scholarly journals Associations of diarised sleep onset time, period and duration with total and central adiposity in a biethnic sample of young children: the Born in Bradford study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Collings ◽  
Jane E Blackwell ◽  
Elizabeth Pal ◽  
Helen Ball ◽  
John Wright
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Z Score ◽  
White Children ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Objectives: To investigate associations of sleep timing, period and duration with total and abdominal adiposity in a biethnic sample of children aged 18 and 36 months (m) Design: Cross-sectional observational study Setting: The Born in Bradford 1000 study, UK Participants: Children aged approximately 18m (n=209; 40.2% South Asian; 59.8% White) and 36m (n=162; 40.7% South Asian; 59.3% White) Primary and secondary outcome measures: Parents completed a 3-day sleep diary from which children's average daily sleep onset time, period and duration were calculated. Weekday to weekend differences in sleep parameters were also derived. As outcomes, indices of total (BMI z-score and sum of 2-skinfolds) and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference) were measured. Adjusted regression was used to quantify associations of sleep parameters with adiposity by age group and ethnicity. Results: The average daily sleep onset time was markedly later in South Asian (9:26pm ± 68 mins) than White children (7:41pm ± 48 mins). Later sleep onset was associated with lower BMI z-score and sum of 2-skinfolds in White children aged 18m. In contrast, later sleep onset was associated with higher BMI z-score in South Asian children aged 36m. For weekday to weekend differences, longer sleep duration and later sleep onset on weekends than weekdays were both associated with higher total and abdominal adiposity in South Asian children aged 18m. On the contrary, compared to consistent sleep onset times, going to sleep ≥20 minutes later on weekends than weekdays was associated with lower waist circumference in White children aged 18m. Conclusions: Sleep timing is associated with total and central adiposity in young children but associations differ by age group and ethnicity. Sleep onset times and regular sleep schedules may be important for obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Associations of diarised sleep onset time, period and duration with total and central adiposity in a biethnic sample of young children: the Born in Bradford observational cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e044769
Author(s):  
Paul James Collings ◽  
Jane Elizabeth Blackwell ◽  
Elizabeth Pal ◽  
Helen L Ball ◽  
John Wright
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Young Children ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Z Score ◽  
White Children ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Sleep Parameters

ObjectivesTo investigate associations of parent-reported sleep characteristics with adiposity levels in a biethnic sample of young children.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingThe Born in Bradford 1000 study, UK.ParticipantsChildren aged approximately 18 months (n=209; 40.2% South Asian; 59.8% white) and 36 months (n=162; 40.7% South Asian; 59.3% white).Primary and secondary outcome measuresChildren’s body mass index (BMI) z-score, sum of two-skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) and waist circumference. Adjusted regression was used to quantify associations of sleep parameters with adiposity stratified by ethnicity and age group. The results are beta coefficients (95% CIs) and unless otherwise stated represent the difference in outcomes for every 1-hour difference in sleep parameters.ResultsThe average sleep onset time was markedly later in South Asian (21:26±68 min) than white children (19:41±48 min). Later sleep onset was associated with lower BMI z-score (−0.3 (−0.5 to −0.0)) and sum of two-skinfolds (−1.5 mm (−2.8 mm to −0.2 mm)) in white children aged 18 months and higher BMI z-score in South Asian children aged 36 months (0.3 (0.0–0.5)). Longer sleep duration on weekends than weekdays was associated with higher BMI z-score (0.4 (0.1–0.8)) and waist circumference (1.2 cm (0.3–2.2 cm)) in South Asian children aged 18 months, and later sleep onset on weekends than weekdays was associated with larger sum of two-skinfolds (1.7 mm (0.3–3.1 mm)) and waist circumference (1.8 cm (0.6–2.9 cm)). Going to sleep ≥20 min later on weekends than weekdays was associated with lower waist circumference in white children aged 18 months (−1.7 cm (−3.2 cm to −0.1 cm)).ConclusionsSleep timing is associated with total and central adiposity in young children but associations differ by age group and ethnicity. Sleep onset times and regular sleep schedules may be important for obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in height growth trajectories and early life factors: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
Yi Lu ◽  
Anna Pearce ◽  
Leah Li
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Early Life ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black African ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Uk Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Lower Birthweight

