scholarly journals Geospatial characterizing of Under-Five Mortality in Alexandria, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Adel Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa Tahoun ◽  
Abdelrahman Omran ◽  
Shimaa Gad El-karim Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Size Population ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Alexandria City ◽  
Low Incidence

This study aimed to identify geo-spatial pattern of under-five mortality (U5M) in Alexandria and its key determinants. We analyzed the geospatial distribution of 3064 deaths registered at 24 health offices reported from January 2018 to June 2019. The localities of Alexandria city were clustered into high and low incidence areas. Neonates represented 58.7% of U5M, while post-neonates and children were 31.1%, 10.2% respectively. Male deaths were significantly higher (P=0.036). The main leading causes of U5M were prematurity (28.32%), pneumonia (11.01%), cardiac arrest (10.57%), congenital malformation (9.95%), and childhood cardiovascular diseases (9.20%). Spatial distribution of U5M (including the most common three causes) tend to be clustered in western parts of Alexandria (El Hawaria, Bahig, Hamlis and Ketaa Maryiut). Another 9 clusters are at risk of being hotspots. Illiteracy, divorce, and poor locality characteristics (household size, population density, and access to water supply and sanitation), were statistically significant predictors of U5M.

Spatial Patterns of Urban Innovation and Their Evolution from Perspectives of Capacity and Structure: Taking Shenzhen as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Erjie Hu ◽  
Di Hu ◽  
Handong He
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Tertiary Industry ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Structure Index ◽  
Secondary Industry ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Innovation is a key factor for a country’s overall national strength and core competitiveness. The spatial pattern of innovation reflects the regional differences of innovation development, which can provide guidance for the regional allocation of innovation resources. Most studies on the spatial pattern of innovation are at urban and above spatial scale, but studies at urban internal scale are insufficient. The precision and index of the spatial pattern of innovation in the city needs to be improved. This study proposes to divide spatial units based on geographic coordinates of patents, designs the innovation capability and innovation structure index of a spatial unit and their calculation methods, and then reveals the spatial patterns of innovation and their evolutionary characteristics in Shenzhen during 2000–2018. The results show that: (1) The pattern of innovation capacity of secondary industry exhibited a pronounced spatial spillover effect with a positive spatial correlation. The innovation capacity and innovation structure index of the secondary industry evolved in a similar manner; i.e., they gradually extended from the southwest area to the north over time, forming a tree-like distribution pattern with the central part of the southwest area as the “root” and the northwest and northeast areas as the “canopy”. (2) The pattern of innovation capacity of tertiary industry also had a significant spatial spillover effect with a positive spatial correlation. There were differences between the evolutions of innovation capacity and innovation structure index of tertiary industry. Specifically, its innovation capacity presented a triangular spatial distribution pattern with three groups in the central and eastern parts of the southwest area and the south-eastern part of the northwest area as the vertices, while its innovative structure showed a radial spatial distribution pattern with the southwestern part of the southwest area as the source and a gradually sparse distribution toward the northeast. (3) There were differences between the evolution modes of secondary and tertiary industries. Areas with high innovation capacity in the secondary industry tended to be more balanced, while areas with high innovation capacity in the tertiary industry did not necessarily have a balanced innovation structure. Through the method designed in this paper, the spatial pattern of urban innovation can be more precise and comprehensive revealed, and provide useful references for the development of urban innovation.

scholarly journals Occurrence of tuberculosis cases in Crato, Ceará, from 2002 to 2011: a spatial analisys of specific standards

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayrla Lima Pinto ◽  
Talina Carla da Silva ◽  
Lidiane Cristina Félix Gomes ◽  
Maria Rita Bertolozzi ◽  
Lourdes Milagros Mendoza Villavicencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Kernel Method ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Hybrid Design ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Population Groups

