scholarly journals The ages of zone of proximal development for retrospective time assessment and anticipation of time event

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Portnova ◽  
A. B. Rebreikina ◽  
O.V. Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Zone Of Proximal Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Time Assessment

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the ability of children aged 5–14 years old (preschoolers, primary schoolers, and preteens) to assess and anticipate time intervals. 287 Russian children aged 5–14 years old and 26 adults of control group participated in our study. The neuropsychological assessment, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and a battery of time-related tests were applied. All groups of children overestimated the event’s duration, although the accuracy of the second estimations increased among the participants aged 6–8 years after a prompt was offered. A zone of proximal development for time anticipation task was detected for children aged 9-11 years, when the prompt could significantly improve the accuracy of time perception. The participants overestimated the duration of both upcoming and past events, with the degree of overestimation being found to be negatively correlated with age. Further, a higher degree of accuracy in terms of time estimation was found to be correlated with higher scores on the attention and memory tests, and accuracy of time anticipation was associated with scores of praxis test.

scholarly journals The Ages of Zone of Proximal Development for Retrospective Time Assessment and Anticipation of Time Event

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Portnova ◽  
Anna Rebreikina ◽  
Olga Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Zone Of Proximal Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Time Assessment

We aimed to investigate the ability of children aged 5–14 years old (preschoolers, primary schoolers, and preteens) to assess and anticipate time intervals. 287 Russian children aged 5–14 years old and 26 adults of control group participated in our study. The neuropsychological assessment, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and a battery of time-related tests were applied. All groups of children overestimated the event’s duration, although the accuracy of the second estimations increased among the participants aged 6–8 years after a prompt was offered. A zone of proximal development for time anticipation task was detected for children aged 9-11 years, when the prompt could significantly improve the accuracy of time perception. The participants overestimated the duration of both upcoming and past events, with the degree of overestimation being found to be negatively correlated with age. Further, a higher degree of accuracy in terms of time estimation was found to be correlated with higher scores on the attention and memory tests, and accuracy of time anticipation was associated with scores of praxis test.

Time Estimation and Juvenile Delinquency

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1559-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Carrillo-De-La-Peña ◽  
M. A. Luengo
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Delinquent Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship

Certain empirical evidence suggests that subjects prone to delinquent activity may have faster internal clocks than others. To investigate the relationship between antisocial behavior and time perception and its dependence on the experimental time interval and method and on whether the subject is institutionalized we obtained verbal and production estimates of 5-, 15-, 30-, and 60-sec. intervals from 249 adolescents (156 school attenders and 93 institutionalized subjects) classified into 3 groups according to the intensity of their antisocial activity. Results provide no support for the hypothesis that overestimation of short time intervals is associated with either juvenile delinquency or institutionalization.

The Internal Clock: Electroencephalographic Evidence for Oscillatory Processes Underlying Time Perception

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Treisman ◽  
Norman Cook ◽  
Peter L. N. Naish ◽  
Janice K. MacCrone
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Temporal Perception ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Eeg Spectrum ◽  
Biological Source ◽  
Temporal System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Oscillatory Processes

It has been proposed that temporal perception and performance depend on a biological source of temporal information. A model for a temporal oscillator put forward by Treisman, Faulkner, Naish, and Brogan (1990) predicted that if intense sensory pulses (such as auditory clicks) were presented to subjects at suitable rates they would perturb the frequency at which the temporal oscillator runs and so cause over- or underestimation of time. The resulting pattern of interference between sensory pulse rates and time judgments would depend on the frequency of the temporal oscillator and so might allow that frequency to be estimated. Such interference patterns were found using auditory clicks and visual flicker (Treisman & Brogan, 1992; Treisman et al., 1990). The present study examines time estimation together with the simultaneously recorded electroencephalogram to examine whether evidence of such an interference pattern can be found in the EEG. Alternative models for the organization of a temporal system consisting of an oscillator or multiple oscillators are considered and predictions derived from them relating to the EEG. An experiment was run in which time intervals were presented for estimation, auditory clicks being given during those intervals, and the EEG was recorded concurrently. Analyses of the EEG revealed interactions between auditory click rates and certain EEG components which parallel the interference patterns previously found. The overall pattern of EEG results is interpreted as favouring a model for the organization of the temporal system in which sets of click-sensitive oscillators spaced at intervals of about 12.8 Hz contribute to the EEG spectrum. These are taken to represent a series of harmonically spaced distributions of oscillators involved in time-keeping.

