Impact of index card match method on the knowledge and attitudes about leucorrhoea among adolescent girls

Leucorrhoea is a reproductive health problem that often appears in adolescents. Girls between the ages of 12-16 are at high risk of leucorrhoea. The Index Card Match (ICM) method is recognized as an effective preventive effort of the adolescent health education. This research aimed to discover the impact of the ICM method on the knowledge and attitudes about leucorrhoea among adolescent girls and prove the ICM method’s effectivity between the treatment and control groups. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre–post-test and control group. The population of this research was 40 adolescent girls. The sample included as many as 32 respondents using purposive sampling who were then divided into 2 groups: treatment and control, with each group consisting of 16 respondents. The independent variable was health education using the ICM method. The dependent variables were knowledge and attitude. The instruments used a questionnaire of knowledge and attitude, index card match, leaflet, and event activity unit. Data analysis used a paired T-test and the independent T-test with the significance set as p<0.05. The results of the paired sample T-test in the treatment group obtained the value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05), which means that after the ICM method there was significant improvement in the knowledge about leucorrhoea among the adolescent girls. The independent T test obtained p value = 0.000 (p <0.05), which indicated there was significant difference in knowledge between the treatment and control groups. The paired T test in the treatment group obtained the value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05), which means that after the ICM method there was significant change in the attitudes about leucorrhoea among the adolescent girls. The independent T test obtained the value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05), which indicated there was a significant difference in post-test attitudes between the treatment and control groups. Health education with the index card match method was one of the effective learning methods that could be accepted well by the respondents. As a result, the respondents could improve their learning about leucorrhoea.

Community based intervention: Local village preparedness in prevention and control of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global concern since it has severely affected various aspects of life such as health, economy, society, culture, and religion. Community empowerment in breaking the chain of region-based COVID-19 spread is an effective approach that can be taken. This intervention is an important alternative measure to slow the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 that continue to occur in Indonesia. This article aimed to describe the implementation of a community-based COVID-19 prevention program that was conducted among 280 families in six sub-districts in Brebes Regency from May to June 2020. The assessment used a questionnaire of COVID-19 transmission risk, with a total of 29 indicators developed based on references from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The preliminary assessment of our program found several aspects that were related to the risk of COVID-19 transmission in the village and observed that there was insufficient public knowledge about COVID-19 including poor practice of health protocols and the negative stigma of society towards patients with COVID-19. The community-based program involved several activities, which namely consisted of program introduction, coordination with stakeholders, community assessments, group discussions, village community deliberations, health education about COVID-19 and 6 step hand washing, distribution of cloth masks, socialization of mask usage and care, socialization of pregnancy checks during the pandemic, provision of hand washing facilities in front of the house, activities evaluation, follow-up plans, and closings. Furthermore, the aforementioned activities also used videos, posters, leaflets, WhatsApp, as well as Zoom Cloud Meetings as the media. The evaluation phase of the program showed a better understanding related to COVID-19 and health protocol practice in each region. Community empowerment and collaboration with health care facilities can be pursued as a frontline solution to tackle the transmission of COVID-19. Good support and active community participation can contribute to improve the public health status.

Effect of disaster preparedness training towards knowledge of COVID-19 among rural society in Banjararum Village, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta

The number of COVID-19 daily cases in Indonesia reached a record high in 2021, and the prevalence of active cases increased beyond hospital capacity. Disaster preparedness training involving the key role of society is substantial to stop the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the effect of disaster preparedness training towards the knowledge of COVID-19 pandemic among rural society. The intervention involved 29 participants, who were located in a rural area of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Participants were required to complete the pre-test and post-test to determine the effect of disaster preparedness training on participant knowledge. There was a significant effect of disaster preparedness training on public knowledge about COVID-19 (P <0.005). There was an increase in the mean score between pre-test (9.93) and post-test (11.68). By increasing society’s knowledge, the society can play a maximum role in COVID-19 prevention and control measures.

