scholarly journals Forensic features and genetic legacy of the Baloch population of Pakistan and the Hazara population across Durand-line revealed by Y chromosomal STRs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Adnan ◽  
Shao-Qing Wen ◽  
Allah Rakha ◽  
Rashed Alghafri ◽  
Shahid Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Discriminatory Analysis

ABSTRACTHazara population across Durand-line has experienced extensive interaction with Central Asian and East Asian populations. Hazara individuals have typical Mongolian facial appearances and they called themselves descendants of Genghis Khan’s army. The people who speak the Balochi language are called Baloch. Previously, a worldwide analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs and with PowerPlex Y23 System (Promega Corporation Madison, USA) kit was created with collaborative efforts, but Baloch and Hazara population from Pakistan and Hazara population from Afghanistan were missing. A limited data with limited number of markers and samples is available which poorly define these populations. So, in the current study, Yfiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit loci were examined in 260 unrelated Hazara individuals from Afghanistan, 153 Hazara individuals, and 111 Balochi individuals from Baluchistan Pakistan. For the Hazara population from Afghanistan and Pakistan overall, 380 different haplotypes were observed on these 27 Y-STR loci, gene diversities ranged from 0.51288 (DYS389I) to 0.9257 (DYF387S1) and haplotype diversity was 0.9992 +/- 0.0004. For the Baloch population, every individual was unique at 27 Y-STR loci, gene diversity ranged from 0.5718 (DYS460) to 0.9371(DYF387S1). Twelve haplotypes shared between 178 individuals while only two haplotypes among these twelve were shared between 87 individuals in Hazara populations. Rst and Fst pairwise genetic distance analyses, multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot, Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, linear discriminatory analysis (LDA), and median-joining network (MJNs) were performed, which shed light on the history of Hazara and Baloch populations. Interestingly null alleles were observed at DYS448 with specific mutation patterns in Hazara populations. The results of our study showed that the Yfiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit marker set provided substantially stronger discriminatory power in the Baloch population of Pakistan and the Hazara population across the Durand-line.

scholarly journals Some Reflections On The History Of Security Activities In Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Bobomurod Juraevich Abdullaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Guard ◽  
Security System ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Security Service ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Different Parts

This article provides insights into the existing and politically important security system in the Central Asian khanates. The khanates of Bukhara, Khiva and Kokand had their own military power and were divided into different parts. The security departments of the khanates also played an important role in the development of the state and the security of the people. During the years of independence, as in any other field, significant changes have taken place in the field of security services. In particular, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev has improved the security service in the National Guard.

scholarly journals Do not forget the name of V.P. Efroimson (1908–1989)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
E. N. Etkalo
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Keywords Genetics ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

In 2018, 110 years have passed since the birth of Vladimir Pavlovich Efroimson (1908–1989). Efroimson studied at the biological department of Moscow University, in 1929 was expelled for the support of S.S. Chetveryakov. In December 1932 he was arrested. Since 1935 works in the Central Asian Institute of Sericulture, but in August 1937 he was dismissed from the Institute for his performance in defense of "Mendelism-Morganism". In the same year he was declared an enemy of the people, and he leaves for Ukraine. During this period he wrote a book on "Genetics and breeding of the silkworm". In May 1941, Efroimson defended his Ph.D. thesis at Kharkov University and went to the front. Rewarded by the Red Star and Patriotic War II degree. After the war, Efroimson returned to Kharkov University as an assistant professor of the Department of Darwinism and Genetics. In 1947 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the problems of evolutionary genetics and breeding of the silkworm. In 1951 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison. After rehabilitation he returns to Moscow and works as a bibliographer. In 1967, he received the title of professor and worked in the Institute of Psychiatry. He published a number of monographs, among them "Genetics of Oligophrenia, Psychoses and Epilepsy". His well-known books on medical genetics, anthropogenetics, gene determination of intelligence and behavior: "Genius and Genetics", "Genetics of Ethics and Aesthetics", "Pedagogical Genetics". Keywords: genetics, history of science, V.P. Efroimson.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE RELATIONS FORMATION OF CHINA WITH CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, SECURITY, AND ECONOMICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
Vladimir Paramonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Political Security ◽  
Near Future

The main purpose of the article is to identify the key trends in relations of the People Republic of China with the countries of Central Asia in the political, security and economic fields from 1992 to 2007. It seems that all this should help to scientifically evaluate the recent past of Chinese-Central Asian ties, and therefore help to build morestable and mutually beneficial formats of relations in the near future.