Second language pragmatics development through different instructional techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-141
Author(s):  
Elaheh Zaferanieh ◽  
Mansoor Tavakoli ◽  
Abbass Eslami Rasekh
Keyword(s):  
Role Play ◽  
Zone Of Proximal Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Consciousness Raising ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Input Enhancement ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
Types Of Instruction

Abstract This study investigated the effectiveness of three types of instruction on learning the speech act of criticizing by 100 Iranian learners of English. For 10 weeks, the consciousness raising group (N = 27), input enhancement group (N = 23), and ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development)-sensitive group (N = 25) participated in the study. The three treatment groups were compared with a control group (N = 25) on pre-tests, immediate and delayed posttests performance of discourse completion test and role-play test. The results revealed that treatment groups significantly improved and outperformed the control group. They maintained their improvement in the delayed posttest. In addition, the results showed the superiority of ZPD-sensitive instruction in relation to two other methods, and better performance of consciousness raising instruction than input-enhancement method. Finally, by interviewing the participants, the researchers could understand the opinions of learners about the instructions they received. The findings and implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Confabulations on Time: Relationship between Confabulations and Timing Deviations in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad El Haj ◽  
Frank Larøi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ongoing Activity ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Verbal Estimation ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives We investigated the relationship between confabulations and the ability to process chronological characteristics of memories in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods We evaluated provoked confabulations, spontaneous confabulations, and time perception in 31 AD patients. We evaluated provoked confabulations with questions probing general and personal knowledge. We evaluated spontaneous confabulations with a scale rated by nursing and medical staff. Regarding time perception, we invited the participants to perform a simple ongoing activity (i.e., deciding whether words were abstract or concrete), in order to provide a verbal estimation of the elapsed time intervals. Results We observed significant positive correlations between provoked/spontaneous confabulations and deviations in time estimation on the time perception task. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a relationship between confabulations in AD and difficulties in processing the chronological characteristics of elapsed events.

Judgments of Time Intervals by Young Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle R. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Time Estimation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Brief Training ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
Experimental Group

22 preschool children were either trained (experimental group) or not trained (control group) to indicate a 15-sec. time interval by the method of production. The accuracy was significantly improved by brief training. The children were generally accurate whether attending to the stopwatch at the right or left ear or given sound- or light-filled intervals. Neither age nor sex differences were found. These results demonstrate the possibility of conducting research on time-estimation at an early age if the procedures are relatively short and of interest to the young child. Because most of the children were unable to count as a guide to their judgments, the inner neural clock theory is supported.

scholarly journals Rethinking of The Zone of Proximal Development: The Role of Parental Engagement in Children's Language Learning Skills

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Zone Of Proximal Development ◽  
Parental Engagement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Parents Involvement ◽  
Children's Activities

Abstract The present research investigated the efficacy of parent engagement in children's learning and achievement in the English language. It is emphasized that adult guidance in foreign language learning cannot necessarily play an influential role in children's zone of proximal development (ZPD). It seems that parents or adults should enjoy relative linguistic skills, while in Vygotsky's theory, there is ambiguity over some concepts such as adult guidance characteristics.The statistical society consisted of sixty Iranian children ranging from 9 to 10, divided randomly into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control. Children received face-to-face education while Telegram was used for their parents. The research results showed significantly more learning, skill training, parent involvement, and shared activities between children and parents in the experimental1 and experimental 2 groups compared to the control group. Moreover, a positive correlation is found between parent involvement and children's achievement in all three groups. The results also showed that parents' involvement and teaching involvement, and language skills had the most influence on parents' involvement. Furthermore, teaching engagement to parents had the most significant influence on children's activities. In addition, children's activities and language skill training had the most influence on their learning.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VYGOTSKY'S CONCEPT OF ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRADITIONAL METHOD FOR TEACHING MATHEMATICS AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aftab Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Zone Of Proximal Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Classroom Experiment ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Deviation Coefficient ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
And Control

Earlier, only one study analyzed ZPD in graduate teacher training programmes ofAllama Iqbal Open University. In contrast, present study was a classroom experiment;the purpose was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of Vygotsky's Concept ofZone of Proximal Development and Traditional Method for teaching Mathematics atElementary Level. The design of the study was pertest-posttest control group designand the sample of 48 students equated on their prior ability in maths into 24-studentsexperimental and control group each. The measuring instrument of the research was aself-prepared achievement test of 40 multiple-choice items in the subject ofmathematics for 8th grade level. The treatment span was for six weeks, forty minuteseach day. After collecting data, it was analyzed through mean, standard deviation,coefficient of variability and t- test.Findings of the study show that the students who were taught mathematics throughVygotskyian method of Zone of Proximal Development complemented by scaffoldingdid better in mathematics achievement than the students taught through theconventional method.Hence, Vygotskian model of teaching was perhaps a better substitute of traditionalmode of teaching mathematics to elementary students.

scholarly journals Time estimation and time perceiving in patients receiving intravenous anaesthesia for endoscopic procedures

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Płotek ◽  
Małgorzata Sobol-Kwapinska ◽  
Marcin Cybulski ◽  
Anna Kluzik ◽  
Małgorzata Grześkowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Time Production ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Introduction. The basic goals of the study were to analyze how patients receiving intravenous anaesthesia for endoscopy produce one-minute time intervals after anaesthesia, and to characterize the relationship between attitude towards time and the production of one-minute intervals. Material and methods. Twenty four intravenously anesthetized patients constituted the Anaesthesia Group and 25 nonanesthetized patients formed the Control Group. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Sense of Coherence Meaningfulness Subscale were used to recognize the problem of dementia and depression, the Time Metaphors Questionnaire was used for the assessment attitudes toward time. Time production of one-minute was measured three times in each of four sessions. Results. The tested participants of both groups shortened the one-minute intervals. Duration of anaesthesia did not affect the time production. Perceiving time as empty and meaningless was related with misestimating time after colonoscopy. Conclusions. Time interpretation by using metaphors and time production are related with each other.

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