scholarly journals Finger Sweat Analysis Enables Short Interval Metabolic Biomonitoring in Humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Brunmair ◽  
Laura Niederstaetter ◽  
Benjamin Neuditschko ◽  
Andrea Bileck ◽  
Astrid Slany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sweat Production ◽  
Interval Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedures

AbstractMetabolic biomonitoring in humans is typically based on the sampling of blood, plasma or urine. Although established in the clinical routine, these sampling procedures are often associated with a variety of compliance issues and are impractical for performing time-course studies. The analysis of the minute amounts of sweat sampled from the fingertip enables a solution to this challenge. Sweat sampling from the fingertip is non-invasive and robust and can be accomplished repeatedly by untrained personnel. This matrix represents a rich source for metabolomic phenotyping, which is exemplified by the detection of roughly 50’000 features per sample. Moreover, the determined limits of detection demonstrate that the ingestion of 200 μg of a xenobiotic may be sufficient for its detection in sweat from the fingertip. The feasibility of short interval sampling of sweat from the fingertips was confirmed in three time-course studies after coffee consumption or ingestion of a caffeine capsule, successfully monitoring all known caffeine metabolites. Fluctuations in the rate of sweat production were accounted for by mathematical modelling to reveal individual rates of caffeine uptake, metabolism and clearance. Biomonitoring using sweat from the fingertip has far reaching implications for personalised medical diagnostics and biomarker discovery.

scholarly journals Finger sweat analysis enables short interval metabolic biomonitoring in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Brunmair ◽  
Mathias Gotsmy ◽  
Laura Niederstaetter ◽  
Benjamin Neuditschko ◽  
Andrea Bileck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Metabolic Phenotyping ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sweat Production ◽  
Interval Sampling ◽  
Sampling Procedures

AbstractMetabolic biomonitoring in humans is typically based on the sampling of blood, plasma or urine. Although established in the clinical routine, these sampling procedures are often associated with a variety of compliance issues, which are impeding time-course studies. Here, we show that the metabolic profiling of the minute amounts of sweat sampled from fingertips addresses this challenge. Sweat sampling from fingertips is non-invasive, robust and can be accomplished repeatedly by untrained personnel. The sweat matrix represents a rich source for metabolic phenotyping. We confirm the feasibility of short interval sampling of sweat from the fingertips in time-course studies involving the consumption of coffee or the ingestion of a caffeine capsule after a fasting interval, in which we successfully monitor all known caffeine metabolites as well as endogenous metabolic responses. Fluctuations in the rate of sweat production are accounted for by mathematical modelling to reveal individual rates of caffeine uptake, metabolism and clearance. To conclude, metabotyping using sweat from fingertips combined with mathematical network modelling shows promise for broad applications in precision medicine by enabling the assessment of dynamic metabolic patterns, which may overcome the limitations of purely compositional biomarkers.

scholarly journals Photonics of human saliva: potential optical methods for the screening of abnormal health conditions and infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijo Lukose ◽  
Sanoop Pavithran M. ◽  
Mithun N. ◽  
Ajaya Kumar Barik ◽  
Keerthilatha M. Pai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractHuman saliva can be treated as a pool of biological markers able to reflect on the state of personal health. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of optical devices for the analysis of body fluids. Several groups have carried out studies investigating the potential of saliva as a non-invasive and reliable clinical specimen for use in medical diagnostics. This brief review aims to highlight the optical technologies, mainly surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which are being used for the probing of saliva for diverse biomedical applications. Advances in bio photonics offer the promise of unambiguous, objective and fast detection of abnormal health conditions and viral infections (such as COVID-19) from the analysis of saliva.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Biomarkers for Cholangiocarcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3222
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Rodrigues ◽  
Arndt Vogel ◽  
Marco Arrese ◽  
Domingo C. Balderramo ◽  
Juan W. Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tumor Biopsy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tumor Stages ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Early Tumor

