scholarly journals Adults vs. neonates: Differentiation of functional connectivity between the basolateral amygdala and occipitotemporal cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Hansen ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Zeynep M. Saygin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Tracer Studies ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Occipitotemporal Cortex ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe amygdala, a subcortical structure known for social and emotional processing, consists of multiple subnuclei with unique functions and connectivity patterns. Tracer studies in adult macaques have shown that the basolateral subnuclei differentially connect to parts of visual cortex, with stronger connections to anterior regions and weaker connections to posterior regions; infant macaques show robust connectivity even with posterior visual regions. Do these developmental differences also exist in the human amygdala, and are there specific functional regions that undergo the most pronounced developmental changes in their connections with the amygdala? To address these questions, we explored the functional connectivity (from resting-state fMRI data) of the basolateral amygdala to occipitotemporal cortex in human neonates scanned within one week of life and compared the connectivity patterns to those observed in young adults. Specifically, we calculated amygdala connectivity to anterior-posterior gradients of the anatomically-defined occipitotemporal cortex, and also to putative occipitotemporal functional parcels, including primary and high-level visual and auditory cortices (V1, A1, face, scene, object, body, high-level auditory regions). Results showed a decreasing gradient of functional connectivity to the occipitotemporal cortex in adults – similar to the gradient seen in macaque tracer studies – but no such gradient was observed in neonates. Further, adults had stronger connections to high-level functional regions associated with face, body, and object processing, and weaker connections to primary sensory regions (i.e., A1, V1), whereas neonates showed the same amount of connectivity to primary and high-level sensory regions. Overall, these results show that functional connectivity between the amygdala and occipitotemporal cortex is not yet differentiated in neonates, suggesting a role of maturation and experience in shaping these connections later in life.

scholarly journals Developmental changes in connectivity between the amygdala subnuclei and occipitotemporal cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Hansen ◽  
Zeynep M. Saygin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
Basal Amygdala ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occipitotemporal Cortex ◽  
Visual Cortical

AbstractThe amygdala, a subcortical structure known for social and emotional processing, can be subdivided into multiple nuclei with unique functions and connectivity patterns. Tracer studies in adult macaques have shown that the lateral and basal amygdala subnuclei decrease in connectivity to visual cortical areas moving from anterior to posterior, and that infants have similar adult-like projections plus additional connections that are refined with development. Can we delineate the connectivity between the amygdala subnuclei and occipitotemporal cortex in humans, and will it show similar developmental differences as macaques? If so, what functional regions may be contributing to this pattern of connectivity? To address these questions, we anatomically defined the lateral and basal amygdala subnuclei in 20 adult subjects, 27 kids (aged 7-8), and 15 neonates. We then defined the occipitotemporal region in each individual’s native anatomy, and split this entire region into five equal sections from anterior to posterior. We also defined visual functional parcellations in the occipitotemporal cortex (e.g. FFA, PPA) and anatomically defined primary visual cortex (i.e., V1). Using Diffusion Weighted Imaging data, we ran probabilistic tractography with FSL between the amygdala subnuclei as seeds and the occipitotemporal cortical parcellations as targets. Results showed that like macaques, the mean connectivity across subjects to the occipitotemporal cortex significantly decreased on a gradient from anterior to posterior, and that connectivity in kids and neonates was adult-like but became more refined across development. Further, refinement of connectivity to mid and posterior occipitotemporal cortex was largely driven by anterior PPA, LO, and V1, with connectivity to higher order visual areas increasing with age. The functional maturation of these regions may contribute to the continued refinement of these connections, in line with Interactive Specialization hypotheses of brain development.

Changes in brain functional connectivity patterns are driven by an individual lesion in MS: a resting-state fMRI study

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amgad Droby ◽  
Kenneth S. L. Yuen ◽  
Muthuraman Muthuraman ◽  
Sarah-Christina Reitz ◽  
Vinzenz Fleischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

Distinct dynamic functional connectivity patterns of pain and touch thresholds: A resting-state fMRI study

2019 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
pp. 112142
Author(s):  
Yueming Yuan ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Linling Li ◽  
Gan Huang ◽  
Ahmed Anter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Dynamic Functional Connectivity ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

Dynamic Temporospatial Patterns of Functional Connectivity and Alterations in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2050065
Author(s):  
Sisi Jiang ◽  
Haonan Pei ◽  
Yang Huang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Linli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
Variation Of Functional ◽  
High Level

