scholarly journals Differential impact of maternal overnutrition and undernutrition on offspring glucose homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praise B. Adekunbi ◽  
Abimbola O. Ogunsola ◽  
Daniel A. Adekunbi

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that maternal undernutrition exerts a greater effect on offspring metabolic function compared to maternal overnutrition, female rats (n=10 per group) were subjected to a high calorie diet or 50 % global nutrient restriction relative to control rats on standard rat chow, for 8 weeks prior to pregnancy and during pregnancy. Birth weight was determined on the day dams were found with pups. At 3 months of age, offspring’s fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and triglyceride levels as well as glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were determined. A 50 % calorie restriction caused a significant weight loss in the under-nourished dams but those on high calorie diet had similar body weight as control rats. Maternal overnutrition and undernutrition significantly lowered birth weight, indicating intra-uterine growth restriction in these animals. Fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in female offspring of over-nourished dams, but neither maternal overnutrition nor undernutrition affected offspring’s glucose tolerance. Male offspring of dams exposed to maternal overnutrition or undernutrition had a significantly higher insulin level compared to control, whereas female offspring were unaffected. The development of hyperinsulinaemia in male offspring of undernourished dams was accompanied by reduced insulin sensitivity. This study demonstrates that early-life exposure to two extreme ends of the nutritional plane is associated with similar birth weight outcome but different metabolic phenotype in adulthood. Evidence of insulin resistance only in male offspring of under-nourished dams indicates differences in sex-specific metabolic effect of maternal undernutrition compared to overnutrition.

Author(s):  
Л.А. Ляпина ◽  
Н.Ф. Мясоедов ◽  
Т.А. Шубина ◽  
Л.А. Андреева ◽  
Т.Ю. Оберган ◽  
...  

Введение. Препараты разной структуры - углеводной, пептидной, белковой оказывают значительный противосвертывающий эффект в кровотоке с одновременным улучшением углеводного обмена. Цель - изучение в сравнительном аспекте влияния препаратов разной структуры (пептида, производного диоксикумарина и ацетилсалициловой кислоты -АСК) на свертывание крови, изменение углеводного обмена при интрагастральном способе их введении крысам. Методика. Использовались стандартные коагулологические методы и способы определения уровня глюкозы крови крыс. Каждый из препаратов (пептид Lys-Arg-Arg-Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro, варфарин и АСК) вводили лабораторным крысам Wistar интрагастрально в эффективной дозе (100 мкг/кг - пептид и варфарин и 1 мг/кг - АСК) в течение 7 сут на фоне развития метаболического синдрома, индуцируемого высококалорийной диетой (ВКД). Определения производили через 20 и 168 ч после последнего введения препаратов при продолжающемся постоянном кормлении крыс ВКД. Результаты. Установлено, что как через 20 ч, так и через 168 ч после последнего введения пептида и АСК агрегация тромбоцитов имела тенденцию к снижению и составляла 72-76% (через 20 ч) и 81-66,7% (через 168 ч); фибринолиз статистически значимо повышался при действии пептида на 61-180%, АСК - на 15-41%, варфарина - на 14-34%; активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время значимо удлинялось под влиянием пептида и варфарина на 24-52 и 31-52% соответственно; свертывание крови по тесту протромбинового времени снижалось только под влиянием варфарина (на 12.3%); уровень глюкозы крови нормализовался под влиянием всех использованых препаратов и составлял 4,9-6,5 ммоль/л против 8.1-8.8 ммоль/л при метаболическом синдроме. Заключение. При сравнении действия пептида, варфарина и АСК установлены гипокоагуляционные и гипогликемические эффекты в разной степени. Максимальным антикоагулянтным и фибринолитическим действием обладал пептид; варфарин проявлял антикоагулянтное действие только по тесту протромбиновое время, ацетилсалициловая кислота обладала антитромбоцитарным и фибриндеполимеризационным действием. Drugs with different structure, carbohydrates, peptides, and proteins, can produce a significant anticoagulation effect and simultaneously improve carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare effects of drugs with different structure, a peptide, a dioxicoumarin derivative, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), on coagulation and changes of carbohydrate metabolism in intragastric administration to rats. Methods. Standard methods for studying coagulation and measuring blood glucose in rats were used. Each of the study drugs (Lys-Arg-Arg-Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro peptide, warfarin, and ASA) was administered to Wistar rats intragastrically at an effective dose (100 mcg/kg for the peptide and warfarin and 1 mg/kg for ASA) for 7 days during the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-calorie diet (HCD). Measurements were performed at 20 and 168 h after the last administration of the drugs with continuing HCD. Results. Both at 20 and 168 h after the last administration of the peptide and ASA, platelet aggregation showed a tendency to a decrease and was 72-76% (at 20 h) and 81-66.7% (at 168 h); fibrinolysis significantly increased under the action of the peptide, ASA, and warfarin by 61-180%, 15-41%, and 14-34%, respectively. Activated partial thromboplastin time significantly increased under the action of the peptide and warfarin by 24-52% and 31-52%, respectively; blood clotting as estimated in the prothrombin time test decreased only under the action of warfarin by 12.3%; blood glucose returned to a normal level under the action of each of the three study drugs and was 4.9-6.5 mmol/l vs. 8.1-8.8 mmol/l in MS. Conclusion. The peptide, warfarin, and ASA produced different degrees of the anticoagulation and hypoglycemic effects. The peptide had the strongest anticoagulation and fibrinolytic effects, warfarin produced an anticoagulant effect only according to the prothrombin time test, and acetylsalicylic acid exerted both antiplatelet and fibrin-depolymerizing effects.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Korsmo ◽  
Kaydine Edwards ◽  
Bhoomi Dave ◽  
Chauntelle Jack-Roberts ◽  
Xinyin Jiang

