scholarly journals Contrast-enhanced sonography with biomimetic lung surfactant nanodrops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec N. Thomas ◽  
Kang-Ho Song ◽  
Awaneesh Upadhyay ◽  
Virginie Papadopoulou ◽  
David Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Acoustic Droplet Vaporization ◽  
Droplet Vaporization ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Biomimetic Approach ◽  
The Stability

AbstractNanodrops comprising a perfluorocarbon liquid core can be acoustically vaporized into echogenic microbubbles for ultrasound imaging. Packaging the microbubble in its condensed liquid state provides distinct advantages, including in situ activation of the acoustic signal, longer circulation persistence, and the advent of expanded diagnostic and therapeutic applications in pathologies which exhibit compromised vasculature. One obstacle to clinical translation is the inability of the limited surfactant present on the nanodrop to encapsulate the greatly expanded microbubble interface, resulting in ephemeral microbubbles with limited utility. In this study, we examine a biomimetic approach to stabilizing an expanding gas surface by employing the lung surfactant replacement, Beractant. Lung surfactant contains a suite of lipids and surfactant proteins that provides efficient shuttling of material from bilayer folds to the monolayer surface. We therefore hypothesized that Beractant would improve stability of acoustically vaporized microbubbles. To test this hypothesis, we characterized Beractant surface dilation mechanics and revealed a novel biophysical phenomenon of rapid interfacial melting, spreading and re-solidification. We then harnessed this unique spreading capability to increase the stability and echogenicity of microbubbles produced after acoustic droplet vaporization for in vivo ultrasound imaging. Such biomimetic lung surfactant-stabilized nanodrops may be useful for applications in ultrasound imaging and therapy.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals In Vivo Microscopy of Targeted Vessel Occlusion Employing Acoustic Droplet Vaporization

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANLEY SAMUEL ◽  
AMBROISE DUPREY ◽  
MARIO L. FABIILLI ◽  
JOSEPH L. BULL ◽  
JEFFREY BRIAN FOWLKES
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Microscopy ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Acoustic Droplet Vaporization ◽  
Droplet Vaporization

scholarly journals From Micro- to Nano-Multifunctional Theranostic Platform: Effective Ultrasound Imaging Is Not Just a Matter of Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 153601211877821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zullino ◽  
Monica Argenziano ◽  
Ilaria Stura ◽  
Caterina Guiot ◽  
Roberta Cavalli
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agents ◽  
Acoustic Droplet Vaporization ◽  
Droplet Vaporization ◽  
Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast

Ultrasound Contrast Agents (UCAs) consisting of gas-filled-coated Microbubbles (MBs) with diameters between 1 and 10 µm have been used for a number of decades in diagnostic imaging. In recent years, submicron contrast agents have proven to be a viable alternative to MBs for ultrasound (US)-based applications for their capability to extravasate and accumulate in the tumor tissue via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. After a short overview of the more recent approaches to ultrasound-mediated imaging and therapeutics at the nanoscale, phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs), which can be phase-transitioned into highly echogenic MBs by means of US, are here presented. The phenomenon of acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) to produce bubbles is widely investigated for both imaging and therapeutic applications to develop promising theranostic platforms.

scholarly journals In Vivo Assessment of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Grade: A Model Incorporating Dynamic Contrast-enhanced and Diffusion-weighted Breast MR Imaging Parameters

Radiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Rahbar ◽  
Savannah C. Partridge ◽  
Wendy B. DeMartini ◽  
Robert L. Gutierrez ◽  
Kimberly H. Allison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Imaging Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Breast Mr ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
In Vivo Assessment

scholarly journals Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging and in Vivo Circulatory Kinetics with Low-Boiling-Point Nanoscale Phase-Change Perfluorocarbon Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 814-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Sheeran ◽  
Juan D. Rojas ◽  
Connor Puett ◽  
Jordan Hjelmquist ◽  
Christopher B. Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

scholarly journals Ultrasound imaging of apoptosis: high-resolution non-invasive monitoring of programmed cell death in vitro, in situ and in vivo

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Czarnota ◽  
M C Kolios ◽  
J Abraham ◽  
M Portnoy ◽  
F P Ottensmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Digital dissection of the pelvis and hindlimb of the red-legged running frog, Phlyctimantis maculatus, using Diffusible Iodine Contrast Enhanced computed microtomography (DICE μCT)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber J. Collings ◽  
Christopher T. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Pelvic Morphology ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Musculoskeletal Anatomy ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
Functionally Diverse ◽  
3D Anatomy ◽  
3D Digital Models