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in Crato, Ceará, Brazil, from 2002 to 2011, aiming to check for a point pattern. METHODS: This is an ecological, temporal trend and hybrid design study, with a quantitative approach. A total of 261 cases of tuberculosis were geo-referenced and 20 (7.1%) were considered as losses due to the lack of address. The profile of patients in 10 years of study was in accordance with the following pattern: men aged between 20 and 59 years, with low schooling, affected by the pulmonary form of tuberculosis and who were cured from the disease. RESULTS: The analysis of the spatial distribution of tuberculosis points out that in the period of study, new cases of the disease were not distributed on a regular basis, indicating a clustered spatial pattern, confirmed by the L-function. The map with the density of new cases estimated by the Kernel method showed that the "hot" areas are more concentrated in the vicinity of the central urban area. CONCLUSION: The study allowed pointing out areas of higher and lower concentration of tuberculosis, identifying the spatial pattern, but it also recognized that the disease has not reached all of the population groups with the same intensity. Those who were most vulnerable were the ones who lived in regions with higher population densities, precarious living conditions, and with intense flow of people.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Evaluation of the Multiple Narratives of the Recent Sahelian Regreening*

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Stith ◽  
Alessandra Giannini ◽  
John del Corral ◽  
Susana Adamo ◽  
Alex de Sherbinin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Second Category ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A spatial analysis is presented that aims to synthesize the evidence for climate and social dimensions of the “regreening” of the Sahel. Using an independently constructed archival database of donor-funded interventions in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Senegal in response to the persistence of drought in the 1970s and 1980s, the spatial distribution of these interventions is examined in relation to population density and to trends in precipitation and in greenness. Three categories of environmental change are classified: 1) regions at the northern grassland/shrubland edge of the Sahel where NDVI varies interannually with precipitation, 2) densely populated cropland regions of the Sahel where significant trends in precipitation and NDVI decouple at interannual time scales, and 3) regions at the southern savanna edge of the Sahel where NDVI variation is independent of precipitation. Examination of the spatial distribution of environmental change, number of development projects, and population density brings to the fore the second category, covering the cropland areas where population density and regreening are higher than average. While few, regions in this category coincide with emerging hotspots of regreening in northern Burkina Faso and southern central Niger known from case study literature. In examining the impact of efforts to rejuvenate the Sahelian environment and livelihoods in the aftermath of the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s against the backdrop of a varying and uncertain climate, the transition from desertification to regreening discourses is framed in the context of adaptation to climate change.

Potential contact statistics for measuring scale-dependent spatial pattern and association: an example of northern cod (Gadus morhua) and capelin (Mallotus villosus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1355-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L O'Driscoll ◽  
David C Schneider ◽  
George A Rose ◽  
George R Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Potential Contact

Analysis of simulated data showed that potential contact statistics could be used to describe spatial pattern in sample density data. Potential contact is a new method, analogous to Ripley's K function for mapped point pattern analysis. Potential contact can be used to describe spatial pattern and association over a range of scales without grouping data and is robust against the presence of zeros. The statistical output is ecologically interpretable, as a measure of the degree of contact between individuals. This new technique was applied to examine changes in the spatial distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off Newfoundland, Canada, from 1985 to 1994, a period that encompassed a collapse of the cod stock. Sample data from bottom-trawl surveys indicated that cod were aggregated in patches with dimensions of 100-250 km. During the period of cod decline in the 1990s, spatial structure changed in three ways: the number of patches decreased, patch size shrank, and contact with conspecifics at small (10-20 km) scales fell. Cod were broadly associated with capelin (Mallotus villosus), a major prey species. Spatial distribution of capelin changed over the same time period as changes in cod distribution, and there was no evidence that contact between cod and capelin decreased.

scholarly journals Geospatial Distribution of Public Secondary in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Yila Caiaphas Makadi ◽  
Abecca Stephen Sati ◽  
Ismail Dankaka
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Secondary School ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Senior Secondary

