scholarly journals Experiences of COVID-19 Recovered Patients – A Qualitative Case Study from a Hotspot in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alhajjaji ◽  
Ahmad Kurdi ◽  
Sultan Faqeh ◽  
Safwan Alansari ◽  
Akrm Abdulaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Life Support ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACTBackgroundCOVID-19 is highly contagious and can have fatal outcomes in the elderly and those with comorbidities. Social distancing is highly recommended by the World Health Organization to prevent the spread of the disease. However, it is difficult to maintain social distancing in highly populated areas where people live in close proximity. Such high-risk areas have the potential to become hotspots for the disease spread, should one person therein contract the disease. Nakkasah is one such area in the Makkah city of Saudi Arabia which has been a hotspot in this pandemic. This study aims to qualitatively explore the experiences of COVID-19 recovered patients residing in this area.MethodsWe employed semi-structured face-to-face interviews with people living in Nakkasah, above 18 years of age, and recovered from COVID-19. An interview guide was developed, validated, piloted, and minor changes were made. Two trained students conducted the interviews in the Arabic language in a semi-private area of the community center. The interviews were audio-recorded, with informed consent from interviewees, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed later.ResultsEleven eligible COVID-19 recovered people (two female and nine male) agreed to be interviewed, and their verbal informed consent was audio recorded. The mean interview time was 24 minutes. Thematic analysis generated 30 subthemes, which were categorized into seven overarching themes: information about COVID-19; life during COVID-19 illness; spreading of COVID-19; precautionary measures; interventions that helped in recovery; impact of COVID-19 on life; support received during COVID-19 illness.ConclusionExperiences of people from the hotspot who had recovered from COVID-19 highlighted how life had been like in the hotspot under lockdown especially with having been afflicted with the infection, factors that facilitated their recovery, and the way their lives were and have been affected due to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19 and impacts on medical education: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Kelly Kelly ◽  
Lie Rebecca Yen Hwei ◽  
Gilbert Sterling Octavius
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat

Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been affected by the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. The virus’ infectious nature pushed all sectors to implement social distancing measures in an effort to limit its transmission, including the education sector. We searched PubMed and Science Direct on June 12th and found 24 papers that are relevant to our review. After the World Health Organization announced that COVID-19 is a global threat, various countries took a variety of measures to limit the disease spread such as social distancing, self-quarantine, and closing public facilities that hold large gatherings, including universities and schools. Hospitals started to prioritize services for COVID-19 cases. Medical education programs are also affected by this disease, but not continuing in-person classes outweighs any benefit from traditional teaching methods. The previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) pandemics have shown ways to shift medical education to online platforms. In the current pandemic, online meetings are being used to hold lectures, classes, laboratory practices, and clinical skills classes. For clerkship students, online platforms might not be feasible because this eliminates patient-doctor relationships, but it appears for now to be the only option. Some institutions have involved medical students in the frontlines altogether. We encourage all parties to constantly evaluate, review, and improve the efforts of continuing medical education, especially during this pandemic. Further research is needed to evaluate students’ performance after adopting e-learning and to discover the best methods in medical education in general and clerkship education in particular.

scholarly journals Manav Rakshak: Device to Help Maintain Social Distancing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2401-2403
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Smart Wearable ◽  
Health Experts

Abstract: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed COVID-19 a pandemic, in response to the more than 1,00,000 confirmed cases globally in more than 100 countries, and the persistent threat of spreading further. Presently, there is no medicine to cure or vaccine to prevent the spread of COVID 19. The only way to curb its menace is taking precautionary measures as advised by Health experts. Social distancing i.e. maintaining a minimum distance of 1-1.5 meter between two individuals is one of the proactive measures advised by WHO. In this paper, an ATMEGA (open source) based Smart wearable device “Manav Rakshak” is proposed. It can be worn while travelling outside home and will help in maintaining the social distancing thereby curb the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and Social Distancing on Banks’ Asset Quality: An International Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Nader Alber ◽  
Mohamed Dabour
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Nonperforming Loans ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Asset Quality ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims at testing the significance of each of Covid-19 pandemic and social distancing on banks’ asset quality, using a sample of 30 banks representing 10 countries according to GMM technique. Data have been collected from the World Health Organization during 2020. The research covers 10 countries (Egypt; Saudi Arabia; Indonesia; Germany; France; Russia; India; Mexico; South Korea and Nigeria) where 3 banks have been investigated from each country. Results indicate that banks’ asset quality measured by Average change of nonperforming loans ratio seems to be sensitive to Covid-19 spread, measured by Average cases of COVID-19. Besides, findings support the effect of social distancing, measured by each of average staying at residential and average social distancing for retail-recreation. It’s important to pinpoint that results do not support the effect of each of average deaths of Covid-19 and average social distancing for workplaces, residential, grocery pharmacy, parks and transit stations.

scholarly journals Epidemics and Pandemics in India Since 20th Century - A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 2830-2834
Author(s):  
Suwarna Dangore-Khasbage
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization

The outbreak of an infectious disease and its spread beyond geographic boundaries which leads to a high mortality is declared as pandemic. The factors responsible for pandemic are globalization and travel of people across the world for education, employment, business etc. On March 11, 2020 the corona virus outbreak was declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, India was one of the countries affected by the coronavirus outbreak. This article describes the epidemics and pandemics in India since 20th century. But, India was a sufferer of few serious pandemics even before that which are mentioned in brief in this article. Every pandemic has some similar and some dissimilar set of characteristics. All the possible precautionary measures should be taken to avoid transmission within the country and to other countries. In this article, the sincere efforts have been put into compilation of all these natural disasters to alert the dental and medical professionals about the mistakes they might have committed in dealing with an outbreak in the past or how they would overcome or face the current issues. Fortunately India has fought against all these calamites bravely and successfully. Nevertheless during COVID-19 also, India is maintaining better control over the disease spread irrespective of its limited resources and dense population. Though overall incidence of new cases is reducing day by day, COVID-19 still exists in India and all over the world. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time is termed as “endemic’. However, if the outbreak of a disease occurs due to its high infectious potential it can lead to a high mortality rate, and so is declared as a pandemic. The globalization and travel of people across the world is usually responsible for pandemic. India has handled many epidemics and pandemics as revealed by history. The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as pandemic on March 11, 2020. Basically the disease originated in China, as the first case of COVID-19 infection was diagnosed in Wuhan city of China. Large number of cases were detected to be suffering from the same disease in China as it was a highly contagious disease. Presently, the disease has spread all over the world like a storm, affecting most of the countries, with the highest number of infected cases in U.S., Italy and Spain. India is also one of the victim countries. Taking into account the rapid spread of disease COVID 19 is the topic of great worry in India due to its high population density. This article describes the epidemics and pandemics since 20th century. But, India was a sufferer of few serious pandemics even before that such as Cholera Pandemic in 5 phases, Bombay Plague Epidemic and VIth Cholera Pandemic in 19thcentury.

scholarly journals Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052094907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka ◽  
Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi ◽  
Olusola Bolaji Adewale ◽  
Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare ◽  
Musa Oyebowale Akanbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Good Hygiene

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has resulted in over 20 million cases and 741,808 deaths globally, affecting more than 200 countries. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is limited information on COVID-19, and treatment has so far focused on supportive care and use of repurposed drugs. COVID-19 can be transmitted via person-to-person contact through droplet spread. Some of the recommended precautionary measures to reduce the rate of disease spread include social distancing, good hygiene practices, and avoidance of crowded areas. These measures are effective because the droplets are heavy and can only travel approximately 1 meter in the air, settling quickly on fixed surfaces. Promising strategies to combat SARS-CoV-2 include discovery of therapeutic targets/drugs and vaccines. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of COVID-19. We also address the mechanisms of action of approved repurposed drugs for therapeutic management of the disease.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Knowledge and Anxiety Levels toward COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Fatmah Alsharif
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Health Organization

Background: In the battle against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, medical care staff, especially nurses, are at a higher risk of encountering psychological health issues and distress, such as stress, tension, burdensome indications, and, most importantly, fear. They are also at higher risk of becoming infected and transmitting this virus. In Saudi Arabia, it was noticed that the healthcare workforce suffered from anxiety, and that this more evident in women than men. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding COVID-19 and the level of anxiety toward the COVID-19 outbreak in the current pandemic situation. Design: A cross-sectional design was used and a validated self-administered online questionnaire with a set of questions related to COVID-19 was distributed to 87 participating nurses. Results: The results showed that more than half of the nurses (71.90%) had an adequate and good knowledge about the causes, transmission, symptoms, treatment, and death rate of COVID-19. The main sources of information for the nurses were social media (51.7%) and the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health (36.8%). Conclusions: The results allowed the conclusion that, though the nurses had satisfactory knowledge about COVID-19, more than 50% of them experienced mental health issues such as anxiety. To address this, along with providing more knowledge about COVID-19, nurses should be supported in managing their anxiety.

Identification of determinants of healthy ageing in Italy: results from the national survey IDAGIT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Erika Guastafierro ◽  
Ilaria Rocco ◽  
Rui Quintas ◽  
Barbara Corso ◽  
Nadia Minicuci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Ageing Model ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Healthy ageing is a public health problem globally. In Europe, the dependency ratio of the elderly is expected to increase by 21.6 per cent to 51.2 per cent in 2070. The World Health Organization (WHO) study on healthy ageing started in 2002 as a concept whereby all people of all ages should be able to live in a healthy, safe and socially inclusive way. The aim of this study is to present preliminary results of the project Identification of Determinants of Healthy Ageing in Italy (IDAGIT) that aimed to collect data on the active and healthy ageing of the Italian population aged over 18 using the conceptual framework of the WHO's ageing model. To link the determinants of the IDAGIT studies to those of the WHO model, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis which reported these variables as significant (in order of factor loading): smoking, cognition score, comorbidity, outdoor built environment, participation, working expertise and income. Considering comorbidity, 83.8 per cent of the sample declared not having any chronic diseases or to have only one, and regarding neurological diseases, only nine people had received a diagnosis of stroke. Regarding gender, the personal determinants and physical and social environments did not result in statistically significant differences, whereas we found statistical differences between the aged groups in all variables analysed. These results provide a first bio-psycho-social perspective on ageing in the Italian population.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Face Masks in Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Model-Based Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110190
Author(s):  
Isabelle J. Rao ◽  
Jacqueline J. Vallon ◽  
Margaret L. Brandeau
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mask Effectiveness

