scholarly journals Investigating peripubertal stress and exogenous corticosterone as endogenous stimulators of brain metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Just
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
As Stress ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractSubstantial research on the association between early-life stress and its long-lasting impact on lifetime mental health has been performed revealing that early-life environmental adversity strongly regulates brain function. Alterations of gene expression and behavior in the off-springs of paternally stressed rats were also revealed. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. Here, an improved characterization of these processes from investigations of the functional metabolism of animal models exposed to peripubertal stress (PS) is proposed. The ultimate goal of this study was to bring forward functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (fMRS) as a technique of interest for a better understanding of brain areas by endogenous stimulators such as stress. The present study evaluated, compared and classified effects of individual PS (iPS) and paternal PS (pPS) under corticosterone (CORT) challenge in the septal areas of adult rats. Acute stress was simulated by injection of CORT and metabolic concentration changes were analyzed as a function of time. Evaluation of Glucose and Lactate concentration changes allowed the classification of groups of rats using a Glc to Lac index. Moreover, metabolic responses of control rats (CC) and of pPS x iPS rats (SS) were similar while responses in pPS (SC) and iPS (CS) differed, revealing differential adaption of energetic metabolism and of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Findings have crucial interest for understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying altered functional connectivity and neuronal plasticity in septal areas inducing increased aggressivity in early-life stressed rats.

The effects of early life stress on context fear generalization in adult rats.

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie D. Elliott ◽  
Rick Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Fear Generalization

Abstract 403: Renal Denervation Reveals Renal Sympathetic Activation in Adult Rats Exposed to Early Life Stress

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Analia S Loria ◽  
Michael W Brands ◽  
David M Pollock ◽  
Jennifer S Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Baseline Conditions ◽  
Control Sham ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

We previously reported that maternal separation (MS), a model of early life stress, does not modify baseline blood pressure in adult rats, but increases sensitivity to hypertensive stimuli. Under baseline conditions, adult male rats exposed to MS have significantly reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Acute phenylephrine-induced reductions in renal blood flow is significantly attenuated in rats exposed to MS compared to control rats. Furthermore, norephinephrine (NE) content was increased in renal cortex of MS rats compared to control rats (p<0.05). These data indicate that MS induces increased renal sympathetic outflow. Thus, we hypothesized that renal denervation will normalize GFR in rats exposed to MS. Male WKY rat pups were separated from their mothers for 3 hrs/day during the morning hours from day 2 to 14 of life. Male non-separated littermates served as control rats. Experiments were performed in 300-320 g adult rats. Denervation (DnX) was performed mechanically stripping all visible renal nerves followed by topical phenol (10%) on the renal artery. Control-sham, MS-sham, control-DnX, and MS-DnX rats were instrumented with catheters in the femoral vein and abdominal aorta. Rats were placed in metabolic cages, connected to swivels, and allowed to recover for 4-5 days. Sodium intake was clamped at 2.8 mEq/day in both groups by combining sodium deficient diet and 24 hr/day 0.9% iv saline infusion (20 ml/day). GFR was determined by plasma clearance of [125I]iothalamate in the conscious state. During baseline conditions, MAP was not different between control-sham and MS-sham rats (99±4 vs 97±2 mmHg, respectively). MAP was reduced in both control-DnX and MS-DnX rats (91±2 mmHg and 83±3 mmHg, p<0.05, respectively) compared with the respective sham group. The reduction in MAP tended to be greater in MS than in control rats (-9±1 and -14±2 mmHg, p=0.074). DnX did not modify GFR in control rats (sham: 3.1±0.1 ml/min vs DnX: 3.5±0.4 ml/min). However, DnX significantly increased GFR in rats exposed to MS (sham: 2.4±0.2 ml/min vs DnX: 3.8±0.4 ml/min, p<0.05). These data support our hypothesis that MS induces increased renal sympathetic tone to reduce GFR in MS male rats, and may contribute to the exacerbated response to hypertensive stimuli observed in MS rats.