The increasing mortality rates of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) registered during the last decades are, at least in part, a result of the lack of accurate non-invasive biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, making the identification of patients who might benefit from potentially curative approaches (i.e., surgery) extremely challenging. The obscure CCA pathogenesis and associated etiological factors, as well as the lack of symptoms in patients with early tumor stages, highly compromises CCA identification and to predict tumor development in at-risk populations. Currently, CCA diagnosis is accomplished by the combination of clinical/biochemical features, radiological imaging and non-specific serum tumor biomarkers, although a tumor biopsy is still needed to confirm disease diagnosis. Furthermore, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are still lacking and urgently needed. During the recent years, high-throughput omics-based approaches have identified novel circulating biomarkers (diagnostic and prognostic) that might be included in large, international validation studies in the near future. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most recent advances in the field of biomarker discovery in CCA, providing new insights and future research directions.

scholarly journals In vivo multiphoton imaging for non‐invasive time course assessment of retinoids effects on human skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-803
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Tancrède‐Bohin ◽  
Thérèse Baldeweck ◽  
Sébastien Brizion ◽  
Etienne Decencière ◽  
Steeve Victorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging ◽  
Course Assessment ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Urine peptidomic biomarkers for diagnosis of patients with systematic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pejchinovski ◽  
J Siwy ◽  
W Mullen ◽  
H Mischak ◽  
M A Petri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Improve Patient

Background Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized with various complications which can cause serious organ damage in the human body. Despite the significant improvements in disease management of SLE patients, the non-invasive diagnosis is entirely missing. In this study, we used urinary peptidomic biomarkers for early diagnosis of disease onset to improve patient risk stratification, vital for effective drug treatment. Methods Urine samples from patients with SLE, lupus nephritis (LN) and healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) for state-of-the-art biomarker discovery. Results A biomarker panel made up of 65 urinary peptides was developed that accurately discriminated SLE without renal involvement from HC patients. The performance of the SLE-specific panel was validated in a multicentric independent cohort consisting of patients without SLE but with different renal disease and LN. This resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.80 ( p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.90) corresponding to a sensitivity and a specificity of 83% and 73%, respectively. Based on the end terminal amino acid sequences of the biomarker peptides, an in silico methodology was used to identify the proteases that were up or down-regulated. This identified matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as being mainly responsible for the peptides fragmentation. Conclusions A laboratory-based urine test was successfully established for early diagnosis of SLE patients. Our approach determined the activity of several proteases and provided novel molecular information that could potentially influence treatment efficacy.

Synchronization ofE. coliO157 shedding in a grass-fed beef herd: a longitudinal study

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3244-3255 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. C. LAMMERS ◽  
C. S. McCONNEL ◽  
D. JORDAN ◽  
M. S. AYTON ◽  
S. MORRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
Interval Sampling

SUMMARYThis study aims to describe in detail the temporal dynamics ofE. coliO157 shedding and risk factors for shedding in a grass-fed beef herd. During a 9-month period, 23 beef cows were sampled twice a week (58 sampling points) andE. coliO157 was enumerated from faecal samples. Isolates were screened by PCR for presence ofrfbE,stx1andstx2. The prevalence per sampling day ranged from 0% to 57%. This study demonstrates that many members of the herd were concurrently sheddingE. coliO157. Occurrence of rainfall (P< 0·01), feeding silage (P< 0·01) and lactating (P< 0·01) were found to be predictors of shedding. Moving cattle to a new paddock had a negative effect on shedding. This approach, based on short-interval sampling, confirms the known variability of shedding within a herd and highlights that high shedding events are rare.