scholarly journals Population data and genetic diversity analysis of 17 Y-STR loci in Saudi population

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ch. Kassab ◽  
Hissah Fahad Mohammed Alaqeel ◽  
Safia A. Messaoudi ◽  
Saranya R. Babu ◽  
Sajjad Ali Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Chromosome Haplotype

Abstract Background The Y chromosome polymorphism has been widely studied for human migrations, population genetics, forensic applications, and paternity analysis. However, studies regarding genetic lineage and population genetic structure of the Y chromosome in different regions of Saudi Arabia are limited. Aim This study aimed to analyze the distribution of Y chromosome haplotypes in a sample of 125 native Saudi males from different geographic regions of Saudi Arabia and compare to previously published Y chromosome haplotype data from Saudi Arabia and some neighboring Arab populations. Materials and methods Buccal swabs were collected from 125 healthy unrelated native Saudi males from different geographic regions of Saudi Arabia. Genomic DNA was extracted by Chelex®100; 17 Y-STR loci were amplified using the AmpFℓlSTR Yfiler PCR amplification kit and detected on the 3130 Genetic AnalyzerTM. Allele frequency and gene diversity were calculated with online tool STRAF. The Saudi population data were compared with the neighboring populations using pairwise genetic distances and associated probability values were calculated using the Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database Website (YHRD) software. Results and conclusion One hundred six YSTR haplotypes and 102 YSTR alleles (excluding 4 null alleles) were identified having a discrimination capacity (DC) of 85.8%. The highest haplotype diversity (HD) and gene diversity (GD) were observed at the loci DYS 458 (0.817) and DYS385b (0.807), respectively. According to our results, the Iraqi and Qena (Egypt) populations appeared to have closer relatedness to the Saudi population as compared with Yemen. The UAE and Kuwait populations showed the same degree of relatedness to the Saudi population followed by Bahrain. On the contrary, the Adnanit and Qahtanit populations of Jordan demonstrated low genetic distance from the Saudi population. In short, studying a population sample of pure Saudi ethnicity enabled us to identify a unique set of haplotypes which may help in establishing genetic relatedness between Saudi and the neighboring Arab populations. The present paper, therefore, highlights the importance of ensuring ethnic originality of the study sample while conducting population genetics studies.

Genetic Diversity and Demographic History of an Upper Hill Dipterocarp (Shorea platyclados): Implications for Conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hong Ng ◽  
Soon-Leong Lee ◽  
Lee-Hong Tnah ◽  
Kevin K S Ng ◽  
Chai-Ting Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population History ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shorea Platyclados

Abstract Southeast Asian rainforests at upper hill elevations are increasingly vulnerable to degradation because most lowland forest areas have been converted to different land uses. As such, understanding the genetics of upper hill species is becoming more crucial for their future management and conservation. Shorea platyclados is an important, widespread upper hill dipterocarp in Malaysia. To elucidate the genetic structure of S. platyclados and ultimately provide guidelines for a conservation strategy for this species, we carried out a comprehensive study of the genetic diversity and demographic history of S. platyclados. Twenty-seven populations of S. platyclados across its range in Malaysia were genotyped at 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci and sequenced at seven noncoding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions. A total of 303 alleles were derived from the microsatellite loci, and 29 haplotypes were identified based on 2892 bp of concatenated cpDNA sequences. The populations showed moderately high genetic diversity (mean HE = 0.680 for microsatellite gene diversity and HT = 0.650 for total haplotype diversity) and low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.060). Bayesian clustering divided the studied populations into two groups corresponding to western and eastern Malaysia. Bottleneck analysis did not detect any recent bottleneck events. Extended Bayesian skyline analyses showed a model of constant size for the past population history of this species. Based on our findings, priority areas for in situ and ex situ conservation and a minimum population size are recommended for the sustainable utilization of S. platyclados.

scholarly journals GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF 23 Y-CHROMOSOME SHORT TANDEM REPEAT LOCI IN THE KINH POPULATION OF VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Ha Huu Hao ◽  
Nguyen Duc Nhu ◽  
Chu Hoang Ha ◽  
Le Van Son ◽  
Le Tuan Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Forensic Application ◽  
Str Loci ◽  
Short Tandem

