/jpids/piaa155 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robert C Duguid ◽

Mohammed Al Reesi ◽

Adam W Bartlett ◽

Pamela Palasanthiran ◽

Brendan J McMullan

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Complete Response ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Source Control ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽

Infectious Diseases Consultation ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background To examine the impact of infectious diseases consultation (IDC) on the management and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in children. Methods A retrospective cohort study of children with SAB at a teritary pediatric hospital (January 2009-June 2015) identified by medical record review as to whether they received an IDC for SAB at the discretion of the admitting physician or surgeon was conducted. Differences in management and outcomes for those with and without IDC were evaluated, and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with cure. Results There were 100 patients included in the analysis. Fifty-five patients received IDC and 45 had no IDC (NIDC). Appropriate directed therapy within 24 hours (54/55 = 98.2% vs 34/45 = 75.6%, P < .01), choice (54/55 = 98.2% vs 37/45 = 82.2%, P < .01), dose (54/55 = 98.2% vs 36/45 = 80%, P < .01), and duration (52/55 = 94.5% vs 24/45 = 53.3%, P < .01) of directed antibiotic therapy were appropriate in more IDC group patients. Achievement of source control in indicated cases was also more common in the IDC group (28/32 = 87.5% vs 5/26 = 19.1%, P < .01). Appropriate investigation with repeat blood cultures and echocardiograms was not significantly different. All 55 patients in the IDC group had a complete response (cure) compared with 40 of the 45 (88.9%) patients in the NIDC group: 2 patients died and 3 patients had a relapse of infection with subsequent cure. In multivariate regression analysis, methicillin-susceptible SAB and IDC were factors independently associated with cure. Conclusions Children who received IDC for SAB in a tertiary pediatric setting were more likely to have appropriate investigations and management and had improved outcomes.

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Abstract 2457: Atrial Fibrillation is Associated with Severe Sleep Disordered Breathing TIA and Stroke Patients

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a2457 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kensaku Shibazaki ◽

Kazumi Kimura ◽

Junichi Uemura ◽

Kenichiro Sakai ◽

Shuichi Fuii

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Sleep Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Disordered Breathing

Background and Purpose Sleep disordered breathing (SBD) was reported to be a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. We investigated the frequency of SDB in Japanese patients with acute transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke and the factors associated with severe SDB in Japan. Methods Between May 2010 and April 2011, we prospectively enrolled TIA and stroke patients within 24 hours of onset and performed sleep study up to 7 days after admission. SBD was defined as respiratory disturbance index (RDI: apnea or hypopnea event per hour) ≥5. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the RDI value as follows: ≥30(severe) and <30(none or non-severe). We demonstrated the frequency of SDB and the factors associated with severe SDB were investigated by multivariate regression analysis. Results A total of 150 patients (92 males; mean age, 72.8 years) were enrolled in this study; 28 had TIA and 122 had stroke. The mean time from admission to sleep study was 4 days. Mean RDI was 22.2±17.6. SDB was observed in 126(84%) patients. Frequencies of SDB were as follows: 21(75%) patients in TIA, 105(86%) in stroke [8/10(80%) in large artery atherosclerosis, 14/14(100%) in small vessel occlusion, 37/41(90%) in cardioembolism, 46/57(81%) in other cause of stroke/undetermined]. Severe SDB was observed in 44 (29%) patients; 21% in TIA and 31% in stroke. Frequencies of male (75% for the severe SDB group vs. 56% for the non-severe SDB group, p=0.027), atrial fibrillation (39% vs. 23%, p=0.045), body mass index (23.8±3.8 vs. 22.3±3.8, p=0.043), and neck circumference (37.8±4.3 vs. 35.8±4.2, p=0.012) were significantly higher in the severe SDB than in the non-severe SDB. Metabolic syndrome (36% vs. 21%, p=0.057) and waist circumference (88.9±9.8 vs. 85.5±9.3, p=0.080) showed a tendency toward higher in the severe SDB group than in the non-severe SDB group. There were no significant differences in age, prior stroke, vascular risk factors, Glasgow Coma Scale, and NIHSS score on admission. On multivariate regression analysis, atrial fibrillation (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.079-5.836, p=0.0326) was found to be independently associated with severe SDB. Conclusions Most Japanese patients with acute TIA and stroke had SDB, and the presence of atrial fibrillation was associated with severe SDB.

