scholarly journals The impact of exercise intensity on neurophysiological indices of food-related inhibitory control and cognitive control: A randomized crossover event-related potential (ERP) study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Bailey ◽  
Alexandra M. Muir ◽  
Ciera L. Bartholomew ◽  
William F. Christensen ◽  
Kaylie A. Carbine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFood-related inhibitory control, the ability to withhold a dominant response towards highly palatable foods, influences dietary decisions. Food-related inhibitory control abilities may increase following a bout of aerobic exercise; however, the impact of exercise intensity on both food-related inhibitory control and broader cognitive control processes is currently unclear. We used a high-powered, within-subjects, crossover design to test how relative intensity of aerobic exercise influenced behavioral (response time, accuracy) and neural (N2 and P3 components of the scalp-recorded event-related potential [ERP]) measures of food-related inhibitory and cognitive control. Two hundred and thirteen participants completed three separate conditions separated by approximately one week in randomized order: two exercise conditions (35% [moderate] or 70% [vigorous] of VO2max) and seated rest. Directly following exercise or rest, participants completed a food-based go/no-go task and a flanker task while electroencephalogram data were recorded. Linear mixed models showed generally faster response times (RT) and improved accuracy following vigorous exercise compared to rest, but not moderate-intensity exercise; RTs and accuracy did not differ between moderate intensity exercise and rest conditions. N2 and P3 amplitudes were larger following vigorous exercise for the food-based go/no-go task compared to rest and moderate intensity exercise. There were no differences between exercise conditions for N2 amplitude during the flanker task; however, P3 amplitude was more positive following vigorous compared to rest, but not moderate exercise. Gender did not moderate exercise outcomes. Results suggest improved and more efficient food- related recruitment of later inhibitory control and cognitive control processes following vigorous exercise.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Exercise Intensity and Neurophysiological Responses to Food Stimuli in Women: A Randomized Crossover Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaylie Amanda Carbine ◽  
Jillesa Anderson ◽  
Michael J. Larson ◽  
James D LeCheminant ◽  
Bruce Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Early Posterior Negativity ◽  
Food Images

We tested the effect of different intensities of acute exercise on hunger, and post-exercise energy intake, and neurophysiological measures of attention toward food- and non-food stimuli in women. In a within-subjects crossover design, forty-two women completed no exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, and vigorous-intensity exercise sessions separated by one week, in a counterbalanced fashion. At each session, participants completed a passive viewing task of food (high- and low-calorie) and non-food pictures while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded. The early posterior negativity (EPN), P3, and late positive potential (LPP) components of the event-related potential (ERP) measured neurophysiological responses. Subjective ratings of hunger were measured before and immediately after each condition using a visual analog scale (VAS) and food intake was measured using an ad libitum snack buffet offered at the end of each condition. Results indicated that hunger levels increased as time passed for all sessions. EPN amplitude was larger to non-food compared to food images; P3 amplitude was larger to food than non-food items. LPP amplitude did not differ by high-calorie, low-calorie, or non-food images. Notably, there were no significant main effects or interactions of any ERP component amplitude as a function of exercise intensity. Food intake also did not differ by rest or moderate or vigorous exercise, although subjective arousal ratings to the images were higher after moderate and vigorous exercise compared to rest. Food images also had higher arousal and valence ratings than non-food images overall. Findings indicate that, in this sample, bouts of acute exercise at any intensity did not disproportionately affect neurophysiological measures of attention to food or non-food stimuli, caloric intake, or hunger ratings.

Early postnatal overnutrition impairs VO2max gains with moderate exercise and increase post-exercise muscle damage in adult male rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Douglas Lopes Almeida ◽  
Gabriel Sergio Fabricio ◽  
Laize Peron Tófolo ◽  
Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro ◽  
Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

Abstract Exercise counteracts obesity effects, but information on how early-life obesity may affect long-term adaptation to exercise is lacking. This study investigates the impact of early-life postnatal overfeeding (PO) on animals’ adaptation to exercise. Only male Wistar rats were used. On postnatal day (PN) 30, rats from control (NL-9 pups) or PO (SL-3 pups) litters were separated into four groups: NL-sedentary (NL-Se), NL-exercised (NL-Ex), SL-sedentary (SL-Se), and SL-exercised (SL-Ex). Exercised groups performed moderate-intensity exercise, running on a treadmill, from PN30 to PN90. Further experiments were carried out between PN90 and PN92. PO promoted obesity in SL versus NL rats (P < 0.05). Exercise reduced body weight (P < 0.001), body fat (P < 0.01), and improved glucose homeostasis in SL-Ex versus SL-Se. SL-Ex presented lower VO2max (P < 0.01) and higher post-exercise LDH (P < 0.05) compared to NL-Ex rats. Although moderate exercise counteracted obesity in SL rats, early-life overnutrition restricts fitness gains in adulthood, indicating that early obesity may impair animals’ adaptation to exercise.

scholarly journals MAP training: combining meditation and aerobic exercise reduces depression and rumination while enhancing synchronized brain activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Alderman ◽  
Ryan Olson ◽  
C.J. Brush ◽  
Tracey Shors
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Moderate Intensity