Modification of cognitive behavior therapy to improve the skill of elderly with osteoarthritis

One of the characteristics of physical changes in the elderly involves a decrease in the musculoskeletal system, such as the depletion of the synovial joint fluid which has an impact on the pain felt in joints. This condition can cause a disruption of the quality of life for the elderly and results in increases in the family burden. The purpose of cognitive-behavioral therapy in nurse care planning is to provide an overview of the implementation of family care nursing, community care health nursing, and management of health services by community health nurses to the elderly with osteoarthritis. The innovation and development of this senior citizen community program, initially named Lansia SMART (SMART Elderly), consists of six sessions, including psychoeducation sessions, cognitive restructuring sessions, pain management sessions with progressive muscle relaxation, activity scheduling sessions, problem-solving sessions, and tutorial sessions for the Lansia SMART (SMART Elderly) group with the Android application. The final maintaining challenging stage of these services involved 59 elderly participants. Data analysis used paired T-tests. The results of this innovation showed significant differences in the behavior of the elderly participants after the implementation of the SMART Elderly program (p < 0.05). The SMART Elderly program was effective to improve the elderly participants’ behavior. Nurses can use cognitive behavioral therapy to improve the process of self-management of osteoarthritis among their clients.

Potential advantages and disadvantages of telemedicine: A literature review from the perspectives of patients, medical personnel, and hospitals

With the increase in the aging population around the world, the medical field is also changing in response. The number one cause of mortality in the aging population is non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease or kidney failure. Advancements in technology make it possible for diagnoses and treatments to be no longer confined physically but they can be done virtually. However, there are several drawbacks in fully utilizing telemedicine such as hesitancy from the medical personnel and unclear law requirements. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of telemedicine from three perspectives of the patients, medical personnel, and hospitals.

Is the forum of disaster risk reduction ready?: Disaster preparedness in a community setting

A community-based forum, Forum Pengurangan Resiko Bencana (FPRB), or Forum of Disaster Risk Reduction was established to accommodate and collaborate with stakeholders to optimize disaster management according to local capacity. However, evaluation of disaster preparedness among FPRB members is rarely done. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the disaster preparedness and level of Basic Life Support (BLS) knowledge among FPRB members in Bantul. A descriptive study was conducted with a cross-sectional design. Participants (n=77) were members of FPRB in Poncosari sub-district, Srandakan district, and Girirejo sub-district, Imogiri district, Bantul Regency. The survey was undertaken using the modified Disaster Preparedness Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI)-UNESCO 2006 questionnaire and modified BLS American Heart Association (AHA) 2015 questionnaire. Univariate analysis was utilized to analyze data. Overall, the majority (52%) of disaster preparedness levels among FPRB members was categorized as strong level (median = 29). Related to the disaster preparedness aspect, 89% had good disaster knowledge, followed by resource mobilization (75%), urgent plan (60%), and early warning (53%). The median score of BLS knowledge was 5.38 (min-max = 2-9). Most of the participants (56%) had a good level of BLS knowledge. This study highlights that the disaster knowledge aspect is indicated as a highly familiar aspect while the early warning aspect is identified as a low familiar one. This study assists policymakers to develop a strategic plan to promulgate further disaster and first aid training in the community setting.

Cross-sectoral collaboration in mental health services: Identifying the role of mental health care teams in the community

Strengthening integrated and community-based mental health services is essentially needed to address the treatment gap and provide effective services that can be accessed by all groups. To realize this goal, the cross-sectoral involvement that is part of the Tim Pembina, Pengarah, dan Pelaksana Kesehatan Jiwa Masyarakat (TPKJM) is at the forefront because it has direct access to mental disorders cases in their region. This article aims to identify the role of each member of TPKJM in pursuing mental health services. Participants involved in each stage of data collection were members of TPKJM at the sub-district and village levels. The data were collected using three methods: surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews. The collected data were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach to obtain a description of the role of each member of TPKJM within the case handling flow model. Five role themes were identified, including: (a) setting regulations and planning; (b) community clinical services; (c) psychoeducation; (d) safeguarding emergency cases; and (e) administrative advocacy. Regulations regarding the clarity of roles and handling flow are recommended.

