scholarly journals COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the Metropolitan Region, Chile: time, space, and structural factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Villalobos Dintrans ◽  
Claudio Castillo ◽  
Felipe de la Fuente ◽  
Matilde Maddaleno
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Chile has been heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article analyzes the association of different groups of factors-demographic, health-related, and socioeconomic-on COVID-19-related outcomes. Using the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region the study looks at the role of time dynamics, space and place in cases and deaths during a 100-days period. Results show that common and idiosyncratic elements that explain the prevalence and dynamics of infections and mortality, with an important role of social determinants of health, particularly multidimensional poverty index and use of public transportation, in explaining differences in outcomes. The article contributes to the understanding of the determinants of COVID-19 outcomes in a specific region, but also highligths the need to consider time-space dynamics and social determinants as key in the analysis. The results are specially relevant for similar research in unequal settings. 

scholarly journals Calling Attention to the Role of Race-Driven Societal Determinants of Health on Aggressive Tumor Biology: A Focus on Black Americans

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.21.00297
Author(s):  
Kimlin T. Ashing ◽  
Veronica Jones ◽  
Fornati Bedell ◽  
Tanyanika Phillips ◽  
Loretta Erhunmwunsee
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Neighborhood Deprivation ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Community Exposure ◽  
Aggressive Tumor

Blacks have the highest incidence and mortality from most cancers. The reasons for these disparities remain unclear. Blacks are exposed to adverse social determinants because of historic and contemporary racist polices; however, how these determinants affect the disparities that Blacks experience is understudied. As a result of discriminatory community policies, like redlining, Blacks have higher exposure to air pollution and neighborhood deprivation. Studies investigating how these factors affect tumor biology are emerging. We highlight the literature that connects racism-related community exposure to the tumor biology in breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Further investigations that clarify the link between adverse social determinants that result from systemic racism and aggressive tumor biology are required if health equity is to be achieved. Without recognition that racism is a public health risk with carcinogenic impact, health care delivery and cancer care will never achieve excellence. In response, health systems ought to establish corrective actions to improve Black population health and bring medical justice to marginalized racialized groups.

Sociostructural Aspects of Socio-Economic Development:The role of Economic approach

2014 ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
M. Shabanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The author discusses the importance of studying socio-structural factors of socio-economic development through a broader application of the economic approach. The resources of status positions of economic agents are in the spotlight. A possible platform for interdisciplinary interactions is proposed which allows to increase the contribution of both economics and sociology in improving governance at all levels.

Feminisation of Multidimensional Poverty in Rural Odisha

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Narayan Biswal ◽  
◽  
S. K. Mishra ◽  
M. K. Sarangi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Order Stochastic Dominance ◽  
The Individual

UNDP’s 2030 agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasized gender equality in augmenting human capital and alleviating poverty. For eradication of extreme poverty and building resilience for persons who are vulnerable to poverty, SDGs calls for a pro-poor and gender-sensitive policy framework. In this context, a gender-based study on multi-dimensional aspects of poverty is highly significant. Extant literature reveals that females are more deprived in different dimensions of poverty such as education, health, living standard, empowerment, environment, autonomy and social relationship. The present study is conducted with the basic objective of examining feminization of poverty in rural areas of Jagatsinghapur district of Odisha. Seven socio-economic dimensions comprising sixteen indicators have been taken into consideration to construct the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) using the Alkire-Foster (AF) Method at the individual level. The novelty of the study lies in analyzing MPI at the individual level for rural Odisha. Higher female deprivation is observed across social groups and all occupation categories except services. Dummy variable regression analysis also supports the major findings of the study. Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function satisfies strict first-order stochastic dominance condition and substantiates the feminisation of poverty at each level of poverty cut-off across all social groups and occupational categories except for services. The findings of the study have significant implications for developing suitable policies for gender equalization and poverty alleviation.

scholarly journals Rural Emergency Medical Service Providers Perceptions on the Causes of and Solutions to the Opioid Crisis: A Qualitative Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272098771
Author(s):  
Heather Blue ◽  
Ashley Dahly ◽  
Susan Chhen ◽  
Julie Lee ◽  
Adam Shadiow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Emergency Medical Service ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Opioid Crisis

Introduction: The continuing opioid crisis poses unique challenges to remote and often under-resourced rural communities. Emergency medical service (EMS) providers serve a critical role in responding to opioid overdose for individuals living in rural or remote areas who experience opioid overdoses. They are often first at the scene of an overdose and are sometimes the only health care provider in contact with an overdose patient who either did not survive or refused additional care. As such, EMS providers have valuable perspectives to share on the causes and consequences of the opioid crisis in rural communities. Methods: EMS providers attending a statewide EMS conference serving those from greater Minnesota and surrounding states were invited to take a 2-question survey asking them to reflect upon what they believed to be the causes of the opioid crisis and what they saw as the solutions to the opioid crisis. Results were coded and categorized using a Consensual Qualitative Research approach. Results: EMS providers’ perceptions on causes of the opioid crisis were categorized into 5 main domains: overprescribing, ease of access, socioeconomic vulnerability, mental health concerns, and lack of resources and education. Responses focused on solutions to address the opioid crisis were categorized into 5 main domains: need for increased education, enhanced opioid oversight, increased access to treatment programs, alternative therapies for pain management, and addressing socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Conclusion: Along with the recognition that the opioid crisis was at least partially caused by overprescribing, rural EMS providers who participated in this study recognized the critical role of social determinants of health in perpetuating opioid-related harm. Participants in this study reported that education and increased access to treatment facilities and appropriate pain management, along with recognition of the role of social determinants of health in opioid dependency, were necessary steps to address the opioid crisis.

scholarly journals Measuring Vulnerability to Multidimensional Poverty

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Vulnerability To Poverty

Abstract A method to measure vulnerability to multidimensional poverty is proposed under a mean–risk behaviour approach. We extend the unidimensional downside mean–semideviation measurement of vulnerability to poverty towards the multidimensional space by incorporating this approach into Alkire and Foster’s multidimensional counting framework. The new approach is called the vulnerability to multidimensional poverty index (VMPI), alluding to the fact that it can be used to assess vulnerability to poverty measured by the multidimensional poverty index (MPI). The proposed family of vulnerability indicators can be estimated using cross-sectional data and can include both binary and metric welfare indicators. It is flexible enough to be applied for measuring vulnerability in a wide range of MPI designs, including the Global MPI. An empirical application of the VMPI and its related indicators is illustrated using the official MPI of Chile as the reference poverty measurement. The estimates are performed using the National Socioeconomic Characterisation Survey (CASEN) for the year 2017.

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