scholarly journals Influence of E/I balance and pruning in peri-personal space differences in schizophrenia: a computational approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Paredes ◽  
Francesca Ferri ◽  
Peggy Seriès
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Tactile Discrimination ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe encoding of the space close to the body, named peri-personal space (PPS), is thought to play a crucial role in the unusual experiences of the self observed in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, it is unclear why SCZ patients and high schizotypal (H-SPQ) individuals present a narrower PPS and why the boundaries of the PPS are more sharply defined in patients. We hypothesise that the unusual PPS representation observed in SCZ is caused by an imbalance of excitation and inhibition (E/I) in recurrent synapses of unisensory neurons or an impairment of bottom-up and top-down connectivity between unisensory and multisensory neurons. These hypotheses were tested computationally by manipulating the effects of E/I imbalance, feedback weights and synaptic density in the network. Using simulations we explored the effects of such impairments in the PPS representation generated by the network and fitted the model to behavioural data. We found that increased excitation of sensory neurons could account for the smaller PPS observed in SCZ and H-SPQ, whereas a decrease of synaptic density caused the sharp definition of the PPS observed in SCZ. We propose a novel conceptual model of PPS representation in the SCZ spectrum that can account for alterations in self-world demarcation, failures in tactile discrimination and symptoms observed in patients.

scholarly journals Visual self-motion feedback affects the sense of self in virtual reality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrieann Schettler ◽  
Ian Holstead ◽  
John Turri ◽  
Michael Barnett-Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Self Motion

AbstractWe assessed how self-motion affects the visual representation of the self. We constructed a novel virtual reality experiment that systematically varied an avatar’s motion and also biological sex. Participants were presented with pairs of avatars that visually represented the participant (“self avatar”), or another person (“opposite avatar”). Avatar motion either corresponded with the participant’s motion, or was decoupled from the participant’s motion. The results show that participants identified with i) “self avatars” over “opposite avatars”, ii) avatars moving congruently with self-motion over incongruent motion, and importantly iii) identification with the “opposite avatar” over the “self avatar” when the opposite avatar’s motion was congruent with self-motion. Our results suggest that both self-motion and biological sex are relevant to the body schema and body image and that congruent bottom-up visual feedback of self-motion is particularly important for the sense of self and capable of overriding top-down self-identification factors such as biological sex.

scholarly journals Confessione e biografia: per un avvenire fondato nella storia. Note a partire da Jacques Derrida e Jean-Luc Marion

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Francesca Peruzzotti
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Theology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to draw a connection between Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Marion in regard to the role of negative theology. This scrutiny shows meaningful contributions of the Authors to a new definition of subjectivity in a post-metaphysical age, and their consideration about which possibilities are still open for a non-predetermined history given outside of the presence domain. The future is neither a totalisation of history by its end, nor a simple continuation of the present. It is an eschatological event, where the relationship with the other plays a crucial role for the self-constitution. Such an interlacement is generated by the confession, where the link between past and future is not causally determined, but instead it is self-witness, as in Augustine’s masterpiece, essential reference for both the Authors

scholarly journals Privacy and Social Media: Defining Privacy in the Usage of Path

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashita Phitaloka Fandia Purwaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Space Construction ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Definition Of

The existence of social media has changed the landscape of human’s relationship. Through social media, people are able to present many versions of themselves in many platforms. In this era of polymediation of the self, the discussion regarding to privacy becomes arguable, moreover, with the presence of Path; a social media platform which presents itself as a private social media. Hence, in the sociocultural context of Indonesian society, it is important to see how the definition of privacy is constructed by the existence of Path. Therefore, this research is conducted in order to analyze and explore how privacy is perceived by the social media users nowadays, particularly the users of Path, and why they perceive it in that certain way. This research is conducted with ethnography as the main method and virtual ethnography as the supporting method. From the research, it is found that users’ way of defining privacy is embodied in two levels: online self-presentation and personal space construction. In the first level, the stages of privacy offered by Path have created the fragmented-self among users. This fragmentation has resulted in “the ambivalent self”, “self that desires recognition”, and “self that searches for freedom”. In the second level, the mediality of Path has served the users of the ability to construct their own personal space in social media space. This construction of the personal space has resulted in “space of comfort in similarity”, “space of pseudo-liberation”, and “space that demolishes the panoptic”. Henceforth, these findings lead to a conclusion that usage practices of social media has killed the authentic self and created a personal space that gives the sense of the absence of control, hierarchy, and social surveillance. Eventually, privacy for Path is defined by the process of exchange of “the self and personal information” with “social recognition, sense of equality, and reciprocal relationship”.

