scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH OF Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822), JUVENILE PAICHE, CREATED EXCAVATED TANK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Silva Pinto ◽  
Luana Félix de Melo ◽  
Julia Bastos de Aquino ◽  
Jerônimo Vieira Dantas Filho ◽  
Maria Angelica Miglino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Cardiac Region ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Mucosal Folds

Paiche ( Arapaima gigas) belongs to the Kingdom Animalia , Phylum Chordata , Class Actinopterygii , Order Osteoglossiformes, Family Arapaimidae, Genus Arapaima, and its origin may date to the Jurassic period. The species has natural habitat in the Amazonian rivers, found mainly in marginal lakes, being considered an important fishing resource, with high market value and high demand for meat and leather in both Brazilian and international trade. This study aims to describe the morphology of the esophagus and stomach by light microscopy and scanning electronics microscopy. The esophagus was presented as muscular, short, tubular and fan-shaped in the cranial portion, also presenting deep longitudinal folds, and the entire mucosa is covered by mucus secretory cells with distinct morphological characteristics. Pirarurcu’s stomach has a J-shape divided into three regions: cardiac with a lighter aspect, fundus portion with few folds in the mucosa, and pyloric with deeper folds, also presenting gastroliths in fundus and pyloric portions. Both microscopy studies highlighted three glandular regions, composed by mucoid columnar epithelial cells, gastric crypts with different shapes and sizes depending on each portion, in which the different shapes of the mucosal folds in each region of the stomach were evident, and digitiform microsaliences were found in the cardiac region, and micro-orifices and desmosome in the fundus region. Also, fundus and pyloric portions produce more mucus than the cardiac. Then morphology found was consistent with the eating habits and management of distinct characteristics of the digestive tract.

scholarly journals A new species of Coccoloba P. Browne (Polygonaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon with exceptionally large leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efigenia de MELO ◽  
Carlos Alberto CID FERREIRA ◽  
Rogério GRIBEL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Madeira River ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACT We describe and illustrate a new species of Coccoloba (Polygonaceae), named Coccoloba gigantifolia, from the Brazilian Amazon. It resembles Coccoloba mollis Casar, but differs from the latter species by its much larger leaves in the fertile branches. The species has only been recorded in the Madeira River basin, in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia, in the central and southwestern Brazilian Amazon. The description was based on herbarium material, cultivated plants, and individual trees in their natural habitat. We provide illustrations, photographs, and an identification key with morphological characteristics that distinguish the new taxon from the other two related taxa of the Coccoloba sect. Paniculatae, as well as comments on the geographic distribution and conservation status of the species.

scholarly journals Biological applications and secondary metabolites of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R. B. Semwal ◽  
K. Joshi ◽  
A. Pandian ◽  
P. P. Badoni ◽  
D. K. Semwal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Inflammatory Agent

Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. (Compositae), popularly known as Kuth in Ayurveda, is useful for gastrointestinal disorders in the form of a digestive agent, anti-gastric agent or an appetizer. Its roots have been used in respiratory problems like cough and asthma. The plant is also used in various other traditional medicinal systems including Unani. A number of scientific reports have proved its therapeutic importance as anti-gastric, anti-asthmatic, antispasmodic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. A variety of secondary metabolites including sesquiterpenoid lactones, lignins, and phytosterols have been identified as bioactive principles from the roots of this plant. Today, many healthcare products are available in the market those contain S. costus roots as single or in the form of a polyherbal formulation. According to the IUCN Red List, S. lappa is under the threatened category and due to its high demand in the market, it is becoming extinct very fast from its natural habitat. Hence, there is an urgent need to protect the plant by promoting its cultivation on a large scale.

