Post-metamorphic skeletal growth in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and implications for body plan evolution

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular and cellular processes that underpin animal development are crucial for understanding the diversity of body plans found on the planet today. Because of their abundance in the fossil record, and tractability as a model system in the lab, skeletons provide an ideal experimental model to understand the origins of animal diversity. We herein use molecular and cellular markers to understand the growth and development of the juvenile sea urchin (echinoid) skeleton. We developed a detailed staging scheme based off of the first ∼four weeks of post-metamorphic life of the regular echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. We paired this scheme with immunohistochemical staining for neuronal, muscular, and skeletal tissues, and fluorescent assays of skeletal growth and cell proliferation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying skeletal growth and development of the sea urchin body plan. Our experiments highlight the role of skeletogenic proteins in accretionary skeletal growth and cell proliferation in the addition of new metameric tissues. Furthermore, our work provides a framework for understanding the developmental evolution of sea urchin body plans on macroevolutionary timescales.

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Post-metamorphic skeletal growth in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and implications for body plan evolution

EvoDevo ◽

10.1186/s13227-021-00174-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeffrey R. Thompson ◽

Periklis Paganos ◽

Giovanna Benvenuto ◽

Maria Ina Arnone ◽

Paola Oliveri

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Body Plan ◽

Skeletal Growth ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Developmental Evolution ◽

Animal Diversity ◽

Cellular Markers

Abstract Background Understanding the molecular and cellular processes that underpin animal development are crucial for understanding the diversity of body plans found on the planet today. Because of their abundance in the fossil record, and tractability as a model system in the lab, skeletons provide an ideal experimental model to understand the origins of animal diversity. We herein use molecular and cellular markers to understand the growth and development of the juvenile sea urchin (echinoid) skeleton. Results We developed a detailed staging scheme based off of the first ~ 4 weeks of post-metamorphic life of the regular echinoid Paracentrotus lividus. We paired this scheme with immunohistochemical staining for neuronal, muscular, and skeletal tissues, and fluorescent assays of skeletal growth and cell proliferation to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying skeletal growth and development of the sea urchin body plan. Conclusions Our experiments highlight the role of skeletogenic proteins in accretionary skeletal growth and cell proliferation in the addition of new metameric tissues. Furthermore, this work provides a framework for understanding the developmental evolution of sea urchin body plans on macroevolutionary timescales.

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Ectoderm-ECM signaling promotes skeletal growth in the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryo

Echinoderms: Munchen ◽

10.1201/9780203970881.ch17 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 83-87

Author(s):

R Russo ◽

V Matranga ◽

F Zito ◽

C Costa ◽

S Sciarrino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Skeletal Growth ◽

Sea Urchin Embryo

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Combined effect of microplastics and global warming factors on early growth and development of the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus)

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146888 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146888

Author(s):

J.I. Bertucci ◽

J. Bellas

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Early Growth ◽

Combined Effect

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Effects of Glyphosate-Based and Derived Products on Sea Urchin Larval Development

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse8090661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 661

Author(s):

Davide Asnicar ◽

Costanza Cappelli ◽

Ahmad Safuan Sallehuddin ◽

Nur Atiqah Maznan ◽

Maria Gabriella Marin

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Parent Compound ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Marine Species ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽

Main Degradation Product ◽

Herbicide Glyphosate

Despite the widespread use of herbicide glyphosate in cultivation, its extensive runoff into rivers and to coastal areas, and the persistence of this chemical and its main degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) in the environment, there is still little information on the potential negative effects of glyphosate, its commercial formulation Roundup® and AMPA on marine species. This study was conducted with the aim of providing a comparative evaluation of the effects of glyphosate-based and its derived chemicals on the larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, thus providing new data to describe the potential ecotoxicity of these contaminants. In particular, the effects on larval development, growth and metabolism were assessed during 48 h of exposure from the time of egg fertilization. The results confirm that AMPA and its parent compound, glyphosate have similar toxicity, as observed in other marine invertebrates. However, interestingly, the Roundup® formulation seemed to be less toxic than the glyphosate alone.

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Biometric characteristics of the wild population of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) on the Tunisian coast

Thalassas An International Journal of Marine Sciences ◽

10.1007/s41208-021-00301-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

F. Sellem ◽

B. Bouhaouala-Zahar

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Wild Population ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Biometric Data ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Tunisian Coast ◽

Population Discrimination ◽

Positive Growth ◽

Negative Growth

AbstractThe present study was conducted to provide biometric data of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus along the Tunisian coastline where thirteen marine localities were selected randomly. A total of 653 individuals were collected and their metric and weight measurements were recorded. The size distribution of the different samples was determined and relative growth expressions were deduced. Data analysis showed that all localities’ samples of the wild population were dominated by one-size class, except Port Prince and Haouaria. Interestingly, only diameter-height relationships (D-H) were different between the geographical localities. Diameter-weight relationships (D-TW and D-TWTE) revealed a significant negative growth for all the localities, with the exception of Gammarth which showed positive growth for total weight (D-TW). Moreover, the multivariable analysis revealed divergences and/or similarities between metric and weight variables. Altogether, data highlights the inter-population discrimination with respect to geographic localization and clear segregation between the northern and the eastern localities demonstrated the plasticity of the species.

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