Abstract 008: Early Life Stress Induces Renal Pro-inflammatory Immune Responses

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen De Miguel ◽  
Dao H Ho ◽  
Analia S Loria ◽  
Ijeoma Obi ◽  
Jennifer S Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Inflammatory Status

We previously reported that maternal separation (MatSep), an animal model of early life stress, sensitizes rats to pro-hypertensive stimuli in adulthood. We hypothesized that MatSep induces a renal pro-inflammatory immune response. Immune cell populations and expression of cytokines were assessed by magnetic bead isolation, FACS analysis, ELISA and RT-PCR in adult male MatSep and normally-reared littermate control rats. Circulating and renal mononuclear or T cell numbers were similar between control and MatSep rats (n=4-11/group, p>0.05). Both groups presented similar percentages of circulating macrophages and T H , T C , and T reg cells (n=4, p>0.05). However, the percentage of circulating B cells was significantly decreased in MatSep rats (23.7±1.2% vs. 20.1±0.7%; n=4, p<0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1Beta was significantly elevated in kidneys from MatSep rats (4.4±0.5 vs. 7.9±1.0 pg/mg prot; n=7-8/group; p<0.05). However, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-4 were not different between control and MatSep rats. To further assess the immune system in MatSep and control rats, we acutely challenged adult rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 mg/kg; i.v., 14 h). LPS significantly elevated renal expression of pro-inflammatory chemokine receptors (CCR3, CCR4, CXCR4), cytokines (IFN-gamma, CCL3, CCL4, IL-16), and activation markers (CD40, CD40lg) in MatSep rats (4 to 6 fold increase; n=5/group, p<0.05), suggesting that MatSep induces an exaggerated pro-inflammatory renal immune response to LPS. In conclusion, early life stress induces a renal pro-inflammatory status in adulthood that leads to sensitization to further immune challenges. Funded by P01 HL 69999 to JSP, NIH T32 DK007545 to CDM, F32 HL 116145 to DHH and K99/R00 HL 111354 to ASL.

Abstract P219: Mice Exposed To Early Life Stress Have Impaired Autonomic Activity At Baseline And In Response To Acute Stress In Adulthood

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K Rhoads ◽  
Kasi C McPherson ◽  
Keri M Kemp ◽  
Bryan Becker ◽  
Jackson Colson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inactive Period

Early life stress (ELS) is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood in both humans and rodent models. Maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW), a model of ELS, produces mice with an increased risk of cardiovascular dysfunction in adulthood, despite resting blood pressures (BP), heart rates (HR), and body weights comparable to normally reared controls. Autonomic regulation of HR and BP is an important component of the homeostatic response to stress but has not been investigated in MSEW mice. We hypothesized that exposure to MSEW impairs autonomic function at baseline and in response to an acute psychosocial stressor in adult male mice. C57Bl/6J litters were randomly assigned to MSEW or normally reared control conditions. MSEW litters were separated from dams for 4 h on postnatal days (PDs) 2-5, 8 h on PDs 6-16, and weaned at PD 17. Control litters were undisturbed until weaning at PD 21. At 9 weeks old, telemeters were implanted in MSEW (n=16) and control mice (n=12). During cage switch stress (CSS), mice were moved to a soiled, unfamiliar cage for 4 h. HR, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and activity (monitored by telemetry) were similar between control and MSEW mice at baseline and during CSS (p>0.05, 2-way ANOVA). Spectral analysis of HR, SBP, and DBP indicated that HR variability (HRV) total power was lower in MSEW mice during the 12 h inactive period compared to controls (18.9±1.1 ms 2 vs. 27.5±3.1 ms 2 ; p=0.0033, 2-way ANOVA) at baseline. HRV low frequency (LF) power was also lower during the 12 h inactive period in MSEW mice (4.2±0.4 ms 2 vs.6.6±0.9 ms 2 ; p=0.009). At baseline, 12 h and 24 h DBP variability LF/high frequency (HF) ratio, normalized LF, and normalized HF power were lower in the MSEW group (p<0.05, all comparisons). During the final 90 minutes of CSS, MSEW mice had lower HRV total, LF, and HF power compared to controls (p<0.05); although HR, SBP, DBP, and activity remained similar between groups. These data suggest that MSEW mice have impaired autonomic control of HR and DBP and lack the ability to robustly respond and recover from an acute stressor. Reduced responsiveness of the autonomic nervous system may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease development in adult mice exposed to MSEW.