Family social capital on public respond to COVID-19 in Indonesia

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) gave impact on the various sectors, not limited to the health sector. In the other hand, social capital was help Indonesian community from the 1998 crisis. This study was aimed to describe the family social capital on COVID-19 prevention and examine factors contribute to family social capital among Indonesia citizen.Method: Cross-sectional data was derived from community survey conducted in Indonesia (February, 2021). A number of 581 Indonesian citizen aged 18 – 59 years old had participated in this study. Data was collected by using online questionnaire that distributed through social media. Furthermore, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were carried out in this study.Result: Most of respondent (55%) had high family social capital. The family social capital include (1) education function, (2) protective function, and (3) reinforcement function. They were discussed with their family member about the hazard of COVID-19, health protocol as strategy for COVID-19 prevention, and tried to remind each other to apply health protocol in the daily activities. Furthermore, their family were provide face mask and hand sanitizer for family member as a tool of COVID-19 prevention. Family was the second highest information source (65%) regarding Covid-19 and prevention among family member. In addition, there was a significant association between perception toward health protocol (p = 0.000), vulnerable status (p = 0.044), and economic status (p = 0.000), and family social capital. Community empowerment in the COVID-19 prevention through family social capital was challenging. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Indonesian community had high family social capital. Moreover, public health expert need to empower family social capital in the COVID-19 prevention.

The screening of heart disease by cardiac auscultation and electrocardiography examination in pregnant women in Puskesmas Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Women adapt to pregnancy through multi-organ system physiologic changes, including cardiovascular adaptations. These changes affect those with pre-existing cardiovascular problems differently, and subsequently lead to higher probability of death caused by cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Therefore, detection of cardiovascular disease early in pregnancy is important to lower maternal morbidity and mortality by providing prompt and adequate management. This study aimed to evaluate and test the feasibility of integrating 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) examination and antenatal care (ANC) screening as a simple and effective method for early detection of heart abnormality in pregnant woman. Pregnant women were recruited in this study in any trimester who attended ANC for a routine pregnancy examination in Puskesmas Tegalrejo Yogyakarta. The subjects underwent primary screening which focused on cardiac auscultation and 12-lead ECG examinations, and those who had abnormal findings were further followed-up in secondary screening by using trans-thoracic echocardiography to confirm heart abnormality. A total of 523 pregnant women from Puskesmas Tegalrejo were included in this study. 15 (2.8%) pregnant woman were suspected to have heart abnormalities; from those, 3 (0.5%) were found with heart murmurs with abnormal ECG readings, 1 (0.19%) had heart murmurs with normal ECG results, and 11 (2.1%) had abnormal ECG readings only. The secondary screening of those patients resulted in 1 (0.19%) pregnant woman who was diagnosed with Atrial Septal Defect. Our study found that among 15 patients identified with suspected ECG abnormalities, one mother who underwent ANC was newly diagnosed with a pre-existing cardiac abnormality. Our study concluded this screening method is a simple and feasible integrated heart screening program that can be implemented widely. We hope this integrated heart screening program may benefit pregnant women who may have cardiac abnormalities to be detected as early as possible, thus reducing maternal morbidity and mortality.

Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) polymorphism is significantly associated with kidney function status in Nusa Tenggara Timur ethnicity: A cross-sectional study

Excessive alcohol consumption is harmful to many human organs, but the association with kidney function is still controversial. The disagreement in findings might be caused by ADH1C polymorphism's influence on alcohol metabolism rate. This study aims to determine the correlation between ADH1C polymorphism and kidney function status in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) ethnicity, a population with highly prevalent alcohol consumption in Indonesia. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 76 subjects, who are natives of NTT, Indonesia. The genotyping of extracted DNA for ADH1C was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using restriction endonuclease SspI. Kidney function status was defined by serum urea level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that had been categorized according to percentiles. The correlation with the ADH1C allele was analyzed using chi-square tests. The genotype of ADH1C in NTT ethnicity was ADH1C*1/*2 (51.3%), ADH1C*2/*2 (47.4%), and ADH1C*1/*1 (1.3%). The results showed that the population had the ADH1C*2 (73.03%) and the ADH1C*1 (26.97%) allele. There was a significant association between ADH1C polymorphism and eGFR among NTT ethnicity (p=0.005) when eGFR was analyzed at the 25th percentile (74.75 mL/minute/1.73m2). However, we found no associations when eGFR was analyzed at 50th (p=0.571) and 75th (p=0.335) percentiles. The odds ratio shows that having the ADH1C*1/*2 genotype escalates the probability of declining eGFR 6.620 times compared to ADH1C*2/*2 (95% CI: 1.539-28.478), after adjusted for smoking behavior. We found no association between ADH1C polymorphism and serum urea level (p=0.123, 0.421, and 0.335). The majority of NTT ethnicity have the ADH1C*1/*2 genotype. Populations with ADH1C*1/*2 have higher odds ratio for eGFR below 74.75 mL/minute/1.73m2 than those with ADH1C*2/*2 genotype. There was no association between ADH1C polymorphism and serum urea levels.