Height growth is an important biomarker for early life exposures that influence later disease risk. Previous studies show that ethnic minority children in the UK tend to be born lighter but experience more rapid infancy growth than White peers. However, whether subsequent child-to-adolescent growth differs by ethnic group is insufficiently understood. We used the data from 15,239 singletons in the UK Millennium Cohort Study and applied mixed-effects cubic growth models to examine ethnic differences in height trajectories between 3y and 14y. Models were subsequently adjusted for potential early life explanatory factors. Compared with White counterparts, South Asian children had lower birthweight and shorter parents on average, but were slightly taller at 3y by 0.5cm [95% CI: 0.2–0.9] and had comparable childhood and adolescent trajectories, except that girls had a slower growth in adolescence. Height of South Asians relative to White children increased after adjusting for birthweight (taller by 1.3cm at 3y). Black African/Caribbeans were taller than White children at all ages between 3y and 14y (at 3y boys: 2.2cm, 1.2–2.7; girls: 3.2cm, 2.6–3.8) with height differences widening in childhood and reducing in adolescence. Adjustment for potential explanatory factors did not alter these differences. Despite having lower birthweight, contemporary UK South Asian children had comparable child-to-adolescent growth as White children. Black African/Caribbeans were considerably taller than other ethnic groups. Future research is needed in understanding the role of genetic and other environmental factors (such as diet) in these distinct growth patterns across ethnic groups and their health implications.

scholarly journals Differences in total and regional body fat and their association with BMI in UK-born White and South Asian children: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Jane West ◽  
Tiffany Yang ◽  
John Wright ◽  
Maria Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Children ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a proxy to determine excess adiposity, though this may underestimate fat mass (FM) in individuals of South Asian (SA) heritage. SA tend to have greater central adiposity than white people, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the differences in total and regional FM using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to see if any differences in FM varied by BMI category in UK-born white and SA children aged ~9 years. Methods: Anthropometric measurements and DXA scans were undertaken from 225 white and 269 SA children from the Born in Bradford cohort study. Linear regression was used to assess ethnic differences in total body fat percent and total and regional FM. Results: Although the mean BMI was similar, compared to white children, the proportion of SA children who were overweight or obese was ~20% higher, they had a median of 2kg more total FM, and the proportion with > 35% total body fat (TBF) was 22% and 16% higher in boys and girls respectively. Mean TBF% was greater in each BMI category, as was truncal, android and gynoid FM, with the greatest differences between ethnic groups observed in the healthy and overweight categories. Conclusions: Greater TBF% and total and regional FM in the healthy- and overweight BMI categories observed in SA children suggests they may be at greater risk of future cardiometabolic disease at a BMI level below obesity threshold. However, our sample size was small, and results may be influenced by selection bias and confounding; our findings need to be replicated in a larger study.

scholarly journals Accelerometer-derived sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease incidence: a UK Biobank cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Nikbakhtian ◽  
Angus B Reed ◽  
Bernard Dillon Obika ◽  
Davide Morelli ◽  
Adam C Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Onset Timing ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Aims Growing evidence suggests that sleep quality is associated with cardiovascular risk. However, research in this area often relies upon recollection dependant questionnaires or diaries. Accelerometers provide an alternative tool for deriving sleep parameters measuring sleep patterns objectively. This study examines the associations between accelerometer derived sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and Results We derived sleep onset and waking up time from accelerometer data collected from 103,712 UK Biobank participants over a period of seven days. From this, we examined the association between sleep onset timing and CVD incidence using a series of Cox proportional hazards models. 3172 cases of CVD were reported during a mean follow-up period of 5.7 (±0.49) years. An age- and sex-controlled base analysis found that sleep onset time of 10:00pm-10:59pm was associated with the lowest CVD incidence. A fully adjusted model, additionally controlling for sleep duration, sleep irregularity, and established CVD risk factors, was unable to eliminate this association, producing hazard ratios of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.10-1.39; p<0.005), 1.12 (1.01-1.25; p=0.04), and 1.25 (1.02-1.52; p=0.03) for sleep onset <10:00pm, 11:00pm-11:59pm, and & ≥12:00am, respectively, compared to 10:00pm-10:59pm. Importantly, sensitivity analyses revealed this association was stronger in females, with only sleep onset <10:00pm significant for males. Conclusions Our findings suggest an independent relationship between sleep onset timing and risk of developing CVD, particularly for women. We also demonstrate the potential utility of collecting information about sleep parameters via accelerometry-capable wearable devices, which may serve as novel cardiovascular risk indicators.

scholarly journals Differences in total and regional body fat and their association with BMI in UK-born White and South Asian children: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Jane West ◽  
Tiffany Yang ◽  
John Wright ◽  
Maria Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
White Children ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a proxy to determine excess adiposity, though this may underestimate fat mass (FM) in individuals of South Asian (SA) heritage. SA tend to have greater central adiposity than white people, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the differences in total and regional FM using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to see if any differences in FM varied by BMI category in UK-born white and SA children aged ~9 years. Methods: Anthropometric measurements and DXA scans were undertaken from 225 white and 269 SA children from the Born in Bradford cohort study. Linear regression was used to assess ethnic differences in total body fat percent and total and regional FM. Results: Although mean BMI was similar, compared to white children, the proportion of SA children who were overweight or obese was ~20% higher, and the proportion with > 35% total body fat (TBF) was 22% and 16% higher in boys and girls respectively. Mean TBF% was greater in SA children compared to white children in the same BMI category. Fat mass index (FMI) was higher in all body regions in SA children in all BMI categories; as was total and truncal FMI in healthy and overweight, but not obese, SA children.. Conclusions: Greater TBF% and total and regional FM in SA children suggests they may be at greater risk of future cardiometabolic disease at a BMI level below the obesity threshold. However, our sample size was small, and results may be influenced by selection bias and confounding; our findings need to be replicated in a larger study.