Mental and physical (MAP) training is a novel clinical intervention that combines mental training through meditation and physical training through aerobic exercise. The intervention was translated from neuroscientific studies indicating that MAP training increases neurogenesis in the adult brain. Each session consisted of 30 min of focused-attention (FA) meditation and 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Fifty-two participants completed the 8-week intervention, which consisted of two sessions per week. Following the intervention, individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 22) reported significantly less depressive symptoms and ruminative thoughts. Typical healthy individuals (n = 30) also reported less depressive symptoms at follow-up. Behavioral and event-related potential indices of cognitive control were collected at baseline and follow-up during a modified flanker task. Following MAP training, N2 and P3 component amplitudes increased relative to baseline, especially among individuals with MDD. These data indicate enhanced neural responses during the detection and resolution of conflicting stimuli. Although previous research has supported the individual beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and meditation for depression, these findings indicate that a combination of the two may be particularly effective in increasing cognitive control processes and decreasing ruminative thought patterns.

scholarly journals Dose-Response Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Inhibitory Control in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jung Tsai ◽  
Shu-Shih Hsieh ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

The present study aimed to examine whether the effect of acute aerobic exercise on inhibitory control of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is moderated by exercise intensity. Using a within-subjects design, 25 children with ADHD completed a flanker task with concurrent collection of electroencephalography (EEG) data after three different intensities of treadmill running. The results showed that low- and moderate-intensity exercises resulted in shorter reaction times (RTs) relative to vigorous-intensity exercise during the incompatible condition of the flanker task regardless of task congruency. A P3 congruency effect was observed following low- and vigorous-intensity exercises but not after moderate-intensity exercise. The mean alpha power, a measure of cortical arousal, increased following low- and moderate-intensity exercises but decreased following vigorous-intensity exercise. In addition, the change in arousal level after moderate-intensity exercise was negatively correlated with RT during incompatible flanker tasks. The current findings suggest that children with ADHD have better inhibitory control following both low- and moderate-intensity exercises relative to vigorous aerobic exercise, which could be characterized by an optimal state of cortical arousal.

scholarly journals Exercise During the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Risks of Abnormal Screening and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha F. Ehrlich ◽  
Assiamira Ferrara ◽  
Monique M. Hedderson ◽  
Juanran Feng ◽  
Romain Neugebauer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adaptive Estimation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Glucose Testing

<b>Objective:</b> To estimate the effects of exercise during the first trimester on the risks of abnormal screening and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> Data come from PETALS, a prospectively followed pregnancy cohort (n= 2,246, <a>79% minorities</a>) receiving care at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. A Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess exercise. Glucose testing results for screening and diagnostic tests were obtained from electronic health records. Inverse probability of treatment weighting and Targeted Maximum Likelihood with data-adaptive estimation (machine learning) of propensity scores and outcome regressions were used to obtain causal risk differences adjusted for potential confounders, including prepregnancy BMI, exercise before pregnancy, and gestational weight gain. Exercise was dichotomized at: 1) the cohort’s 75<sup>th</sup> percentile for moderate to vigorous intensity exercise (≥ 13.2 MET hours per week, approximately ≥ 264 minutes per week of moderate exercise), 2) current recommendations (≥ 7.5 MET hours per week, or ≥ 150 minutes per week of moderate exercise), and 3) any vigorous exercise. </p> <p><b>Results</b>: Overall, 24.3% and 6.5% had abnormal screening and GDM, respectively. Exercise meeting or exceeding the 75<sup>th</sup> percentile decreased the risks of abnormal screening and GDM, by 4.8 (95% CI 1.1, 8.5) and 2.1 (0.2, 4.1) fewer cases per 100, respectively, in adjusted analyses. </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: Exercise reduces the risks of abnormal screening and GDM but the amount needed to achieve these risk reductions is likely higher than current recommendations. Future interventions may consider promoting ≥ 38 minutes per day of moderate intensity exercise to prevent GDM. </p>

scholarly journals Exercise During the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Risks of Abnormal Screening and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha F. Ehrlich ◽  
Assiamira Ferrara ◽  
Monique M. Hedderson ◽  
Juanran Feng ◽  
Romain Neugebauer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adaptive Estimation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Glucose Testing