scholarly journals Morphology, histochemical test, potential, and conservation effort of Alpinia warburgii K. Schum., a native species to Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
Trimanto ◽  
L Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Abstract Alpinia warburgii is a species of the Zingiberaceae family native to Sulawesi. This study aims to characterize the plant morphology; analyze the anatomical structure, histochemical localization, and secretory cell structure of the rhizome; also discuss the potential and conservation effort of the species. Anatomical study and histochemical tests were observed microscopically using the fresh preparation method and wet mounted slide. Histochemical tests carried out include starch, protein, lipid, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid. This study is considered the first report of histochemical tests on A. warburgii. The main morphological characteristics of A. warburgii are perennial herbaceous; inflorescence terminal and raceme; flowers white, labellum obovate with red lines in the middle, and flanked by light green edges; fruit globose, green when young and yellow when ripe. The rhizome anatomical structure comprises the epidermis, endodermis, hypodermis, parenchyma, cortex, and vascular bundles, classified as closed collateral type. Histochemical tests showed positive localization for starch, protein, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The density of flavonoids secretory cells is higher than tannins and alkaloids, which indicates its potential as medicine to be associated with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammation, and anticancer. In addition to in-situ, ex-situ conservation effort through propagation is also important to maintain the species.

Fabrication of PCD Micro Tools Using Block EDM Method and Their Application to Different Microstructures in Brittle and Hard Materials

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Perveen ◽  
Y. S. Wong ◽  
M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Electro Discharge Machining ◽  
Machining Strategy ◽  
Reduced Dimension ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Conical Tool ◽  
Micro Tools

Fabrication of microelectrodes with different shape has become so important due to the high demand of industrial products not only with diversified shape but also of reduced dimension. However, to date, fabrication of different shapes in single setup is not possible and also need special indexing attachment. To solve this problem, in this study, a specially designed block containing three V slot of 60° 90° 120° has been designed and fabricated using wire cut machine to facilitate the fabrication of different shape micro-electrode. Then, with the help of block electro discharge machining method using this specially designed block, the feasibility of fabrication of microelectrodes with symmetrical and non-symmetrical section e.g. conical tool of angle 60° 90° 120°, rectangular, triangular, circular and semicircular tool from commercially available polycrystalline diamond rod has been investigated. As the size of electrode is of micron scale, multi-pass machining strategy has been taken to reduce the volumetric material removal, and thus to diminish the possible electrode breakage, which is especially significant. Finally, this strategy of using specially designed block has been found to be feasible for producing microelectrodes of various symmetrical and non-symmetrical sections down to few microns. In addition to this, the capabilities of these fabricated tools have been depicted by recommending few applications on both conductive and nonconductive material.

scholarly journals Comparative study of African catfish parasites from cultured and natural habitats

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olajide Joseph Afolabi ◽  
Fayokemi Christianah Olususi ◽  
Olusola Olasumbo Odeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Abstract Background The study was conducted to compare parasitic loads of Clarias gariepinus from cultured and natural habitats. A total number of 80 live adults (200–799 g) C. gariepinus comprising of 20 each were randomly obtained from two cultured habitats (ponds) and two natural habitats (rivers). In the laboratory, these fish were all examined for the presence of parasites. Their sexes were identified while the lengths and weights were measured and recorded prior to dissection. The parasites observed were also identified using morphological characteristics. Results Out of the 80 C. gariepinus sampled, 43 (53.75%) were infected and a total of 409 parasites comprising of 141 (34.47%) ectoparasites and 268 (65.53%) endoparasites were observed from the infected fish. The prevalence of parasitic infection in cultured and natural habitats was 20% and 33.75%, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in parasitic infection of C. gariepinus obtained from cultured and natural habitats. Parasitic loads were observed to be significantly higher in natural habitat (33.74% and 26.16% for river A and river B, respectively) compared to cultured habitat (20.54% and 19.55% for pond A and pond B, respectively). The prevalence of parasites in relation to sexes of C. gariepinus was not significantly different (P > 0.05) for both habitats. It was also noted that catfishes with body weight 500–599 g had the highest prevalence (100%) both in cultured and natural habitats. Conclusions The study showed that the parasite loads were more in C. gariepinus obtained from natural habitat compared to those obtained from cultured habitat. It is therefore recommended that the sanitary conditions under which fishes are reared in fish pond should be improved and fish stocked from natural habitats or unscreened ponds should be quarantined to eliminate and treat possible parasitic infection before introducing them into other fish ponds.

scholarly journals Morphometric and Meristic Analysis of Sillaginopsis panijus Along with Seasonal Variation from Rupnarayan River, West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737-1745
Author(s):  
Monalisa Malik Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sustainable Fishery