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Do IPO Certification Mechanisms Work? Empirical Evidence from India

Global Business Review ◽

10.1177/09721509211019707 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097215092110197

Author(s):

B. S. Mahalakshmi ◽

Juhi Gupta ◽

Smita Kashiramka ◽

P. K. Jain

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Information Asymmetry ◽

Initial Public Offerings ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Fair Value ◽

Individual Investors ◽

Public Offerings ◽

Two Factors ◽

The Impact

In initial public offerings (IPOs), underpricing refers to pricing the issue at a price lower than its fair value which results in the listing price being much higher than the issue price. This higher information asymmetry results in more underpricing. To reduce such asymmetry, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) introduced IPO grading and anchor investor participation in India. This article aims to assess the impact of these two factors on the underpricing of Indian IPOs over 2007–2017. This study uses multivariate regression analysis to compare the impact of graded versus ungraded IPOs and of anchor-backed versus non-anchor backed IPOs on underpricing; it finds that IPO grading and anchor investment do not have a significant overall impact on underpricing. These results justify the scrapping of mandatory IPO grading. Although insignificant, IPO grading has a greater influence on underpricing than anchor investor participation. Furthermore, the current study also analyses the subscription patterns of qualified institutional buyers (QIBs), non-institutional investors (NIIs) and retail individual investors (RIIs) and their influence on one another. Accordingly, it reveals that QIB subscription influences both NII and RII subscriptions.

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The impact of corporate governance on firm performance in the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector

Corporate Ownership and Control ◽

10.22495/cocv12i4c7p8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 779-790

Author(s):

Patience Siwadi ◽

Collins Miruka ◽

Florence Achieng Ogutu

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Firm Performance ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Independent Directors ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Board Structure ◽

The Impact

Corporate governance studies in Zimbabwe have concentrated on existence of frameworks that control firms. This study focused on the corporate governance factors that are associated with firm performance in the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector. We investigated a sample of 88 companies which were operating at least 80% capacity from 2009 to 2012.Using Return on Assetst (ROA) as a measure of performance and the dependent variable, and 14 corporate governance proxies encompassing board structure, board composition and board procedures as the independent variables, a bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed. The results indicated that shareholder concentration, proportion of independent directors, board tenure and access to financial statements are positive and significant to firm performance in the bivariate analysis. On the multivariate regression analysis however, independent directors was positive but not significant. Researchers have not been able to agree on these factors and since corporate governance is largely endogenously determined it can be concluded that factors are influenced by country effects. Thus further studies focusing on similar countries need to be undertaken.

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Antibody Response to Canine Adenovirus-2 Virus Vaccination in Healthy Adult Dogs

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12101198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1198

Author(s):

Michèle Bergmann ◽

Monika Freisl ◽

Yury Zablotski ◽

Stephanie Speck ◽

Uwe Truyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Antibody Response ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Exact Test ◽

Virus Vaccination ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Vaccination Response

Background: Re-vaccination against canine adenovirus (CAV) is performed in ≤3-year-intervals but their necessity is unknown. The study determined anti-CAV antibodies within 28 days of re-vaccination and factors associated with the absence of antibodies and vaccination response. Methods: Ninety-seven healthy adult dogs (last vaccination ≥12 months) were re-vaccinated with a modified live CAV-2 vaccine. Anti-CAV antibodies were measured before vaccination (day 0), and after re-vaccination (day 7, 28) by virus neutralization. A ≥4-fold titer increase was defined as vaccination response. Fisher’s exact test and multivariate regression analysis were performed to determine factors associated with the absence of antibodies and vaccination response. Results: Totally, 87% of dogs (90/97; 95% CI: 85.61–96.70) had anti-CAV antibodies (≥10) before re-vaccination. Vaccination response was observed in 6% of dogs (6/97; 95% CI: 2.60–13.11). Time since last vaccination (>3–5 years, OR = 9.375, p = 0.020; >5 years, OR= 25.000, p = 0.006) was associated with a lack of antibodies. Dogs from urban areas were more likely to respond to vaccination (p = 0.037). Conclusion: Many dogs had anti-CAV pre-vaccination antibodies, even those with an incomplete vaccination series. Most dogs did not respond to re-vaccination. Based on this study, dogs should be re-vaccinated every 3 years or antibodies should be determined.

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Risk factors for progression of solitary plasmacytoma of bone to multiple myeloma in the spine: A population-based study

10.21203/rs.2.17500/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lin Xie ◽

Hongli Wang ◽

Jianyuan Jiang ◽

Chaojun Zheng

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Solitary Plasmacytoma ◽

Aged Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Risk Of Progression

Abstract Background: Spine SBP is a primary spinal malignant tumor. Risk factors associated with progression of solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP) to multiple myeloma in spine remains unknown. This study therefore aimed to identify the risk factors associated with progression of solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SBP) to multiple myeloma in the spine.Methods: Data of 1543 patients diagnosed with spine SBP between 1992 and 2013 was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for analysis. Risk factors associated with progression of SBP to multiple myeloma (MM) were then identified using univariate and multivariate regression analysis methods.Results: Out of the 1543 patients diagnosed with spine SBP, 659 of them progressed to MM. The overall rate of progression to MM was 42.51%. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, race, gender and chemotherapy were independent risk factors associated with SBP progression to MM.Conclusion: Old aged patients, patients belonging to the white race, female patients and those undergoing chemotherapy were identified to be at a high risk of progression to MM. This information will assist clinicians in evaluating patients’ risk of SBP progression to MM at the point of diagnosis and advise them accordingly.

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