scholarly journals COVID-19 pediatric mortality rates are heterogenous between countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Gonzalez-Garcia ◽  
America Liliana Miranda-Lora ◽  
Jorge Mendez-Galvan ◽  
Javier T Granados-Riveron ◽  
Jaime Nieto-Zermeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Mortality Disparities ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 is infrequent in children, with a lethality rate of about 0.08%. This study aims to explore differences in the pediatric mortality rate between countries. Methods: Countries with populations over 5 million that report COVID-19 deaths disaggregated data by quinquennial or decennial age groups were analyzed. Data were extracted from COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Age Database, national ministries of health, and the World Health Organization. Results: 23 countries were included in the analysis. Pediatric mortality varied from 0 to 12.1 deaths per million people of the corresponding age group, with the highest rate in Peru. In most countries, deaths were more frequent in the 0-4 years old age group, except for Brazil. The pediatric/ general COVID-19 mortality showed a great variation between countries and ranged from 0 (Republic of Korea) to 10.4% (India). Pediatric and Pediatric/general COVID mortality have a strong correlation with 2018 neonatal mortality (r=0.77, p<0.001 and r= 0.88, p<0.001 respectively), while it has a moderate or absent (r=0.47, p=0.02 and r=0.19, p=0.38, respectively) correlation with COVID-19 mortality in the general population. Conclusions: There is an important heterogenicity in pediatric COVI-19 mortality between countries that parallels historical neonatal mortality. Neonatal mortality is a known index of the quality of a country s Health System which points to the importance of social determinants of health in pediatric COVID-19 mortality disparities, an issue which should be further explored.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dental caries among children of SOS children's village in Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Zrinka Ivanisevic ◽  
Marko Matijevic ◽  
Zvonimir Uzarevic ◽  
Djordje Petrovic ◽  
Davor Jurlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Background/Aim. Oral health is an integral part of general health and an important factor in the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. Methods. The dental examinations based on the World Health Organization criteria were performed on 88 children from SOS Children?s Village in Croatia. The teeth were clinically examined with standard dental instruments using the visual-tactile method under standard light. The clinical indexes of decayed, missed, and filled (dmft and DMFT, for primary and permantnt teeth, respectively) and decayed, missed, and filled surfaces (DMFS), as well as the significant caries index (SiC) were recorded. Results. Among the children from the SOS Children?s Village caries incidence were 57.94%. The mean dmft, DMFT and DMFS of all children was 1.82, 1.90 and 2.82, respectively. The highest mean dmft and DMFT score of 4.24 and 2.56 was found among 7?10 and 11?14 years old children, respectively. The highest mean DMFS score of 3.85 and 3.90 was found among 11?14 years old children and among the children from the SOS Children?s Village Lekenik, respectively. Among all children, the SiC index was 4.69. There was a significant difference between age groups and children?s place of residence in DMFT, DMFS and SiC. Conclusion. Prevalence of dental caries is low among the children from the SOS Children?s Village in Croatia compared to the children who lived with biological families.

State Reporting of Live Births of Newborns Weighing Less Than 500 Grams: Impact on Neonatal Mortality Rates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-854
Author(s):  
Ann L. Wilson ◽  
Lawrence J. Fenton ◽  
David P. Munson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

The National Center for Health Statistics reports that in 1983 65% of all infant deaths in the United States occurred in the neonatal period. Of these reported neonatal deaths, 17% were of infants weighing less than 500 g at birth. There was, however, variation in state-reported incidence of live births of newborns in this weight cohort (0.2 to 2.2 per 1,000 live births). Thé states with the lowest neonatal mortality rate have the lowest incidence of birth weights less than 500 g (ρ = .77). If it is assumed that mortality for this weight category is nearly 100%, there is marked variation (5% to 32%) in the contribution of this weight cohort to a state's total neonatal mortality rate. Contributing to this variation may be definitions of live birth used by states. The World Health Organization defines a live birth as the product of conception showing signs of life "irrespective of the duration of pregnancy" and this definition is used by 33 states. Only one state (Ohio) includes the gestational criteria of "at least 20 weeks" in its definition of live birth. There is evidence to suggest that definitions are not uniformly used within individual states. For example, in 1983, 20 states did not report any live births with weights less than 500 g among their "other" populations of nonwhite, nonblack residents. Half of these states, however, use the World Health Organization definition of live birth. Despite the exclusionary wording in Ohio's definition of live birth, 16% of newborns who died in that state had birth weights less than 500 g. Inconsistency in state definitions and possible variations in reporting live births less than 500 g affect state comparisons of infant and neonatal mortality rates.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma among Patients attending Tertiary Allergy center /Kirkuk /Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Abdulameer Samad ◽  
Chinar Kanbar
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blood Picture ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The prevalence of asthma worldwide increased last three decades, according to the world health organization estimate in 2005, around 300 million people affected with asthma, little data for its prevalence at Middle East. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of asthma among patients attending tertiary allergy center in Kirkuk. Patients and Methods: The study included 1840 patients of different age groups from 1-4 years to age group 65 and above and deferent gender male and female, attending to allergy center from first of January to 30th of December 2017. They are diagnosed by clinical examination, spirometer, complete blood picture including eosinophil count and for certain patient’s chest x rays and sputum culture for suspect fungal infections like aspergilloses. Results: The study shows an increase prevalence of asthma at Kirkuk tertiary allergy center the prevalence was 6.94% and it is prevalence significant higher in adults than children, study shows at age group 20-44 year was 37.5% and age group45-65 years total number was 528 percentage 28.7%. Seasonal changes was clear there is an increase asthma cases at spring months from April to May the prevalence was 29.83% and an increase in autumn months from September to November the prevalence was 30.05%. According to gender the study shows the females little higher than males in the females was 5053%,in males49.47% .Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma is high in these locality and need more longitudinal data studies at the level of government to discover seasonal environmental factors play role in provoking asthmatic attack and need to be observed and studied which is important in prevention of asthma in our locality.

