scholarly journals Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in Middle Eastern Jordan with Increasing Mutations Near Antibody Recognition Sites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Hajjo ◽  
Dima A. Sabbah ◽  
Sanaa K. Bardaweel
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Recognition Sites ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Genetic Strains ◽  
Viral Sequences

AbstractThe genomic analysis of the 556 viral sequences from Jordan uncovered three dominant genetic SARS-CoV-2 lineages that are currently circulating in Jordan: B.1.1.312 (76%), B.1.36.10 (11%), and B.1.1.7 (6%), replacing the genetic strains that were dominant before sustained community transmission in Jordan. This raises speculations about these new genetic lineages and their relationship to the severity of disease symptoms in Jordan.

scholarly journals Lettuce Chlorosis Virus Disease: A New Threat to Cannabis Production

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadad ◽  
Luria ◽  
Smith ◽  
Sela ◽  
Lachman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Deprivation ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Race Pcr ◽  
Complete Viral Genome

In a survey conducted in Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis) authorized farms in Israel, plants showed disease symptoms characteristic of nutrition deprivation. Interveinal chlorosis, brittleness, and occasional necrosis were observed in older leaves. Next generation sequencing analysis of RNA extracted from symptomatic leaves revealed the presence of lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV), a crinivirus that belongs to the Closteroviridae family. The complete viral genome sequence was obtained using RT-PCR and Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The two LCV RNA genome segments shared 85–99% nucleotide sequence identity with LCV isolates from GenBank database. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle Eastern Asia Minor1 (MEAM1) biotype transmitted the disease from symptomatic cannabis plants to un-infected ‘healthy’ cannabis, Lactuca sativa, and Catharanthus roseus plants. Shoots from symptomatic cannabis plants, used for plant propagation, constituted a primary inoculum of the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cannabis plant disease caused by LCV.

scholarly journals Involvement ofN-Myristoylation in Monoclonal Antibody Recognition Sites on Chimeric G Protein α Subunits

1995 ◽  
Vol 270 (12) ◽  
pp. 6436-6439 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Justice ◽  
M. Michael Bliziotes ◽  
Linda A. Stevens ◽  
Joel Moss ◽  
Martha Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Recognition Sites ◽  
Α Subunits ◽  
G Protein Α Subunits

scholarly journals Three Strains of Tobacco etch virus Distinctly Alter the Transcriptome of Apical Stem Tissue in Capsicum annuum during Infection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
John F. Murphy ◽  
H. Tucker Hallmark ◽  
Thiruvarangan Ramaraj ◽  
Anitha Sundararajan ◽  
Faye Schilkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tobacco Etch Virus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Two Stages

Tobacco etch virus (TEV; genus Potyvirus) is flexuous rod shaped with a single molecule of single-stranded RNA and causes serious yield losses in species in the Solanaceae. Three TEV strains (HAT, Mex21, and N) are genetically distinct and cause different disease symptoms in plants. Here, a transcriptomic RNA sequencing approach was taken for each TEV strain to evaluate gene expression of the apical stem segment of pepper plants during two stages of disease development. Distinct profiles of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were identified for each TEV strain. DEG numbers increased with degree of symptom severity: 24 from HAT, 1190 from Mex21, and 4010 from N. At 7 days post-inoculation (dpi), when systemic symptoms were similar, there were few DEGs for HAT- and Mex21-infected plants, whereas N-infected plants had 2516 DEGs. DEG patterns from 7 to 14 dpi corresponded to severity of disease symptoms: milder disease with smaller DEG changes for HAT and Mex21 and severe disease with larger DEG changes for N. Strikingly, in each of these comparisons, there are very few overlapping DEGs among the TEV strains, including no overlapping DEGs between all three strains at 7 or 14 dpi.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis Illustrated a Single Introduction and Evolution of Israeli Bluetongue Serotype 8 Virus Population 2008–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1955
Author(s):  
Natalia Golender ◽  
Avi Eldar ◽  
Marcelo Ehrlich ◽  
Gabriel Kenigswald ◽  
Ily Shlamovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Parallel Development ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Beast Analysis ◽  
Activity Cycles

