The Relationship Between Exercise Intensity and Neurophysiological Responses to Food Stimuli in Women: A Randomized Crossover Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study

We tested the effect of different intensities of acute exercise on hunger, and post-exercise energy intake, and neurophysiological measures of attention toward food- and non-food stimuli in women. In a within-subjects crossover design, forty-two women completed no exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, and vigorous-intensity exercise sessions separated by one week, in a counterbalanced fashion. At each session, participants completed a passive viewing task of food (high- and low-calorie) and non-food pictures while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded. The early posterior negativity (EPN), P3, and late positive potential (LPP) components of the event-related potential (ERP) measured neurophysiological responses. Subjective ratings of hunger were measured before and immediately after each condition using a visual analog scale (VAS) and food intake was measured using an ad libitum snack buffet offered at the end of each condition. Results indicated that hunger levels increased as time passed for all sessions. EPN amplitude was larger to non-food compared to food images; P3 amplitude was larger to food than non-food items. LPP amplitude did not differ by high-calorie, low-calorie, or non-food images. Notably, there were no significant main effects or interactions of any ERP component amplitude as a function of exercise intensity. Food intake also did not differ by rest or moderate or vigorous exercise, although subjective arousal ratings to the images were higher after moderate and vigorous exercise compared to rest. Food images also had higher arousal and valence ratings than non-food images overall. Findings indicate that, in this sample, bouts of acute exercise at any intensity did not disproportionately affect neurophysiological measures of attention to food or non-food stimuli, caloric intake, or hunger ratings.

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The impact of exercise intensity on neurophysiological indices of food-related inhibitory control and cognitive control: A randomized crossover event-related potential (ERP) study

10.1101/2020.11.10.377267 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bruce W. Bailey ◽

Alexandra M. Muir ◽

Ciera L. Bartholomew ◽

William F. Christensen ◽

Kaylie A. Carbine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Flanker Task ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Exercise ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Vigorous Exercise ◽

The Impact

AbstractFood-related inhibitory control, the ability to withhold a dominant response towards highly palatable foods, influences dietary decisions. Food-related inhibitory control abilities may increase following a bout of aerobic exercise; however, the impact of exercise intensity on both food-related inhibitory control and broader cognitive control processes is currently unclear. We used a high-powered, within-subjects, crossover design to test how relative intensity of aerobic exercise influenced behavioral (response time, accuracy) and neural (N2 and P3 components of the scalp-recorded event-related potential [ERP]) measures of food-related inhibitory and cognitive control. Two hundred and thirteen participants completed three separate conditions separated by approximately one week in randomized order: two exercise conditions (35% [moderate] or 70% [vigorous] of VO2max) and seated rest. Directly following exercise or rest, participants completed a food-based go/no-go task and a flanker task while electroencephalogram data were recorded. Linear mixed models showed generally faster response times (RT) and improved accuracy following vigorous exercise compared to rest, but not moderate-intensity exercise; RTs and accuracy did not differ between moderate intensity exercise and rest conditions. N2 and P3 amplitudes were larger following vigorous exercise for the food-based go/no-go task compared to rest and moderate intensity exercise. There were no differences between exercise conditions for N2 amplitude during the flanker task; however, P3 amplitude was more positive following vigorous compared to rest, but not moderate exercise. Gender did not moderate exercise outcomes. Results suggest improved and more efficient food- related recruitment of later inhibitory control and cognitive control processes following vigorous exercise.

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Exercise intensity and the protection from postprandial vascular dysfunction in adolescents

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00074.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 308 (11) ◽

pp. H1443-H1450 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

B. Bond ◽

P. E. Gates ◽

S. R. Jackman ◽

L. M. Corless ◽

C. A. Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Function ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

Reactive Hyperemia ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

High Intensity Interval

Acute exercise transiently improves endothelial function and protects the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal (HFM). We sought to identify whether this response is dependent on exercise intensity in adolescents. Twenty adolescents (10 male, 14.3 ± 0.3 yr) completed three 1-day trials: 1) rest (CON); 2) 8 × 1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery [high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)]; and 3) cycling at 90% of the gas exchange threshold [moderate-intensity exercise (MIE)] 1 h before consuming a HFM (1.50 g/kg fat). Macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function was assessed before and immediately after exercise and 3 h after the HFM by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and laser Doppler imaging [peak reactive hyperemia (PRH)]. FMD and PRH increased 1 h after HIIE [ P < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 1.20 and P = 0.048, ES = 0.56] but were unchanged after MIE. FMD and PRH were attenuated 3 h after the HFM in CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.78 and P = 0.02, ES = 0.59). FMD remained greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE compared with MIE ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.47) and CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 2.54), and in MIE compared with CON ( P < 0.001, ES = 1.40). Compared with CON, PRH was greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE ( P = 0.02, ES = 0.71) and MIE ( P = 0.02, ES = 0.84), with no differences between HIIE and MIE ( P = 0.72, ES = 0.16). Plasma triacylglycerol concentration and total antioxidant status concentration were not different between trials. We conclude that exercise intensity plays an important role in protecting the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a HFM. Performing HIIE may provide superior vascular benefits than MIE in adolescent groups.