P.579 Sex differences in depressive-like behavior in adult rats subjected to early life stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S405
Author(s):  
N. Broshevitskaya ◽  
I. Pavlova ◽  
M. Zaichenko ◽  
V. Gruzdeva ◽  
G. Grigoryan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adult Rats

Early-life stress mediated modulation of adult neurogenesis and behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Korosi ◽  
E.F.G. Naninck ◽  
C.A. Oomen ◽  
M. Schouten ◽  
H. Krugers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Early Life Stress Associated With Increased Striatal N-Acetyl-Aspartate: Cerebrospinal Fluid Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Concentrations, Hippocampal Volume, Body Mass, and Behavioral Correlates

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701876845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Coplan ◽  
Dunyue Lu ◽  
Alexander M. El Sehamy ◽  
Cheuk Tang ◽  
Andrea P. Jackowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Stress Markers

Introduction Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, the effects of early life stress on nonhuman primate striatal neuronal integrity were examined as reflected by N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) concentrations. NAA measures were interrogated through examining their relationship to previously documented early life stress markers—cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations, hippocampal volume, body mass, and behavioral timidity. Rodent models of depression exhibit increases in neurotrophic effects in the nucleus accumbens. We hypothesized that rearing under conditions of early life stress (variable foraging demand, VFD) would produce persistent elevations of NAA concentrations (in absolute or ratio form) in ventral striatum/caudate nucleus (VS/CN) with altered correlation to early life stress markers. Methods Eleven bonnet macaque males reared under VFD conditions and seven age-matched control subjects underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging during young adulthood. Voxels were placed over VS/CN to capture nucleus accumbens. Cisternal cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations, hippocampal volume, body mass, and response to a human intruder had been previously determined. Results VFD-reared monkeys exhibited significantly increased NAA/creatine concentrations in right VS/CN in comparison to normally reared controls, controlling for multiple comparisons. In comparison to controls, VFD cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations were directly associated with right VS/CN absolute NAA. Left hippocampal volume was inversely associated with left VS/CN NAA/creatine in VFD reared but not in controls. Disruption of a normative inverse correlation between left VS/CN NAA and body mass was noted in VFD. Only non-VFD subjects exhibited a direct relationship between timidity response to an intruder and right VS/CN NAA. Conclusion Early life stress produced persistent increases in VS/CN NAA, which demonstrated specific patterns of association (or lack thereof) to early life stress markers in comparison to non-VFD subjects. The data are broadly consistent with a stable nonhuman primate phenotype of anxiety and mood disorder vulnerability whereby in vivo indicators of neuronal integrity, although reduced in hippocampus, are increased in striatum. The findings may provide a catalyst for further studies in humans and other species regarding a reciprocal hippocampal/nucleus accumbens relationship in affective disorders.

scholarly journals Hippocampal astroglial hypertrophy in mice subjected to early life maternal deprivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab Nandi ◽  
Garima Virmani ◽  
Swananda Marathe
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Stratum Radiatum ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Synaptic Physiology ◽  
And Behavior

Early-life stress (ELS), including chronic deprivation of maternal care, exerts persistent life-long effects on animal physiology and behavior, and is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Long-lasting changes in neuronal plasticity and electrophysiology are documented extensively in the animal models of ELS. However, the role of astroglia in the lasting effects of ELS remains elusive. Astrocytes are intricately involved in the regulation of synaptic physiology and behavior. Moreover, astrocytes play a major role in the innate and adaptive immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS). The role of immune responses and neuroinflammation in the altered brain development and persistent adverse effects of ELS are beginning to be explored. Innate immune response in the CNS is characterized by a phenomenon called astrogliosis, a process in which astrocytes undergo hypertrophy, along with changes in gene expression and function. While the immune activation and neuroinflammatory changes concomitant with ELS, or in juveniles and young adults have been reported, it is unclear whether mice subjected to ELS exhibit astrogliosis-like alterations well into late-adulthood. Here, we subjected mice to maternal separation from postnatal day 2 to day 22 and performed comprehensive morphometric analysis of hippocampal astrocytes during late-adulthood. We found that the astrocytes in the stratum radiatum region of the CA1 hippocampal subfield from maternally separated mice exhibit significant hypertrophy as late as 8 months of age, revealing the crucial changes in astrocytes that manifest long after the cessation of ELS. This study highlights the persistence of neuroinflammatory changes in mice exposed to ELS.

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