Uptake of leucine by Chlorella symbionts of green hydra

1988 ◽  
Vol 234 (1276) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Green Hydra ◽  
The Difference

Cells of a Chlorella sp. symbiotic with green hydra were able to take up leucine via a high-affinity transport mechanism after isolation from the symbiosis, and to incorporate sequestered amino acid into protein. The time course of uptake of leucine by Chlorella cells in the intact symbiosis was followed after hydra were fed with nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina that had been labelled with radioactive leucine. Uptake proceeded in two stages, the first more rapid than the second, separated by a short interval in which there was a consistently observed decrease in the amount of radioactivity per cell. Although leucine from Artemia free amino acid pools was accumulated disproportionately by Chlorella cells in symbiosis, this was not sufficient to explain the initial rapid phase of uptake, nor could changes in rate of uptake with time after feeding be explained by changes in properties of the Chlorella cells. Rather, slower uptake in the second phase, and the decrease in amount of radioactivity per cell which preceded it, were probably due to changes in supply of amino acids to the Chlorella cells. Amino acids transported by the same system as leucine caused efflux of accumulated leucine from isolated Chlorella cells when present in high external concentrations. Thus the observed accumulation of radioactivity in symbiosis may have been the difference between unidirectional influx and unidirectional efflux of leucine dependent upon changes in external concentrations of unlabelled amino acids from Artemia or from hydra pools. This is discussed with reference to host control of algal cell division, which has been shown to be dependent upon supply of a ‘division factor’ from host food.

Physiological validation of a non-invasive method to evaluate adrenocortical activity and the time course for the excretion of stress hormones in the feces of three species of desert gerbils

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. St. Juliana ◽  
Jocelyn L. Bryant ◽  
Nadja Wielebnowski ◽  
Burt P. Kotler
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Desert Rodents ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Time Frames

We evaluated the suitability of a corticosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to monitor excretion of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) in response to Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and saline injections in three desert rodent species (Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi (GA), Gerbillus nanus (GN), and Gerbilis piridium (GP). We exposed 24 gerbils (N = 9 for GA, N = 7 for GN, N = 8 for GP) to an ACTH and a saline injection at different times. Fecal samples were collected hourly for 24 hours after injection. The average starting concentration (baseline) FGM concentration was 797 ng/g for GA, 183 ng/g for GN, and 749 ng/g for GP. The average peak concentration was 2377 ng/g for GA, 589 ng/g for GN, and 1987 ng/g for GP. We were able to provide a physiological validation for the chosen assay in GAs and GPs, however, our results for GNs were less clear. We found an increase in FGM concentrations on average after 5.5 hours in GA, 3.1 hours in GN, and 3.8 hours in GP. We found a peak in FGM concentration on average after 8.8 hours in GA, 5.6 hours in GN, and 10.3 hours in GP. We determined that FGM concentration returned to starting value on average after 14.4 hours in GA, 9.1 hours in GN, and 15.1 hours in GP. The outcomes of this study can help establish trapping protocols and time frames for FGM monitoring of these wild small mammal populations. The time course for excretion of FGM is similar between the species in this study, and comparable to some non-desert rodents. We found high variation in the time course of excretion within species. This variation needs to be taken into account when monitoring stress responses in the field. By assessing adrenocortical activity using FGM monitoring, stress responses to varying ecological and environmental factors can be reliably examined in the field.

Progressive leukoencephalopathy caused by primary CNS lymphoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Matošević ◽  
Michael Knoflach ◽  
Martin Furtner ◽  
Thaddäus Gotwald ◽  
Hans Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Tissue

Prominent leukoaraiosis is common in the clinical routine setting. In addition to microatheroma and hypertensive small vessel disease (lipohyalinosis), a large number of rare but clinically relevant differential diagnoses have to be considered. A man in his 60s presented with left pontine infarction and subsequent rapidly deteriorating leukoaraiosis associated with dementia. Standard non-invasive examination did not enable the correct diagnosis to be obtained. A brain biopsy sample revealed a combination of diffuse infiltrating and intravascular large B cell central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, which has not previously been described in literature. Despite immediate treatment with state of the art chemotherapy, the patient died 3 months after the onset of symptoms. Diffuse infiltrating and intravascular primary CNS lymphoma is a rare cause of rapidly progressive leukoencephalopathy and stroke mediated by neoplastic microvessel occlusion and inflammatory tissue damage. This report intends to increase awareness among neurologists and other stroke physicians about this disease in order to accelerate diagnosis and initiation of treatment.

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