scholarly journals Multifactorial correlates of blood pressure in South Asian children in Canada: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke Fowokan ◽  
Zubin Punthakee ◽  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Miriam Rosin ◽  
Katherine M Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectiveWe sought to explore various correlates of blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, and to identify the most important aggregate combination of correlates for BP in South Asian children.DesignCross-sectional studySettingCommunity-based recruitment in two Canadian citiesParticipantsSouth Asian children (n=762) provided a range of physiological, lifestyle and social variables. BP was assessed using an automated device. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and BP were transformed to z-scores using published standards.Outcome measuresLinear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations between the range of variables with BP z-scores and hypertension while stepwise regression was used to identify aggregate factors that provided explanatory capacity for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) z-scores.ResultsA range of variables were associated with BP z-score and hypertension in unadjusted analysis. On adjustment for confounders, the association between age (β=−0.054, 95% CI=−0.078 to 0.029), female sex (β=−0.208, 95% CI=−0.350 to –0.067), height (β=0.022, 95% CI=0.011 to 0.033), weight (β=0.047, 95% CI=0.040 to 0.055), BMI z-score (β=0.292, 95% CI=0.249 to 0.336), WC z-score (β=0.273, 95% CI=0.219 to 0.326), WHtR z-score (β=0.289, 95% CI=0.236 to 0.342), heart rate (β=0.016, 95% CI=0.010 to 0.022), child’s perception of body image (β=0.183, 95% CI=0.128 to 0.239) and grip strength (β=0.025, 95% CI=0.007 to 0.043) with SBP z-score remained. In stepwise regression, age, sex, BMI z-score, heart rate and weight accounted for 30% of the variance of SBP z-score, while age, BMI z-score, heart rate and daily fast food intake accounted for 23% of the DBP z-score variance.ConclusionOur findings suggest that variables, such as age, sex, height, adiposity and heart rate, provide stronger explanatory capacity to BP variance and hypertension risk than other variables in South Asian children.

scholarly journals Antenatal Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Is Associated with Improved Linear Growth and Reduced Risk of Stunting or Severe Stunting in South Asian Children Less than Two Years of Age: A Pooled Analysis from Seven Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2632
Author(s):  
Yasir Bin Nisar ◽  
Victor M. Aguayo ◽  
Sk Masum Billah ◽  
Michael J. Dibley
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Reduced Risk

In South Asia, an estimated 38% of preschool-age children have stunted growth. We aimed to assess the effect of WHO-recommended antenatal iron, and folic acid (IFA) supplements on smaller than average birth size and stunting in South Asian children <2 years old. The sample was 96,512 mothers with their most recent birth within two years, from nationally representative surveys between 2005 and 2016 in seven South Asian countries. Primary outcomes were stunting [length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) < –2], severe stunting [length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) < –3], length-for-age Z score, and perceived smaller than average birth size. Exposure was the use of IFA supplements. We conducted analyses with Poisson, linear and logistic multivariate regression adjusted for the cluster survey design, and 14 potential confounders covering the country of the survey, socio-demographic factors, household economic status, maternal characteristics, and duration of respondent recall. The prevalence of stunting was 33%, severe stunting was 14%, and perceived smaller than average birth size was 22%. Use of antenatal IFA was associated with a reduced adjusted risk of being stunted by 8% (aRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89, 0.95), of being severely stunted by 9% (aRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.96) and of being smaller than average birth size by 14% (aRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80, 0.91). The adjusted mean LAZ was significantly higher in children whose mothers used IFA supplements. Maternal use of IFA in the first four months gestation and consuming 120 or more supplements throughout pregnancy was associated with the largest reduction in risk of child stunting. Antenatal IFA supplementation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of stunting, severe stunting, and smaller than average perceived birth size and improved LAZ in young South Asian children. The early and sustained use of antenatal IFA has the potential to improve child growth outcomes in South Asia and other low-and-middle-income countries with high levels of iron deficiency in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Adiposity measures and their validity in estimating risk of hypertension in South Asian children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke O Fowokan ◽  
Zubin Punthakee ◽  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Miriam Rosin ◽  
Katherine M Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectiveGiven the South Asian phenotype of higher body fat at similar body mass index (BMI) relative to Caucasians, we sought to explore the association between prominent adiposity indicators with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, to compare the accuracy of these indicators in estimating hypertension, and to provide cut-off values associated with adverse hypertension risk in South Asian children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity-based recruitment in two Canadian cities (Hamilton and Surrey).ParticipantsSouth Asian children (n=762) were recruited from two Canadian cities. Waist circumference, waist to height ratio and BMI were determined. Body fat percentage was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and BP was assessed using an automated device. All variables (except body fat percentage) were transformed to z-scores using published standards.Outcome measuresLinear and Poisson regression was used to explore associations between the adiposity indicators with BP z-score and hypertension. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to explore the strength of the adiposity indicators in estimating hypertension risk and sex-stratified optimal adiposity cut-off values associated with hypertension risk.ResultsSignificant associations were detected in adjusted and unadjusted models between the adiposity indicators with BP z-score and hypertension (p<0.01 for all). The area under the curve (AUC) values for the adiposity indicators for boys and girls ranged from 0.74 to 0.80, suggesting that the adiposity indicators are fair measures of estimating hypertension risk. Sex-stratified cut-off associated with adverse risk of hypertension for girls and boys, respectively, were at the 92nd and 82nd percentile for BMI z-scores, 65th and 80th percentile for WC z-score, 63rd and 67th percentile for WHtR z-score and at 29.8% and 23.5% for body fat.ConclusionOur results show associations between adiposity indicators with BP and hypertension and suggests that South Asian children might be at adverse risk of hypertension at levels of adiposity considered normal.