Y-chromosome microsatellites or short tandem repeats (STRs) have been proved to be ideal markers to delineate the differences between individuals in human population. Nowadays, Y-STR testing using the PowerPlex® Y23 amplification kit is considered as an extremely sensitive analysis method and has the potential to be used to perform forensic caseworks, and to explore the complexity in population substructures. However, little is known about the forensic Y-chromosome databases in the Vietnam population. In this study, 23 Y-STR loci (DYS576, DYS389I, DYS389 II, DYS448, DYS19, DYS391, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS438, DYS437, DYS570, DYS635, DYS390, DYS439, DYS392, DYS393, DYS458 DYS456, DYS643, YGATAH4, and DYS385a/b) were investigated in 120 non-related males of the Kinh population in Northern Vietnam using PowerPlex® Y23 system kit (Promega). Our results showed that allele frequencies of 23 loci in the sample population, with the calculated average gene diversity (GD) for each locus, ranged from 0.24 (DYS438) to 0.92 (DYS385a/b). In addition, a total of 120 different haplotypes were found, all of them were unique. Therefore, we found that the haplotype diversity was 1 with a discrimination capacity of 100%, which serves as an essential prerequisite for using Y-chromosomal STR with PowerPlex® Y23 System kit in forensic application in Vietnam. We also compared genetic distances between Kinh population and 10 other neighboring populations from Y-chromosome haplotype reference database (YHRD). The Kinh population is significantly different from other populations. In conclusion, it was indicated that the 23 Y-STR loci were highly genetically polymorphic in the Kinh population in Vietnam and might be of great value in forensic application.

scholarly journals Allele Diversity, Haplotype Frequency and Diversity, and Forensic Genotyping of Fulanis and Yorubas Population in North Central Region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230
Author(s):  
Adelaja Akinlolu ◽  
Nabila Sule ◽  
Maryam Muhammed ◽  
David Oyedepo ◽  
Maryam Olawole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Haplotype Frequency ◽  
Dna Index ◽  
North Central ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Forensic Genotyping

Nigeria is the most populous African nation, comprising over 250 ethnic groups. The Yoruba and Fulani are the second and fourth largest ethnic groups in Nigeria, respectively. Forensic genotyping of short tandem repeats (STRs) is used in computation of Combined DNA Index System databases of individuals and ethnic groups. We examined allele diversity, haplotype frequency, haplotype diversity, and forensic genotyping data of autosomal STRs in Fulani and Yoruba residents in Ilorin, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria, in-order to further provide forensic genotyping data of these ethnic groups. Samples of 25 Fulani males and 23 Yoruba males whose ethnicity was confirmed by three generations (paternal and maternal) were collected with informed consent using purposive sampling. All individuals in the samples were unrelated. The samples were amplified and then genotyped using the SureID® 21G PCR Amplification Kit containing Amelogenin and 20 autosomal STR loci. Statistical analyses of forensic genotyping parameters confirmed no deviation from expectation of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and no dependence of alleles between loci. All tested loci were polymorphic. Expected Heterozygosity and gene diversity parameters showed lower genetic diversity amongst Fulanis compared to Yorubas. This is possibly due to the prevalent custom of marriage between cousins amongst Fulanis, which is forbidden in Yoruba customs.

“The Fumes of Polonism and the Stench of Herzenism”: “Vestnik Zapadnoy Rossii” Against Class Revolution and Clas Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Aleksandr E. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Short History ◽  
South West ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stereotypical Image

The journal of Ksenofont A. Govorsky “Vestnik Yugo-Zapadnoy I Zapadnoy Rossii” (“South-West and West Russia Herald”) is known in the history of pubic thought as odious and reactionary. However, this stereotypical image needs some revision: the anti-Polish discourse on the pages of the magazine was not so much nationalistic as anti-aristocratic in nature. Considering the “Poles” primarily as carriers of the aristocratic principles, the editorial board of the magazine claimed to protect the broad masses of the people. Throughout its short history, the magazine consistently opposed both revolutionary and aristocratic propaganda. However, the regional limitations of the problems covered in the magazine did not give it the opportunity to reflect on the essential closeness of the revolutionary and reactionary principles. Yu.F. Samarin and I.S. Aksakov – whose conservative-democratic views, on the whole, were close to “Western Russianism”, promoted by the authors of “Vestnik Yugo-Zapadnoy I Zapadnoy Rossii”, managed to reach that goal.

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