Present study is a first-time report of flathead Sillago, Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822), from Rupnarayan River of West Bengal. Seasonal sampling performed from January 2019- February 2020 by collection of water sample and fish sample in the morning time 5.00 A.M. – 8.00 A.M. A total of 116 specimens of Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) were collected from four different sampling stations of Rupnarayan river (22.23°N 88.03°E to 22.40°N 87.36°E), West Bengal, India. Present work is a morphometric and meristic data analysis has been provided in detail. Total 23 morphometric characters and 13 meristic characters were analyzed. Morphological characteristics of the species were present to confirm the occurrence and distribution of Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) along the riverine water of Rupnarayan. The physico-chemical parameters of water have been measured such as temperature of water, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity. The statistical analysis of multivariate test with post-Hoc analysis and correlation were established with the abundance of S. panijus (Hamilton, 1822) in relation to water parameters. The result shows the dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and salinity played a most important role in the distribution of S. panijus (Hamilton, 1822). The result shows a statistically significant difference in distribution of fish species, F (12, 8) =18.86, p<0.0005; Wilk’s Λ=0.001, partial η2=0.966. Present study certainly provides the baseline information of Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) from the Rupnarayan river of West Bengal, India. This record of Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) may assist the fishery scientist, researchers, policy planners and conservationists to develop sustainable fishery management. Therefore, this study was considered as a first step on morphometric characters for its development and documenting the extension of the distribution and ecological changes in its natural habitat which helps to conserve this species abundance in this area and prevent overexploitation.

scholarly journals Морфолого-культуральні властивості рідкісного лікарського гриба Sparassis crispa (Sparassidaceae, Polyporales)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-558
Author(s):  
O. B. Mykchaylova ◽  
A. P. Gryganskyi ◽  
M. L. Lomberg ◽  
N. A. Bisko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Pine Sawdust

<p>A verification of <em>S</em><em>parassis</em><em> crispa</em><em> </em>(Wulfen) Fr. strains of the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection using molecular-genetic and cultural-morphological methods were done. For all <em>S. crispa</em> strains a complete determination of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer: ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 regions of rRNA, as well as the partial determination of 18S and 28S sequences surrounding the ITS, was performed. As a result of the search in the gene bank, the <em>S</em><em>. </em><em>crispa</em> samples deposited there showed 99-98% identity with the sequences we received, thus confirming the species of the examined strains. On the basis of the sequences we received, investigated strains were registered in NCBI GenBank. To confirm the taxonomic affiliation of the strains we studied their cultural and morphological characteristics. Microstructures of vegetative mycelium by optical and scanning electron microscopy were investigated. In all <em>S. crispa</em> cultures we observed the hyphae with regular one-sided gapless clamp connections, numerous secretory cells on the surface of the hyphae, anastomoses, filamentous strands and films. We studied the growth rate and morphology of the strains on seven agar nutrient media. According to the radial growth rate of <em>S. crispa</em> cultures can be placed to the very slowly growing mushrooms, growth rate of 0,5−2,8 mm/day. We found the selective media such as malt agar with the addition of pine sawdust (SS) and larch sawdust (SM) as most favorable for the vegetative growth and generative stage for all strains, temperature of incubation was 26 ± 0.1 °C. For mycelial growth the critical temperature was 39 ± 0.1 °C for <em>S. crispa</em> strains 312, 314 and 40 ± 0.1 °C for the strains 304, 2004. We confirmed belonging of studied strains to <em>S. </em><em>с</em><em>rispa</em> species according to established morphological and cultural characteristics. This result coincided with the results of DNA typing. Thus, the obtained mycelium growth parameters on nutrient media, micro- and macromorphological characteristics can be used as additional taxonomic characteristics of <em>S. </em><em>с</em><em>rispa</em> culture in the vegetative stage of growth.<strong> </strong>The strain <em>S. </em><em>с</em><em>rispa</em> 314 may become a potential producer for new fungal biotechnologies in Ukraine in the near future and reintroduction of this species in the nature.</p>

Structural analysis of toad oviductal mucosa in relation to jelly components secretion throughout the reproductive cycle

Zygote ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Alejandra Crespo ◽  
Inés Ramos ◽  
Marcela Fátima Medina ◽  
Susana Beatriz Cisint ◽  
Ana Lucrecia Iruzubieta Villagra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pars Convoluta ◽  
Proximal Zone

