scholarly journals Activation of innate immune signalling during development predisposes to inflammatory intestine and shortened lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Yamashita ◽  
Ayano Oi ◽  
Hina Kosakamoto ◽  
Toshitaka Yamauchi ◽  
Hibiki Kadoguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Immune Pathway

Early-life inflammatory response is associated with risks of age-related pathologies. How transient immune signalling activity during animal development influences life-long fitness is not well understood. Using Drosophila as a model, we find that activation of innate immune pathway IMD signalling in the developing larvae increases adult starvation resistance, decreases food intake, and shortens organismal lifespan. Interestingly, lifespan is shortened by the IMD activation in the larval gut and fat body, while starvation resistance and food intake are altered by that in neurons. The adult flies developed with IMD activation show sustained IMD activity in the gut, despite complete tissue renewal during metamorphosis. The inflammatory adult gut is associated with a greater amount of Gluconobacter sp., characteristic gut microbiota increased in response to immune activation. Removing gut microbiota by antibiotics attenuates the increase of IMD activity and rescues the shortened lifespan. This study demonstrates a tissue-specific programming effect of early-life immune activation on the adult physiology and organismal lifespan.

scholarly journals Early Life Stress Inhibits Expression of a Novel Innate Immune Pathway in the Developing Hippocampus

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Wei ◽  
Arthur Simen ◽  
Shrikant Mane ◽  
Arie Kaffman
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Pathway ◽  
Innate Immune Pathway

scholarly journals Stabilization and optimization of host-microbe-environment interactions as a potential reason for the behavior of natal philopatry

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-bei Bo ◽  
Kevin D. Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Optimization ◽  
Natal Philopatry ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

AbstractMany animals engage in a behavior known as natal philopatry, where after sexual maturity they return to their own birthplaces for subsequent reproduction. There are many proposed ultimate factors that may underlie the evolution of natal philopatry, such as genetic optimization, suitable living conditions, and friendly neighbors, which can improve the survival rates of offspring. However, here we propose that a key factor that has been overlooked could be the colonization of gut microbiota during early life and the effects these microorganisms have on host performance and fitness. In addition to the bacteria transmitted from the mother to offspring, microbes from the surrounding environment also account for a large proportion of the developing gut microbiome. While it was long believed that microbial species all have global distributions, we now know that there are substantial geographic differences and dispersal limitations to environmental microbes. The establishment of gut microbiota during early life has enormous impacts on animal development, including energy metabolism, training of the immune system, and cognitive development. Moreover, these microbial effects scale to influence animal performance and fitness, raising the possibility for natural selection to act on the integrated combination of gut microbial communities and host genetics (i.e. the holobiont). Therefore, in this paper, we propose a hypothesis: that optimization of host-microbe-environment interactions represents a potentially important yet overlooked reason for natal philopatry. Microbiota obtained by natal philopatry could help animals adapt to the environment and improve the survival rates of their young. We propose future directions to test these ideas, and the implications that this hypothesis has for our understanding of host-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals The Role of Ames Dwarfism and Calorie Restriction on Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. e1-e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise S Wiesenborn ◽  
Eric J C Gálvez ◽  
Lina Spinel ◽  
Berta Victoria ◽  
Brittany Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ames Dwarf ◽  
Complex Ecosystem

Abstract The gut microbiome (GM) represents a large and very complex ecosystem of different microorganisms. There is an extensive interest in the potential role of the GM in different diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. The GM changes over the lifespan and is strongly associated with various age-related diseases. Ames dwarf (df/df) mice are characterized by an extended life- and healthspan, and although these mice are protected from many age-related diseases, their microbiome has not been studied. To determine the role of microbiota on longevity animal models, we investigated the changes in the GM of df/df and normal control (N) mice, by comparing parents before mating and littermate mice at three distinct time points during early life. Furthermore, we studied the effects of a 6-month calorie restriction (CR), the most powerful intervention extending the lifespan. Our data revealed significant changes of the GM composition during early life development, and we detected differences in the abundance of some bacteria between df/df and N mice, already in early life. Overall, the variability of the microbiota by genotype, time-point, and breeding pair showed significant differences. In addition, CR caused significant changes in microbiome according to gastrointestinal (GI) location (distal colon, ileum, and cecum), genotype, and diet. However, the overall impact of the genotype was more prominent than that of the CR. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the gut microbiota plays an important role during postnatal development in long-living df/df mice and CR dietary regimen can significantly modulate the GM.

scholarly journals Getting on in Old Age: How the Gut Microbiota Interferes With Brain Innate Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Mossad ◽  
Thomas Blank
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Age Related

The immune system is crucial for defending against various invaders, such as pathogens, cancer cells or misfolded proteins. With increasing age, the diminishing immune response, known as immunosenescence, becomes evident. Concomitantly, some diseases like infections, autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer, accumulate with age. Different cell types are part of the innate immunity response and produce soluble factors, cytokines, chemokines, and type I interferons. Improper maturation of innate immune cells or their dysfunction have been linked to numerous age-related diseases. In parallel to the occurrence of the many functional facets of the immune response, a symbiotic microbiota had been acquired. For the relevant and situation-dependent function of the immune system the microbiome plays an essential role because it fine-tunes the immune system and its responses during life. Nevertheless, how the age-related alterations in the microbiota are reflected in the innate immune system, is still poorly understood. With this review, we provide an up-to-date overview on our present understanding of the gut microbiota effects on innate immunity, with a particular emphasis on aging-associated changes in the gut microbiota and the implications for the brain innate immune response.

scholarly journals Knockdown of the Adipokinetic Hormone Receptor Increases Feeding Frequency in the Two-Spotted Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (7) ◽  
pp. 3111-3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Konuma ◽  
Nobukatsu Morooka ◽  
Hiromichi Nagasawa ◽  
Shinji Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Adipokinetic Hormone ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Double Stranded Rna

Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a peptide hormone that regulates the nutritional state in insects by supporting the mobilization of lipids. In the present study, we manipulated AKH signaling to evaluate how metabolic state regulates feeding in an orthopteran insect, the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. This was accomplished by RNA interference (RNAi) targeting the receptor gene for AKH [G. bimaculatus AKHR (GrybiAKHR)]. We found that the knockdown of GrybiAKHR by AKHR-double-stranded RNA treatment decreased the levels of 1,2-diacylglycerol and trehalose in the hemolymph, whereas it increased the level of triacylglycerol in the fat body. In addition, the knockdown of GrybiAKHR enhanced starvation resistance and increased food intake. Furthermore, direct observation of GrybiAKHRRNAi crickets revealed that the knockdown of GrybiAKHR increased feeding frequency but did not alter meal duration, whereas locomotor activity decreased. The increased frequency of feeding by GrybiAKHRRNAi crickets eventually resulted in an increase of food intake. These data demonstrate that the regulation of the metabolic state by AKH signaling affects feeding frequency, probably through nutritional control.

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