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Effect of a Single Bout of Acute Aerobic Exercise at Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensities on Motor Learning, Retention and Transfer

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports8020015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Håvard Lorås ◽

Monika Haga ◽

Hermundur Sigmundsson

Keyword(s):

Motor Learning ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Vigorous Exercise ◽

Learning Retention

Acute exercise influences human cognition, and evidence suggests that learning can be improved. According to the cognitive–energetic approach towards exercise cognition, exercise represents a stressor that elevates physiological arousal, which, in turn, increases the availability of mental resources. However, the degree of arousal is hypothesized to have optimal and suboptimal states, and moderate intensity exercise is thus considered to be favorable compared to low intensity and vigorous exercise. The current evidence for such a moderating effect of exercise intensity on motor learning, however, appears somewhat mixed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of aerobic exercise conducted with different exercise intensities on immediate practice, transfer, and 24-h retention of a motor skill. To this end, young adults (n = 40, mean (SD) age: 23.80 (1.98) years) were randomized to exercise at either 50% or 75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate according to the Karvonen formulae. Immediately after exercising, participants practiced a high-precision golf putting task in a blocked design. Retention and transfer of skill were assessed after 24 h. Results indicated that both groups demonstrated motor learning, retention, and transfer at a similar level. Further works are thus needed to establish the specific relationship between exercise and learning and establish the factors that have an influence.

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Acute high-intensity endurance exercise is more effective than moderate-intensity exercise for attenuation of postprandial triglyceride elevation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01028.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 114 (6) ◽

pp. 792-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Justin R. Trombold ◽

Kevin M. Christmas ◽

Daniel R. Machin ◽

Il-Young Kim ◽

Edward F. Coyle

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

High Intensity ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Postprandial Triglyceride ◽

Experimental Treatments

Acute exercise has been shown to attenuate postprandial plasma triglyceride elevation (PPTG). However, the direct contribution of exercise intensity is less well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise intensity on PPTG and postprandial fat oxidation. One of three experimental treatments was performed in healthy young men ( n = 6): nonexercise control (CON), moderate-intensity exercise (MIE; 50% V̇o2peak for 60 min), or isoenergetic high-intensity exercise (HIE; alternating 2 min at 25% and 2 min at 90% V̇o2peak). The morning after the exercise, a standardized meal was provided (16 kcal/kg BM, 1.02 g fat/kg, 1.36 g CHO/kg, 0.31 g PRO/kg), and measurements of plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG), glucose, insulin, and β-hydroxybutyrate were made in the fasted condition and hourly for 6 h postprandial. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine fat oxidation in the fasted condition and 2, 4, and 6 h postprandial. Compared with CON, both MIE and HIE significantly attenuated PPTG [incremental AUC; 75.2 (15.5%), P = 0.033, and 54.9 (13.5%), P = 0.001], with HIE also significantly lower than MIE ( P = 0.03). Postprandial fat oxidation was significantly higher in MIE [83.3 (10.6%) of total energy expenditure] and HIE [89.1 (9.8) %total] compared with CON [69.0 (16.1) %total, P = 0.039, and P = 0.018, respectively], with HIE significantly greater than MIE ( P = 0.012). We conclude that, despite similar energy expenditure, HIE was more effective than MIE for lowering PPTG and increasing postprandial fat oxidation.

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Objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during thermo-neutral and hot yoga

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2017-0495 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 397-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Corinne N. Boyd ◽

Stephanie M. Lannan ◽

Micah N. Zuhl ◽

Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez ◽

Rachael K. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Subjective Measures ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Constant Intensity