Background The World Health Organization and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that both infected and susceptible people wear face masks to protect against COVID-19. Methods We develop a dynamic disease model to assess the effectiveness of face masks in reducing the spread of COVID-19, during an initial outbreak and a later resurgence, as a function of mask effectiveness, coverage, intervention timing, and time horizon. We instantiate the model for the COVID-19 outbreak in New York, with sensitivity analyses on key natural history parameters. Results During the initial epidemic outbreak, with no social distancing, only 100% coverage of masks with high effectiveness can reduce the effective reproductive number [Formula: see text] below 1. During a resurgence, with lowered transmission rates due to social distancing measures, masks with medium effectiveness at 80% coverage can reduce [Formula: see text] below 1 but cannot do so if individuals relax social distancing efforts. Full mask coverage could significantly improve outcomes during a resurgence: with social distancing, masks with at least medium effectiveness could reduce [Formula: see text] below 1 and avert almost all infections, even with intervention fatigue. For coverage levels below 100%, prioritizing masks that reduce the risk of an infected individual from spreading the infection rather than the risk of a susceptible individual from getting infected yields the greatest benefit. Limitations Data regarding COVID-19 transmission are uncertain, and empirical evidence on mask effectiveness is limited. Our analyses assume homogeneous mixing, providing an upper bound on mask effectiveness. Conclusions Even moderately effective face masks can play a role in reducing the spread of COVID-19, particularly with full coverage, but should be combined with social distancing measures to reduce [Formula: see text] below 1. [Box: see text]

scholarly journals Impact on refractive surgery due to increasing use of personal protection equipment: Insights from EUROCOVCAT group

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110186
Author(s):  
Arthur B Cummings ◽  
Cian Gildea ◽  
Antoine P Brézin ◽  
Boris E Malyugin ◽  
Ozlem Evren Kemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Vision Correction ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Motivating Factor

Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic on 11th March 2020, changes to social and sanitary practices have included significant issues in access and management of eye care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the fear of loss, coupled with social distancing, lockdown, economic instability, and uncertainty, have led to a significant psychosocial impact that will have to be addressed. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, personal protective equipment such as face masks or face coverings have become a daily necessity. While “mass masking” along with hand hygiene and social distancing became more widespread, new issues began to emerge – particularly in those who wore spectacles as a means of vision correction. As we began to see routine patients again after the first lockdown had been lifted, many patients visited our clinics for refractive surgery consultations with a primary motivating factor of wanting spectacle independence due to the fogging of their spectacles as a result of wearing a mask. In this article, we report on new emerging issues in eye care due to the widespread use of masks and on the new unmet need in the corneal and cataract refractive surgery fields.

scholarly journals Implicações do uso do Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual na qualidade de vida de idosos

CoDAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Zorzetto Carniel ◽  
Juliana Cristina Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Carla Dias da Silva ◽  
Carla Aparecida de Urzedo Fortunato-Queiroz ◽  
Miguel Ângelo Hyppolito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Hearing Handicap ◽  
Organization Quality ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Post Hoc

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar, por meio de questionários padronizados, a qualidade de vida de idosos com deficiência auditiva diagnosticada que utilizam ou não a prótese auditiva (AASI) e de idosos sem queixa auditiva. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra não probabilística, distribuída em três grupos divididos da seguinte forma: 30 idosos com perda auditiva diagnosticada e com indicação para uso do aparelho de amplificação sonora individual (AASI), mas que ainda não faziam uso da prótese; 30 idosos com deficiência auditiva que usavam o AASI; e 30 idosos sem queixa auditiva. Os participantes completaram um questionário que investigava dados sociodemográficos e familiares, o Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S) e o World Health Organization Quality of Life - versão breve (WHOQOL-Breve). Além das análises descritivas dos dados, foram realizados testes para comparação dos três grupos, aplicando-se a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste post hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados Os três grupos se diferenciaram significativamente em todos os domínios de qualidade de vida. O grupo de idosos com perda auditiva diagnosticada e com indicação para uso do AASI apresentou menores escores que o grupo de idosos com deficiência auditiva que usavam o AASI e que o grupo de referência. O grupo com AASI apresentou os melhores resultados de qualidade de vida. Conclusão A perda auditiva afeta a qualidade de vida do idoso. O uso efetivo da prótese auditiva é benéfico a esta população, melhorando suas condições de vida e saúde.

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