Outbreaks of the European Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 8 (BTV-8), which are characterized by activity cycles separated by years of inactivity, may be influenced by genetic changes of the virus or by herd immunity. BTV activity in Israel is characterized by similar dynamics, but differs from European countries in its vector population, environmental conditions, and lack of cattle vaccination against this serotype. Comparison of these two geographical systems and characterization of their epidemiological connection is therefore of high interest in-order to better understand the factors influencing BTV-8 evolution. BTV-8, closely related to the European strain, was introduced to Israel in 2008. It was at the center of BT outbreaks in 2010 and 2015–2016 and thereafter was lastly isolated in Israel in 2019. We performed genetic analyses of twelve BTV-8 Israeli strains isolated between 2008 and 2019 and compared them with published sequences of BTV-8 isolated in other countries. The analysis revealed a single introduction of BTV-8 into Israel and thereafter extensive occurrence of genomic drifts and multiple reassortments with local BTV strains. Comparison of the Israeli and Cypriot BTV-8 from 2015 to 2016 suggests transmission of the virus between the two countries and a separate and parallel development from European or other Israeli BTV-8 strains. The parallel development of other BTV-8 strains was demonstrated by the identification of the Israeli BTV-8 ISR-1194/1/19 strain, which exhibited common origin with reassorted Israeli BTV-8 strains from 2010 and additional reassortment of seven segments. In order to reveal the source of BTV-8 introduction into Israel we performed BEAST analysis which showed that a probable common ancestor for both European and Israeli BTV-8 presumably existed in 2003–2004. In 2019, a possible new introduction occurred in Israel, where a novel BTV-8 strain was detected, sharing ~95% identity by segments 2 and 6 with Nigerian BTV-8NIG1982/07 and European–Middle Eastern strains. The results of the study indicate that Israel and neighboring countries consist a separate environmental and evolutionary system, distinct from European ones.

scholarly journals Identification and Genomic Characterization of a New Virus (Tymoviridae Family) Associated with Citrus Sudden Death Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 3028-3037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Maccheroni ◽  
Marcos C. Alegria ◽  
Christian C. Greggio ◽  
João Paulo Piazza ◽  
Rachel F. Kamla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Viral Coat ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Viral Sequences

ABSTRACT Citrus sudden death (CSD) is a new disease that has killed approximately 1 million orange trees in Brazil. Here we report the identification of a new virus associated with the disease. RNAs isolated from CSD-affected and nonaffected trees were used to construct cDNA libraries. A set of viral sequences present exclusively in libraries of CSD-affected trees was used to obtain the complete genome sequence of the new virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this virus is a new member of the genus Marafivirus. Antibodies raised against the putative viral coat proteins allowed detection of viral antigens of expected sizes in affected plants. Electron microscopy of purified virus confirmed the presence of typical isometric Marafivirus particles. The screening of 773 affected and nonaffected citrus trees for the presence of the virus showed a 99.7% correlation between disease symptoms and the presence of the virus. We also detected the virus in aphids feeding on affected trees. These results suggest that this virus is likely to be the causative agent of CSD. The virus was named Citrus sudden death-associated virus.

scholarly journals Origin and dynamics of admixture in Brazilians and its effect on the pattern of deleterious mutations

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (28) ◽  
pp. 8696-8701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda S. G. Kehdy ◽  
Mateus H. Gouveia ◽  
Moara Machado ◽  
Wagner C. S. Magalhães ◽  
Andrea R. Horimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis

While South Americans are underrepresented in human genomic diversity studies, Brazil has been a classical model for population genetics studies on admixture. We present the results of the EPIGEN Brazil Initiative, the most comprehensive up-to-date genomic analysis of any Latin-American population. A population-based genome-wide analysis of 6,487 individuals was performed in the context of worldwide genomic diversity to elucidate how ancestry, kinship, and inbreeding interact in three populations with different histories from the Northeast (African ancestry: 50%), Southeast, and South (both with European ancestry >70%) of Brazil. We showed that ancestry-positive assortative mating permeated Brazilian history. We traced European ancestry in the Southeast/South to a wider European/Middle Eastern region with respect to the Northeast, where ancestry seems restricted to Iberia. By developing an approximate Bayesian computation framework, we infer more recent European immigration to the Southeast/South than to the Northeast. Also, the observed low Native-American ancestry (6–8%) was mostly introduced in different regions of Brazil soon after the European Conquest. We broadened our understanding of the African diaspora, the major destination of which was Brazil, by revealing that Brazilians display two within-Africa ancestry components: one associated with non-Bantu/western Africans (more evident in the Northeast and African Americans) and one associated with Bantu/eastern Africans (more present in the Southeast/South). Furthermore, the whole-genome analysis of 30 individuals (42-fold deep coverage) shows that continental admixture rather than local post-Columbian history is the main and complex determinant of the individual amount of deleterious genotypes.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Diverse Members of the Fungal Genus Monosporascus Reveals Novel Lineages, Unique Genome Content and a Potential Bacterial Associate

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2573-2583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Robinson ◽  
Donald O. Natvig ◽  
Patrick S. G. Chain
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Genome Content ◽  
Close Relatives

The genus Monosporascus represents an enigmatic group of fungi important in agriculture and widely distributed in natural arid ecosystems. Of the nine described species, two (M. cannonballus and M. eutypoides) are important pathogens on the roots of members of Cucurbitaceae in agricultural settings. The remaining seven species are capable of colonizing roots from a diverse host range without causing obvious disease symptoms. Recent molecular and culture studies have shown that members of the genus are nearly ubiquitous as root endophytes in arid environments of the Southwestern United States. Isolates have been obtained from apparently healthy roots of grasses, shrubs and herbaceous plants located in central New Mexico and other regions of the Southwest. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses reveal substantial diversity in these isolates. The New Mexico isolates include close relatives of M. cannonballus and M. ibericus, as well as isolates that represent previously unrecognized lineages. To explore evolutionary relationships within the genus and gain insights into potential ecological functions, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of three M. cannonballus isolates, one M. ibericus isolate, and six diverse New Mexico isolates. The assembled genomes were significantly larger than what is typical for the Sordariomycetes despite having predicted gene numbers similar to other members of the class. Differences in predicted genome content and organization were observed between endophytic and pathogenic lineages of Monosporascus. Several Monosporascus isolates appear to form associations with members of the bacterial genus Ralstonia (Burkholdariaceae).

scholarly journals Palliative Care: Our Moral Obligation

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masud Ahmed ◽  
Md Manowarul Islam ◽  
Nadeem Parvez Ali ◽  
Azizun Nessa ◽  
Kamal Krishna Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Practical Purpose ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Incurable Illness ◽  
Government Fund ◽  
Hospice Palliative Care

Palliative care (from Latin palliare - to cloak) is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing severity of disease symptoms rather than striving to halt, delay or reverse progression of the disease itself or provide cure. The goal is to prevent and relieve suffering and to improve quality of life for people facing serious, complex, incurable illness. Non hospice palliative care is not dependent on prognosis and is offered in conjunction with curative and all other appropriate forms of medical treatment1. There is often confusion between the terms palliative care and hospice. In United States of America (USA) two aspects of care share a similar philosophy but differ in their payment system and location of service. Unlike palliative care hospice service are usually provided by government fund or by charities outside traditional hospital. Elsewhere for example in United Kingdom (UK) this distinction is not operative. For all practical purpose it is better to use the broader term palliative care as hospice care is part of it. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v17i2.12219 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2011; 17 (02): 52-55

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