While hot yoga has gained enormous popularity in recent years, owing in part to increased environmental challenge associated with exercise in the heat, it is not clear whether hot yoga is more vigorous than thermo-neutral yoga. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine objective and subjective measures of exercise intensity during constant intensity yoga in a hot and thermo-neutral environment. Using a randomized, crossover design, 14 participants completed 2 identical ∼20-min yoga sessions in a hot (35.3 ± 0.8 °C; humidity: 20.5% ± 1.4%) and thermo-neutral (22.1 ± 0.2 °C; humidity: 27.8% ± 1.6%) environment. Oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR) were recorded as objective measures (percentage of maximal oxygen consumption and percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax)) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded as a subjective measure of exercise intensity. There was no difference in exercise intensity based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga (30.9% ± 2.3% vs. 30.5% ± 1.8%, p = 0.68). However, exercise intensity was significantly higher during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga based on %HRmax (67.0% ± 2.3% vs. 60.8% ± 1.9%, p = 0.01) and RPE (12 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 1, p = 0.04). According to established exercise intensities, hot yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen consumption but moderate-intensity exercise based on %HRmax and RPE while thermo-neutral yoga was classified as light-intensity exercise based on percentage of maximal oxygen uptake, %HRmax, and RPE. Despite the added hemodynamic stress and perception that yoga is more strenuous in a hot environment, we observed similar oxygen consumption during hot versus thermo-neutral yoga, classifying both exercise modalities as light-intensity exercise.

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The Effect of Single Bout of Acute Exercise on Working Memory Performance

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v3i2.20966 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 484-487

Author(s):

Santosh Kumar Deo ◽

Kopila Agrawal ◽

Prem Bhattrai ◽

Raju Kumar Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Working Memory ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Step Test ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Single Bout ◽

Back Task

Introduction: Working memory is a kind of short term memory important for reasoning and guiding decision-making and behavioral process.Objective: The goal of the present research was to study the outcome of single bout of acute moderate-intensity exercise on working memory.Methodology: Twenty two male subjects were asked to perform working memory task by 2n back task in baseline resting, immediately after exercise and after five minute of exercise session. 3 minute step test procedure was used as a moderate intensity exercise intervention.Results: The percentage correctness of 2n back task of working memory was found to be 64.36% for baseline resting condition, 78.01 % for immediately after 3-minute step test and 80.70% for 5 minute after the exercise. In both exercise session (i.e. immediately after exercise and after 5 minute of exercise), significant improvement (p value <0.05) in working memory was seen as compared to the baseline resting session while no such significant beneficial improvement was seen when compared between immediately after exercise and after 5 minute of exercise.Conclusion: Improvement in working memory after moderate exercise intervention was seen, which is important for learning and memory and decision-making. BJHS 2018;3(2)6:484-487.

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The Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise on Long-Term Emotional Memory

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7120486 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 486 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Breanna Wade ◽

Paul Loprinzi

Keyword(s):

Acute Exercise ◽

Group Interaction ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Main Effect ◽

Randomized Controlled Experiment ◽

Memory Recognition

Emerging work suggests that acute, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may help to subserve episodic memory of neutral stimuli. Less investigated, however, is whether acute exercise is associated with enhanced memory recognition of emotional stimuli, which was the purpose of this experiment. A parallel-group randomized controlled experiment was employed. Participants (mean age = 20 yr) were randomized into an exercise (n = 17) or control group (n = 17). The exercise group engaged in a 15-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill walking. Emotional memory recognition was assessed via images from the International Affective Picture System, including assessments of varying degrees of valence and arousal. Memory recognition was assessed at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days post-memory encoding. We observed a significant main effect for time (F(2) = 104.2, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.77) and a significant main effect for valence–arousal classification (F(4) = 21.39, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.40), but there was no significant time by group interaction (F(2) = 1.09, p = 0.34, η2p = 0.03), classification by group interaction (F(4) = 0.12, p = 0.97, η2p = 0.01), time by classification interaction (F(8) = 1.78, p = 0.08, η2p = 0.05), or time by classification by group interaction (F(8) = 0.78, p = 0.62, η2p = 0.02). In conclusion, emotional memory recognition decreased over the 14-day follow-up period and this rate of memory decay was not altered by acute moderate-intensity exercise engagement. We discuss these findings in the context of exercise intensity and the temporal effects of exercise.

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Acute Moderate Intensity Exercise Decreases Oxygen Saturation In Obese Women

STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN ◽

10.30994/sjik.v9i2.302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 310-315

Author(s):

Cornelius Coli ◽

Gadis Meinar Sari ◽

Purwo Sri Rejeki

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Women ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Exercise Interventions

This study aims to analyze acute moderate intensity exercise decreases oxygen saturation in obese women. True experiment with a randomized control group design posttest-only design using 14 obese women aged 19-24 years, body mass index 27-33 kg/m2, percentage body fat (PBF) above 30 % and fasting blood glucose (FBG) below 100 mg/dL, normal hemoglobin, normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, normal resting heart rate and randomly divided into two groups, namely CON (n=7, control without intervention) and MIE (n=7, moderate intensity exercise). Moderate intensity exercise interventions carried out for 40 minutes using a treadmill. Blood sampling is done 10 minutes after the intervention. Measurement of oxygen saturation using a Pulse Oximeter. The results obtained mean oxygen saturation at CON (98.428±0.534) % and MIE (96.571±0.975) % (p=0.001). Based on the results of the study concluded that moderate moderate intensity acute exercise reduces oxygen saturation in obese women.