Background The current study applies both traditional and Diffusible Iodine Contrast Enhanced computed microtomography (DICE µCT) techniques to reveal the musculoskeletal anatomy of Phlyctimantis maculatus. DICE µCT has emerged as a powerful tool to visualise intricate musculoskeletal anatomy. By generating 3D digital models, anatomical analyses can be conducted non-destructively, preserving the in situ 3D topography of the system, therefore eliminating some of the drawbacks associated with traditional methods. We aim to describe the musculature of the spine, pelvis, and hindlimb, compare the musculoskeletal anatomy and pelvic morphology of P. maculatus with functionally diverse frogs, and produce 3D digital anatomy reference data. Method An adult frog was stained using an aqueous Lugol’s solution and scanned in a SkyScan1176 in vivo µCT scanner. Scan images were reconstructed, resampled, and digitally segmented to produce a 3D model. A further adult female frog was dissected traditionally for visualisation of tendinous insertions. Results Our work revealed three main findings: (1) P. maculatus has similar gross muscular anatomy to Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) but is distinct from those species that exhibit ancestral traits (leopelmids) and those that are highly specialised (pipids), (2) P. maculatus’s pelvic anatomy best fits the description of Emerson’s walking/hopping pelvic morphotype IIA, and (3) a split in the semimembranosus and gracilis major muscles is consistent with the reported myology in other anuran species. Discussion While DICE µCT methods were instrumental in characterising the 3D anatomy, traditional dissection was still required to visualise important structures such as the knee aponeurosis, tendinous insertions, and fasciae. Nonetheless, the anatomical data presented here marks the first detailed digital description of an arboreal and terrestrial frog. Further, our digital model presents P. maculatus as a good frog model system and as such has formed a crucial platform for further functional analysis within the anuran pelvis and hindlimb.

scholarly journals LncRNA AC245100.4 binds HSP90 to promote the proliferation of prostate cancer

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 1257-1271
Author(s):  
Rongjun Cui ◽  
Chi Liu ◽  
Ping Lin ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Chaperone Function ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Iκb Kinase ◽  
Rna Immunoprecipitation ◽  
The Stability

Aim: To investigate the role and mechanisms of AC245100.4 in prostate cancer. Materials & methods: The expression and location of AC245100.4 were examined using real-time PCR and  in situ hybridization. Cell Counting Kit-8, clone formation, flow cytometry and in vivo assays were conducted to determine the role of AC245100.4. RNA antisense purification with mass spectrometry and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to identify proteins that bind to AC245100.4. Western blotting was performed to quantify the expression of protein. Results: AC245100.4 expression was upregulated in prostate cancer and mainly located in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of AC245100.4 inhibited proliferation of prostate cancer. Mechanistically, AC245100.4 bound to HSP90 and altered its chaperone function, increased the stability of IκB kinase and activated the NFκB signaling pathway. Conclusion: AC245100.4 promotes the proliferation of prostate cancer via binding of HSP90.

scholarly journals Nonlinear intestinal absorption kinetics of cefuroxime axetil in rats.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ruiz-Balaguer ◽  
A Nacher ◽  
V G Casabo ◽  
M Merino
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Cefuroxime Axetil ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
The Stability

Cefuroxime is commercially available for parenteral administration as a sodium salt and for oral administration as cefuroxime axetil, the 1-(acetoxy)ethyl ester of the drug. Cefuroxime axetil is a prodrug of cefuroxime and has little, if any, antibacterial activity until hydrolyzed in vivo to cefuroxime. In this study, the absorption of cefuroxime axetil in the small intestines of anesthetized rats was investigated in situ, by perfusion at four concentrations (11.8, 5, 118 and 200 microM). Oral absorption of cefuroxime axetil can apparently be described as a specialized transport mechanism which obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Parameters characterizing absorption of prodrug in free solution were obtained: maximum rate of absorption (Vmax) = 289.08 +/- 46.26 microM h-1, and Km = 162.77 +/- 31.17 microM. Cefuroxime axetil transport was significantly reduced in the presence of the enzymatic inhibitor sodium azide. On the other hand, the prodrug was metabolized in the gut wall through contact with membrane-bound enzymes in the brush border membrane before absorption occurred. This process reduces the prodrug fraction directly available for absorption. From a bioavailability point of view, therefore, the effects mentioned above can explain the variable and poor bioavailability following oral administration of cefuroxime axetil. Thus, future strategies in oral cefuroxime axetil absorption should focus on increasing the stability of the prodrug in the intestine by modifying the prodrug structure and/or targeting the compound to the absorption site.

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