scholarly journals The Self in Verse. Exploring Autobiographical Poetry. Editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. SV1-SV12
Author(s):  
Johannes Görbert ◽  
Marie Lindskov Hansen ◽  
Jeffrey Charles Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Autobiographical Poetry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This editorial introduces the four articles of the section “The Self in Verse. Exploring Autobiographical Poetry” and connects their specific findings to a variety of more general aspects in the study of life-writing. It sketches out preliminary considerations concerning the definition of autobiographical poetry and the relevance of paratexts and autofictionality for the genre. Furthermore, it outlines some of the most common recurring themes in poems dealing with autobiographical issues, such as writing (through) the body and exploring life’s crises, watersheds, and crossroads lyrically. We advocate for a more comprehensive study of autobiographical poetry as a form of life-writing that, in our view, has not yet been investigated systematically, neither by historical nor by theoretical approaches in literary and cultural studies.

Sensitive limit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechthild Fend
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Art ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter focuses on the significance of skin in neoclassical art and aesthetics. The most distinctive features of neoclassicism - an emphasis on the contour and a preference for more finished surfaces - are understood as elements crucial for the visual formation and understanding of the human body, its surface and borderlines. The culture of neoclassicism, extending well beyond the realm of art and art discourse, was generally characterised by a heightened concern with the shaping of the body and the safeguarding of its boundaries. Skin as the body's physical demarcation, was increasingly perceived not merely as an envelope and organ, but as the boundary of the self. The chapter considers the new attention to skin and contour in late eighteenth-century French art discourse, in particular in Watelet's and Levesque's Dictionnaire des beaux-arts. It equally looks at the discussion of membranes and the definition of skin as ‘sensitive limit‘ in the works of anatomist Xavier Bichat and analyses a set of portraits by Jacques-Louis David painted in the aftermath of the French Revolution.

Embodied identity – gendered body

Physiotherapy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Banaszak
Keyword(s):  
Female Identity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male Identity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn the literature one often comes across a thesis that body plays more relevant role in the development of female identity than in the development of male identity. Beauty and appearance are treated as key factors among numerous categories explicating the thesis. The beauty is considered to be the key feature in the definition of women, hence the appearance should be more relevant to female’s identity and should constitute the self and expansively introduce the body into consciousness and self-consciousness. Such a paradigm of relations between body and identity indicates that male’s identity is less embodied. What if it is not less embodied but anchored in different categories than appearance and beauty? What are these categories? Are these categories equally expansive in the introduction of body into consciousness and self-consciousness? An attempt to provide answers to these questions is based on interviews focused on the variety of experiences of nudity.

scholarly journals Visual Self-Motion Feedback Affects the Sense of Self in Virtual Reality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aubrieann Schettler ◽  
Ian Holstead ◽  
John Turri ◽  
Michael Barnett-Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Self Motion

Abstract We assessed how self-motion affects the visual representation of the self. We constructed a novel virtual-reality experiment that systematically varied an avatar’s motion and also biological sex. Participants were presented with pairs of avatars that visually represented the participant (‘self-avatar’), or another person (‘opposite avatar’). Avatar motion either corresponded with the participant’s motion, or was decoupled from the participant’s motion. The results show that participants identified with (i) ‘self-avatars’ over ‘opposite-avatars’, (ii) avatars moving congruently with self-motion over incongruent motion, and importantly (iii) with the ‘opposite avatar’ over the ‘self-avatar’ when the opposite avatar’s motion was congruent with self-motion. Our results suggest that both self-motion and biological sex are relevant to the body schema and body image and that congruent bottom-up visual feedback of self-motion is particularly important for the sense of self and capable of overriding top-down self-identification factors such as biological sex.

Derrida on Pornography: Putting (It) Up for Sale

Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Original ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Academic Debate

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.

The Meaning of Children's Poetry: A Cognitive Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Coats
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Holding Environment ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Clear Sense ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Children's Poetry

Critical attention to children's poetry has been hampered by the lack of a clear sense of what a children's poem is and how children's poetry should be valued. Often, it is seen as a lesser genre in comparison to poetry written for adults. This essay explores the premises and contradictions that inform existing critical discourse on children's poetry and asserts that a more effective way of viewing children's poetry can be achieved through cognitive poetics rather than through comparisons with adult poetry. Arguing that children's poetry preserves the rhythms and pleasures of the body in language and facilitates emotional and physical attunement with others, the essay examines the crucial role children's poetry plays in creating a holding environment in language to help children manage their sensory environments, map and regulate their neurological functions, contain their existential anxieties, and participate in communal life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document