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Moderate-intensity exercise reduces activated and apoptotic endothelial microparticles in healthy midlife women

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00420.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 102-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Corinna Serviente ◽

Amy Burnside ◽

Sarah Witkowski

Keyword(s):

Acute Exercise ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Exploratory Analysis ◽

Midlife Women ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Endothelial Microparticles ◽

Healthy Midlife Women

Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Risk factors for CVD increase with menopause, and greater cardiorespiratory fitness is generally expected to reduce CVD risk. The effects of habitual physical activity on endothelial health may be due in part to the effect of acute exercise on circulating EMPs. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of an acute bout of exercise on CD62E+ and CD31+/42b− EMPs in healthy fit midlife women at different menopausal stages. Healthy, active premenopausal (PRE), perimenopausal (PERI), and postmenopausal (POST) women completed a single bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise. Activated (CD62E+) and apoptotic (CD31+/42b−) EMPs were evaluated before and 30 min after exercise by using fluorescent activated cell sorting. In an exploratory analysis, these results were compared with data from low-fit peri- and postmenopausal women. Differences by group and time point were evaluated with repeated-measure ANOVAs. There was a reduction in the number of total microparticles ( P < 0.001), CD62E+ ( P = 0.003), and CD31+/42b− ( P < 0.001) EMPs/μl plasma following acute exercise. The percentage of CD62E+ EMPs increased with acute exercise ( P < 0.001), whereas the percentage of CD31+/42b− EMPs did not change ( P = 0.40). There was no effect of menopausal status on CD62E+or CD31+/42b− EMPs, or on total microparticles (all P > 0.05). The exploratory analysis revealed that low-fit women had similar changes in EMPs with acute exercise. We concluded that acute moderate-intensity exercise reduces CD62E+and CD31+/42b− EMPs, as well as total microparticles, in healthy midlife women. These effects occurred despite differences in menopausal status and fitness. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that acute moderate-intensity exercise reduces activated and apoptotic endothelial microparticles in healthy midlife women.

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Regulation of hepatic glutamine metabolism during exercise in the dog

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.4.e655 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 275 (4) ◽

pp. E655-E664 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amy E. Halseth ◽

Nathalie Rhéaume ◽

Allison B. Messina ◽

Erica K. Reed ◽

Mahesh G. Krishna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Portal Vein ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Glutamine Metabolism ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Exercise Period ◽

Response To Exercise

The goal of this study was to determine how liver glutamine (Gln) metabolism adapts to acute exercise in the 18-h-fasted dogs ( n = 7) and in dogs that were glycogen depleted by a 42-h fast ( n = 8). For this purpose, sampling (carotid artery, portal vein, and hepatic vein) and infusion (vena cava) catheters and Doppler flow probes (portal vein, hepatic artery) were implanted under general anesthesia. At least 16 days later an experiment, consisting of a 120-min equilibration period, a 30-min basal sampling period, and a 150-min exercise period was performed. At the start of the equilibration period, a constant-rate infusion of [5-15N]Gln was initiated. Arterial Gln flux was determined by isotope dilution. Gut and liver Gln release into and uptake from the blood were calculated by combining stable isotopic and arteriovenous difference methods. The results of this study show that 1) in the 18-h-fasted dog, ∼10% and ∼35% of the basal Gln appearance in arterial blood is due to Gln release from the gut and liver, respectively, whereas ∼30% and ∼25% of the basal Gln disappearance is due to removal by these tissues; 2) extending the fast to 42 h does not affect basal arterial Gln flux or the contribution of the gut to arterial Gln fluxes but decreases hepatic Gln release, causing a greater retention of gluconeogenic carbon by the liver; 3) moderate-intensity exercise increases hepatic Gln removal from the blood regardless of fast duration but does not affect the hepatic release of Gln; and 4) Gln plays an important role in channeling nitrogen into the ureagenic pathway in the basal state, and this role is increased by ∼80% in response to exercise. These studies illustrate the quantitative importance of the splanchnic bed contribution to arterial Gln flux during exercise and the ability of the liver to acutely adapt to changes in metabolic requirements induced by the combined effects of fasting and exercise.

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