The dynamic profile of brain function has received much attention in recent years and is also a focus in the study of epilepsy. The present study aims to integrate the dynamics of temporal and spatial characteristics to provide comprehensive and novel understanding of epileptic dynamics. Resting state fMRI data were collected from eighty-three patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and 87 healthy controls (HC). Specifically, we explored the temporal and spatial variation of functional connectivity density (tvFCD and svFCD) in the whole brain. Using a sliding-window approach, for a given region, the standard variation of the FCD series was calculated as the tvFCD and the variation of voxel-wise spatial distribution was calculated as the svFCD. We found primary, high-level, and sub-cortical networks demonstrated distinct tvFCD and svFCD patterns in HC. In general, the high-level networks showed the highest variation, the subcortical and primary networks showed moderate variation, and the limbic system showed the lowest variation. Relative to HC, the patients with IGE showed weaken temporal and enhanced spatial variation in the default mode network and weaken temporospatial variation in the subcortical network. Besides, enhanced temporospatial variation in sensorimotor and high-level networks was also observed in patients. The hyper-synchronization of specific brain networks was inferred to be associated with the phenomenon responsible for the intrinsic propensity of generation and propagation of epileptic activities. The disrupted dynamic characteristics of sensorimotor and high-level networks might potentially contribute to the driven motion and cognition phenotypes in patients. In all, presently provided evidence from the temporospatial variation of functional interaction shed light on the dynamics underlying neuropathological profiles of epilepsy.

scholarly journals Shared Neural Circuits for Mentalizing about the Self and Others

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1623-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Lombardo ◽  
Bhismadev Chakrabarti ◽  
Edward T. Bullmore ◽  
Sally J. Wheelwright ◽  
Susan A. Sadek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Shared Representations ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Primary Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
High Level

Although many examples exist for shared neural representations of self and other, it is unknown how such shared representations interact with the rest of the brain. Furthermore, do high-level inference-based shared mentalizing representations interact with lower level embodied/simulation-based shared representations? We used functional neuroimaging (fMRI) and a functional connectivity approach to assess these questions during high-level inference-based mentalizing. Shared mentalizing representations in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate/precuneus, and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) all exhibited identical functional connectivity patterns during mentalizing of both self and other. Connectivity patterns were distributed across low-level embodied neural systems such as the frontal operculum/ventral premotor cortex, the anterior insula, the primary sensorimotor cortex, and the presupplementary motor area. These results demonstrate that identical neural circuits are implementing processes involved in mentalizing of both self and other and that the nature of such processes may be the integration of low-level embodied processes within higher level inference-based mentalizing.

scholarly journals Brain Activations and Functional Connectivity Patterns Associated with Insight-Based and Analytical Anagram Solving

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Dmitry O. Sinitsyn ◽  
Ilya S. Bakulin ◽  
Alexandra G. Poydasheva ◽  
Liudmila A. Legostaeva ◽  
Elena I. Kremneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Active Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Insight is one of the most mysterious problem-solving phenomena involving the sudden emergence of a solution, often preceded by long unproductive attempts to find it. This seemingly unexplainable generation of the answer, together with the role attributed to insight in the advancement of science, technology and culture, stimulate active research interest in discovering its neuronal underpinnings. The present study employs functional Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe and compare the brain activations occurring in the course of solving anagrams by insight or analytically, as judged by the subjects. A number of regions were activated in both strategies, including the left premotor cortex, left claustrum, and bilateral clusters in the precuneus and middle temporal gyrus. The activated areas span the majority of the clusters reported in a recent meta-analysis of insight-related fMRI studies. At the same time, the activation patterns were very similar between the insight and analytical solutions, with the only difference in the right sensorimotor region probably explainable by subject motion related to the study design. Additionally, we applied resting-state fMRI to study functional connectivity patterns correlated with the individual frequency of insight anagram solutions. Significant correlations were found for the seed-based connectivity of areas in the left premotor cortex, left claustrum, and left frontal eye field. The results stress the need for optimizing insight paradigms with respect to the accuracy and reliability of the subjective insight/analytical solution classification. Furthermore, the short-lived nature of the insight phenomenon makes it difficult to capture the associated neural events with the current experimental techniques and motivates complementing such studies by the investigation of the structural and functional brain features related to the individual differences in the frequency of insight-based decisions.

scholarly journals Wearing a KN95/FFP2 Facemask Has Subtle Effects on Functional Salience Network Interaction

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven HALLER ◽  
Marie-Louise MONTANDON ◽  
Cristelle RODRIGUEZ ◽  
Panteleimon GIANNAKOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Level ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

Abstract BackgroundWide use of wearing a facemask is one of the many consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. We used resting-state fMRI to search for subtle changes in brain functional connectivity, expected notably related to the high-level salience (SN) and default mode networks (DMN).Materials and MethodsProspective crossover design resting fMRI study with/without wearing a tight FFP2/KN95 facemask, including 24 consecutive male participants (mean age ± SD = 29.9 ± 6.9 years) at 3T. As physiological parameters, respiration frequency and heart rate were monitored. Data analysis was performed using the CONN toolbox.ResultsWearing an FFP2/KN95 facemask did not impact respiration or heart rate but resulted in a significant reduction in functional connectivity between the SN as the seed region and the left middle frontal and precentral gyrus. No difference was found when the DMN, sensorimotor, visual, dorsal attention or language networks were used as seed regions.ConclusionsThe wearing of tight FFP2/KN95 facemasks in men decreases the functional connectivity of the SN, which is known to be involved in communication, social behavior and self-awareness. This phenomenon was confined to the left frontal and precentral gyrus. Our results imply that the wearing of a facemask could impact our ability to detect and react appropriately to salient stimuli by altering the functional connectivity of the SN.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document