<b>Objective:</b> To estimate the effects of exercise during the first trimester on the risks of abnormal screening and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> Data come from PETALS, a prospectively followed pregnancy cohort (n= 2,246, <a>79% minorities</a>) receiving care at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. A Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess exercise. Glucose testing results for screening and diagnostic tests were obtained from electronic health records. Inverse probability of treatment weighting and Targeted Maximum Likelihood with data-adaptive estimation (machine learning) of propensity scores and outcome regressions were used to obtain causal risk differences adjusted for potential confounders, including prepregnancy BMI, exercise before pregnancy, and gestational weight gain. Exercise was dichotomized at: 1) the cohort’s 75<sup>th</sup> percentile for moderate to vigorous intensity exercise (≥ 13.2 MET hours per week, approximately ≥ 264 minutes per week of moderate exercise), 2) current recommendations (≥ 7.5 MET hours per week, or ≥ 150 minutes per week of moderate exercise), and 3) any vigorous exercise. </p> <p><b>Results</b>: Overall, 24.3% and 6.5% had abnormal screening and GDM, respectively. Exercise meeting or exceeding the 75<sup>th</sup> percentile decreased the risks of abnormal screening and GDM, by 4.8 (95% CI 1.1, 8.5) and 2.1 (0.2, 4.1) fewer cases per 100, respectively, in adjusted analyses. </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: Exercise reduces the risks of abnormal screening and GDM but the amount needed to achieve these risk reductions is likely higher than current recommendations. Future interventions may consider promoting ≥ 38 minutes per day of moderate intensity exercise to prevent GDM. </p>

scholarly journals Objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during thermo-neutral and hot yoga

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne N. Boyd ◽  
Stephanie M. Lannan ◽  
Micah N. Zuhl ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez ◽  
Rachael K. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Constant Intensity

While hot yoga has gained enormous popularity in recent years, owing in part to increased environmental challenge associated with exercise in the heat, it is not clear whether hot yoga is more vigorous than thermo-neutral yoga. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during constant intensity yoga in a hot and thermo-neutral environment. Using a randomized, crossover design, 14 participants completed 2 identical ∼20-min yoga sessions in a hot (35.3 ± 0.8 °C; humidity: 20.5% ± 1.4%) and thermo-neutral (22.1 ± 0.2 °C; humidity: 27.8% ± 1.6%) environment. Oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) were recorded as objective measures (percentage of maximal oxygen consumption and percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax)) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded as a subjective measure of exercise intensity. There was no difference in exercise intensity based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga (30.9% ± 2.3% vs. 30.5% ± 1.8%, p = 0.68). However, exercise intensity was significantly higher during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga based on %HRmax (67.0% ± 2.3% vs. 60.8% ± 1.9%, p = 0.01) and RPE (12 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1, p = 0.04). According to established exercise intensities, hot yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption but moderate-intensity exercise based on %HRmax and RPE while thermo-neutral yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen uptake, %HRmax, and RPE. Despite the added hemodynamic stress and perception that yoga is more strenuous in a hot environment, we observed similar oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga, classifying both exercise modalities as light-intensity exercise.

scholarly journals Effects of a school readiness intervention on electrophysiological indices of external response monitoring in children in foster care

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bruce ◽  
Katherine C. Pears ◽  
Jennifer Martin McDermott ◽  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
Philip A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Children In Foster Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examined the impact of a school readiness intervention on external response monitoring in children in foster care. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were collected during a flanker task from children who received the Kids In Transition to School (KITS) Program (n = 26) and children who received services as usual (n = 19) before and after the intervention. While there were no significant group differences on the behavioral data, the ERP data for the two groups of children significantly differed. Specifically, in contrast to the children who received services as usual, the children who received the KITS Program displayed greater amplitude differences between positive and negative performance feedback over time for the N1, which reflects early attention processes, and feedback-related negativity, which reflects evaluation processes. In addition, although the two groups did not differ on amplitude differences between positive and negative performance feedback for these ERP components before the intervention, the children who received the KITS Program displayed greater amplitude differences than the children who received services as usual after the intervention. These results suggest that the KITS Program had an effect on responsivity to external performance feedback, which may be beneficial during the transition into kindergarten.

scholarly journals Exercise intensity and the protection from postprandial vascular dysfunction in adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (11) ◽  
pp. H1443-H1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bond ◽  
P. E. Gates ◽  
S. R. Jackman ◽  
L. M. Corless ◽  
C. A. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Acute exercise transiently improves endothelial function and protects the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal (HFM). We sought to identify whether this response is dependent on exercise intensity in adolescents. Twenty adolescents (10 male, 14.3 ± 0.3 yr) completed three 1-day trials: 1) rest (CON); 2) 8 × 1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery [high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)]; and 3) cycling at 90% of the gas exchange threshold [moderate-intensity exercise (MIE)] 1 h before consuming a HFM (1.50 g/kg fat). Macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function was assessed before and immediately after exercise and 3 h after the HFM by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and laser Doppler imaging [peak reactive hyperemia (PRH)]. FMD and PRH increased 1 h after HIIE [ P < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 1.20 and P = 0.048, ES = 0.56] but were unchanged after MIE. FMD and PRH were attenuated 3 h after the HFM in CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.78 and P = 0.02, ES = 0.59). FMD remained greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE compared with MIE ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.47) and CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 2.54), and in MIE compared with CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.40). Compared with CON, PRH was greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE ( P = 0.02, ES = 0.71) and MIE ( P = 0.02, ES = 0.84), with no differences between HIIE and MIE ( P = 0.72, ES = 0.16). Plasma triacylglycerol concentration and total antioxidant status concentration were not different between trials. We conclude that exercise intensity plays an important role in protecting the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a HFM. Performing HIIE may provide superior vascular benefits than MIE in adolescent groups.

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