scholarly journals Independent associations of sleep timing, duration and quality with adiposity and weight status in a national sample of adolescents: the UK Millennium Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Collings
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uk Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence that short sleep elevates obesity risk in youth, but sleep is a multidimensional construct and few studies have investigated parameters beyond duration.ObjectivesTo investigate if sleep onset time, duration, latency, and night waking frequency are independently associated with adiposity and weight status in adolescents.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional observational study of 10,619 13-15y olds who provided self-reported sleep characteristics and underwent an anthropometric assessment to determine adiposity (body mass index (BMI) z-score and percent body fat (%BF)) and weight status. Adjusted linear and logistic regressions were used to investigate associations.ResultsCompared to a sleep onset time before 10pm, later sleep was associated with higher adiposity and higher likelihood of overweight and obesity in boys (after midnight, odds ratio (95% CI): 1.76 (1.19 to 2.60), p=0.004) and girls (between 11-11:59pm: 1.36 (1.17 to 1.65), p=0.002). Compared to sleeping for >9-10 hours, sleeping for ≤8 hours was associated with higher likelihood of overweight and obesity (boys: 1.80 (1.38 to 2.35), p<0.001); girls: 1.38 (1.06 to 1.79), p=0.016); there was evidence of a U-shaped association in girls for whom >10 hours of sleep was also associated with higher likelihood of overweight and obesity (1.31 (1.06 to 1.62); p=0.014). In girls, relative to a sleep latency of 16-30 minutes, sleep latencies ≥46 minutes were associated with higher adiposity (46-60 minutes, %BF: 1.47 (0.57 to 2.36), p=0.001) and higher likelihood of overweight and obesity (46-60 minutes: 1.39 (1.05 to 1.83); p=0.020). Often as opposed to never waking in the night was also associated with higher adiposity in girls (BMI z-score: 0.24 (0.08 to 0.41), p=0.004; %BF: 1.44 (0.44 to 2.44), p=0.005).ConclusionsSleep duration and timing, and sleep quality in girls, are independently associated with adiposity and weight status in adolescence and may be important targets for obesity prevention.

scholarly journals Differences in Physical Activity Levels between White and South Asian Children in the United Kingdom

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Duncan ◽  
Lorayne Woodfield ◽  
Yahya Al-Nakeeb ◽  
Alan M. Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
White Children ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Uk

The purpose of this study was to compare physical activity levels between white and South Asian children in the UK. The data were obtained from 606, 11–14 year old schoolchildren (397 white; 209 Asian). Physical activity was assessed using the ‘four by one day’ recall questionnaire from which the time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity was calculated. Boys were significantly more active than girls (p = .0001), and white children reported significantly greater physical activity than south Asian children (p = .001). Mean ± SD of time spent in moderate and vigorous activity was 90.2 ± 65.4 mins and 68.2 ± 49.3 mins for white and south Asian children and 103.5 ± 63.4 mins and 65.6 ± 53.5 mins for boys and girls respectively. These findings indicate that south Asian children are significantly less active than their white peers and there may be a need for specific interventions to target South Asian children particularly.

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