scholarly journals Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales among elderly residents in long-term care facilities with joint contractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-chang Chen ◽  
Keh-chung Lin ◽  
Chen-Jung Chen ◽  
Shu-Hui Yeh ◽  
Ay-Woan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
World Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Joint Contractures ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Joint contractures, which affect activity, participation, and quality of life, are common complications of neurological conditions among elderly residents in long-term care facilities. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales in a population with joint contractures. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. The sample included elderly residents older than 64 years with joint contractures in an important joint who had lived at one of 12 long-term care facilities in Taiwan for more than 6 months (N = 243). The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales for joint contractures was generated from the English version through five stages: translation, review, back-translation, review by a panel of specialists, and a pretest. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were evaluated, and the results were compared with those for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Results The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales had excellent reliability, with a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.975 (mean score, 28.98; standard deviation, 17.34). An exploratory factor analysis showed three factors and one factor with an eigenvalue > 1 that explained 75.176 and 62.83 % of the total variance in the Activity subscale and Participation subscale, respectively. The subscale-to-total scale correlation analysis showed Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.881 for the Activity subscale and 0.843 for the Participation subscale. Pearson’s product-moment correlation revealed that the correlation coefficient (r) between the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule was 0.770, whereas that for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale was − 0.553; these values were interpreted as large coefficients. Conclusions The underlying theoretical model of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales functions well in Taiwan and has acceptable levels of reliability and validity. However, the Chinese version must be further tested for applicability and generalizability in future studies, preferably with a larger sample and in different clinical domains.

scholarly journals Importance of immunoglobulin therapy for COVID-19 patients with lymphocytopenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba K. Nabih
Keyword(s):  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). With the increased number of infected and dead victims daily all over the world, it becomes necessary to stop or overcome its rapid spread. Main body Although the production of vaccine or even specified effective anti-virus may take about six months to a year, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) may be clinically used as a safe treatment to save and improve the quality of life of patients with a variety of immunodeficiency diseases such as lymphocytopenia, which is a common clinical feature in COVID-19. Conclusion Through the current review, it was concluded that this passive immunization may promote the immunity to better fight against the virus, so the survival of the patients could be kept longer. The efficacy of immunotherapy with IVIg would be greater if the immune IgG antibodies were collected from convalescent plasma therapy.

Health Problems of Adolescence: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization:

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-392
Author(s):  
THOMAS E. CONE
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Committee Meeting ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Health Organization

This is a timely, concise, eminently practical, thoughtfully, even tenderly, written 28 page report of a recent WHO Expert Committee meeting on the health problems of adolescence. The members and the consultants to the Committee deftly summarize the major worldwide trends affecting our adolescent population. The size of this population is staggering; in the age group 15-19 years alone there are already 300 million adolescents in the world, and there seems every likelihood that these numbers will increase rapidly during the next decade.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality of Blue Nile River in Sudan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rasha Babiker Gurashi Abu Sabah ◽  
Abubaker Haroun Mohamed Adam ◽  
Dawoud Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Health Organization

The objectives of this study were to quantify the fresh water quality of Blue Nile River before processing, identify the pollutants, and to determine the most polluted areas, and their impacts on living organisms as well as the surrounding environment. Thus, random water samples were collected and analyzed at the laboratory of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources, Ground water and Wadis Directorates - Khartoum. The outcomes were compared with the World Health Organization standardization. The results revealed variations in the concentration of the studied elements taken from the different locations. But, the results indicated that the water quality is good, and it is within the permissible water use. However, further study is recommended to include seasonal variation as well as the biological analysis.

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