SummaryIn amphibians, the components of the jelly coats that surround the oocytes at the time of fertilization and coordinate gamete interaction are secreted by the oviduct. We analysed the histological variations in the mucosa of the oviductal pars convoluta (PC) of Rhinella arenarum during the reproductive cycle and its relationship with secretion. During the preovulatory period, the mucosa reaches a high degree of morphological and functional development, with a large number of epithelial (ESC) and glandular secretory cells (GSC) loaded with contents that are secreted into the oviductal lumen. During the ovulatory period, the secretory cells (SC) of both layers present maximum secretory activity through apocrinia and merocrinia. While the ESC located at the tips of the folds release their content directly in contact with the oocytes, the GSC secrete material from the bottom of the epithelial folds that, by interaction with the secretion of the ESC in the lateral faces, form a product with a certain degree of organization. Secretion is a continuous process with formation of coats of increasing complexity from the intermediate proximal zone (IPZ) to the pars convoluta (pc) itself, and the passage of the oocyte is a requisite for the organization of the jelly coats around the gamete.During the early postovulatory period, although there is a marked decrease in the number and volume of the SC, the ESC still release material into the oviductal lumen. In the late postovulatory period the morphological characteristics of the PC begin to recovery although there is no evidence of secretion.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of the protozooplanktonic community in a tropical oligotrophic environment (Ilha Solteira reservoir, Brazil)

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Mansano ◽  
KF Hisatugo ◽  
MA Leite ◽  
AP Luzia ◽  
MH Regali-Seleghim
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
State Index ◽  
Material Input

The seasonal variation of the protozooplanktonic community (ciliates and testate amoebae) was studied in a tropical oligotrophic reservoir in Brazil, which was under the influence of two contrasting climatic seasons (rainy/warm and dry/cold). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of these climatic changes on physical, chemical and biological variables in the dynamic of this community. The highest mean density of total protozoans occurred in the rainy/warm season (5683.2 ind L−1), while the lowest was in the dry/cold (2016.0 ind L−1). Considering the seasonal variations, the protozoan groups that are truly planktonic, such as the oligotrichs (Spirotrichea), predominated in the dry season, whereas during the rainy season, due to the material input and resuspension of sediment, sessile protozoans of the Peritrichia group were the most important ones. The dominant protozoans were Urotricha globosa, Cothurnia annulata, Pseudodifflugia sp. and Halteria grandinella. The highest densities of H. grandinella were associated with more oxygenated and transparent water conditions, while the highest densities of C. annulata occurred in sites with high turbidity, pH and trophic state index (TSI). The study demonstrated that density and composition of protozooplanktonic species and groups of the reservoir suffered seasonal variation due to the environmental variables (mainly temperature, turbidity, water transparency, dissolved oxygen and TSI) and the biological variables (e.g. morphological characteristics, eating habits and escape strategies from predation of the species).

scholarly journals Simulating Bee Pollination for Horticultural Applications

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Trial Outcomes ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Detailed Computer

We depend on wild and managed bees for the pollination of a third of fruits, vegetables and nuts for human consumption. Consequently, the details of the interactions between bees and flowers are of utmost concern to growers and seed producers. However, due to the increasing variability of our climate, the loss of bees’ natural habitat, the use of pesticides and the industrialisation of agriculture, the interactions between bees and our flowering crops are changing in complex ways. Traditional field trials are one approach helping to establish how these changes are impacting on food production, but these techniques are time-consuming, season-limited, and susceptible themselves to the same rapid and dynamic disruptions the ecosystems are subject to. Instead, we propose an iterative experimental approach, in which detailed computer simulations that predict how best to run field trials, are repeatedly informed by field observations and field trial outcomes. The simulations account for bee species’ unique perceptual, behavioural, physiological and morphological characteristics, and realistically model the bees’ foraging environments, including open fields, protected crops, and natural ecosystems. We explain how our simulations work, and provide case studies detailing the results of experiments with planting layout to boost pollination. These models lead to improved plant/pollinator interaction management. They have the potential to boost yield, quality, and shelf-life for a variety of crops, to raise food security generally, and to improve the sustainability of our farm and natural ecosystem management practices.

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