Abstract Objectives Using a mouse gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) model, this study investigated whether maternal choline supplementation (MCS) could alter postnatal growth and metabolic abnormalities associated with GDM. Methods C57BL/6 mice were either fed a low fat (LF, 10kcal % fat) control diet or a high fat (HF, 60kcal % fat) diet prior to and during pregnancy to induce GDM. These mice received either 25mM choline (MCS) or plain drinking water, After weaning, offspring were fed the HF diet for 6 weeks before glucose tolerance testing and dissection. Results In male offspring from MCS-GDM mothers, we observed a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels and an increase in glucose tolerance when comparing to other groups (P < 0.05). Liver choline metabolite measurements demonstrated that free choline content was lower (P = 0.01) in the MCS-GDM male offspring than control GDM male offspring; there is also an increase in liver sphingomyelin concentrations (P = 0.007) in female offspring from MCS-GDM compared to control GDM dams. Conclusions MCS during GDM leads to improvements in blood glucose control in male mouse offspring exposed to a postnatal HF environment. Funding Sources NIGMS and NIDDK; New York Academy of Sciences.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-676
Author(s):  
E. I. Denisova ◽  
M. M. Savinkova ◽  
E. N. Makarova

The consumption of food rich in sugar and fat provokes obesity. Prenatal conditions have an impact on taste preferences and metabolism in the adult offspring, and this impact may manifest differently in different sexes. An increase in blood leptin level in pregnant females reduces the risk of obesity and insulin resistance in the offspring, although the mechanisms mediating this effect are unknown. Neither is it known whether maternal leptin affects taste preferences. In this study, we investigated the effect of leptin administration to pregnant mice on the development of diet-induced obesity, food choice, and gene expression in the liver and muscles of the offspring with regard to sex. Leptin was administered to female mice on days 11, 12, and 13 of pregnancy. In male and female offspring, growth rate and intake of standard chow after weaning, obesity development, gene expression in the liver and muscles, and food choice when kept on a high-calorie diet (standard chow, lard, sweet cookies) were recorded. Leptin administration to pregnant females reduced body weight in the female offspring fed on the standard diet. When the offspring were given a high-calorie diet, leptin administration inhibited obesity development and reduced the consumption of cookies only in males. It also increased the consumption of standard chow and the mRNA levels of genes for the insulin receptor and glucose transporter type 4 in the muscles of both male and female offspring. The results demonstrate that an increase in blood leptin levels in pregnant females has a sex-specific effect on the metabolism of the offspring increasing resistance to obesity only in male offspring. The mechanism underlying this effect includes a shift in food preference in favor of a balanced diet and maintenance of insulin sensitivity in muscle tissues.


Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-bo Wang ◽  
Xin-ran Liu ◽  
Si-qi Liu ◽  
Rui-xue Mao ◽  
Chao Hou ◽  
...  

The study was aimed to determine whether treatment with oat oligopeptides (OOPs) could modulate hyperglycemia related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Diabetic SD rats modeling by a joint effect of high-calorie diet for 45 days and twice intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin at one-week interval were observed with or without OOPs administration (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 g/kg Body Weight) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose test tolerance (OGTT), serum insulin, level of antioxidant, and hepatic enzymes were measured. In addition, frequency of micturition was recorded in this study for the first time. It was observed that the administration of OOPs (2.00 g/kg Body Weight) resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in FBG since 6th week and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the OGTT-AUC on 6th and 10th week. In addition, the administration of OOPs (2.00 g/kg Body Weight) reduced HOMA-IR index and 24-h urine volume significantly (p < 0.05) whereas increased SOD activity significantly (p < 0.05). These results suggested that OOPs may have a hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats.


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Alona Yurchenko ◽  
Daryna Krenytska ◽  
Olexii Savchuk ◽  
Tetiana Halenova ◽  
Natalia Raksha ◽  
...  

AbstractOur interest has focused on the investigation of the anti-obese potential of kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. In the course of the study, obesity development in rats was induced with high-calorie diet. Control and obese rats then have consumed with aqueous kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract during 6 weeks (200 mg/kg). Results show that the long-term consumption of P. vulgaris pods extract can lead to the reduction of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance development. Furthermore, we saw a normalization of lipid peroxidation parameters and oxidative modification of protein due to the consumption of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. Our experimental data demonstrate the ability of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pod extracts to mitigate obesity development but the details of this mechanism remains to be not fully understood.


Synapse ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Treviño ◽  
Patrícia Aguilar-Alonso ◽  
Jose Angel Flores Hernandez ◽  
Eduardo Brambila ◽  
Jorge Guevara ◽  
...  

Diabetes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. H. Bakker ◽  
L. D. van Schinkel ◽  
B. Guigas ◽  
T. C. M. Streefland ◽  
J. T. Jonker ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. e12837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Britton ◽  
Lesley Jaskowski ◽  
Kim Bridle ◽  
Nishreen Santrampurwala ◽  
Janske Reiling ◽  
...  

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