The paper reviews research tradition of accessibility level and spatial distribution of student in public secondary school in gombe local government area, Gombe state. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaire and a hand-held GPS receiver to capture the coordinate points of schools and other relevant data. Secondary data include administrative map, population figures of both students and Teachers, Names and addresses of the secondary schools in the study area. The data were analyzed using geographic information techniques. From the data survey carried out, the result of the analysis showed the accessibility level and spatial distribution of school in Gombe were seventeen (17) public senior secondary and total number of students were nineteen thousand and eleven (19,011). The nearest neighbor analysis (NNA) for the spatial pattern of school were carried out based on each ward in study area which as ten (10) wards in each ward revealed two major spatial distributions. The spatial pattern of the Gombe LGA has Nearest Neighbour Ratio (NNR): 3.385087, Bolari East ward with NNR: 3.385087 and Shamaki wards NNR: 1.600148, which showed dispersed pattern, while Jekada Fari ward with NNR: 0.214890, Pantami ward with NNR: 0.226863, and Herwo Gana wards with NNR: 0.185239, were showed clustered pattern. The nearest neighbor index shows clustered pattern for all the wards in the local government area except Bolari East and Shamaki wards that has dispersed pattern of distribution. The implication of these two patterns means that accessibility is poor in the study area. Students travel than normal to overcome the function of distance.

Abstract 229: What is the Real Incidence of Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Norway

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild B Tjelmeland ◽  
Morten Larsen ◽  
Eirik Skogvoll ◽  
Jo Kramer-Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Population Incidence ◽  
Ambulance Dispatch ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Purpose of the study: The Norwegian Cardiac Arrest Registry (NorCAR) is a mandatory national registry of resuscitation attempts that monitors the population incidence, care and outcome for cardiac arrest. Previously, substantial differences in the number of included patients per 100 000 inhabitants were observed in some “atypical” health trusts (HT). It was not known if this is a problem with data collection or reflected genuine population differences. The purpose of this study was to identify all patients that fill NorCAR’s inclusion criteria among these HTs, by imposing consistent methods for data collection. Materials and methods: The registry implemented consistent, standardised and rigorous data collection methods including targeted audits in four “atypical” health trusts, two with a high and two with a low reported population incidence. Registrations from January to March 2019 was compared with similar results from 2018. Results: In 2018, the observed nationwide annual incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was 64 per 100 000 inhabitants, varying from 40 to 102. At the four study sites the observed population incidence was stable among HT with high incidence (88 and 110) but apparently increased in the two HTs with previous low incidence after implementation of standardised collection method (from 48 to 56, and 46 to 54). Conclusions: The previously “atypical” low incidence probably reflected a problem with data collection. To achieve full coverage of the population, all data collectors need to collect data using the same method with a concise and thorough investigation of ambulance-, air ambulance-, dispatch-, and hospital records. Data collectors need to have a close relationship with ambulance and dispatch, and constant reminders and feedback on reported results are important. Implementing a new method for data collection takes time, and results need to be evaluated over time.

Remarks on the spatial distribution of a reproducing population

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. C. Kingman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Poisson Process ◽  
Limiting Distribution ◽  
Statistical Equilibrium ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Simple Models

Several authors have noted that simple models for the evolution of a reproducing and spatially distributed population have no limiting distribution, although a Poisson process in statistical equilibrium has sometimes been implicitly assumed. It is shown that, even when a mechanism for restricting population density is postulated, a Poisson process is usually impossible to achieve, essentially because of an assumption of independent displacements. When this assumption is abandoned, a Poisson process is possible, at least for some highly idealised models.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Mosaic Distribution, Incidence, Increase, and Spatial Pattern in Louisiana

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2051-2056
Author(s):  
J. L. Rice ◽  
J. W. Hoy ◽  
M. P. Grisham
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Mosaic Distribution ◽  
Production Areas

Sugarcane mosaic is a historically important disease in Louisiana currently caused by sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV). Successful breeding for resistance reduced the disease to low incidence in commercial cultivars. However, mosaic was detected in experimental clone evaluations at multiple locations, leading to uncertainty concerning the current distribution and incidence in the state. Field surveys were conducted from 2016 to 2018 in breeding program yield trials and experimental clone seed cane increase fields. Mosaic symptomatic plants were observed in a newly released cultivar, HoCP 09-804, in three of five production areas, with incidences ranging from 0 to 10%. Mosaic also was observed in nine additional experimental clones. Single leaf samples were tested for SrMV using reverse transcription PCR. All symptomatic samples and a low percentage (0.3%) of asymptomatic samples tested positive for SrMV, confirming that it continues to be the causal species. Runs analysis detected aggregation of infected plants within at least 70% of rows in 94% of surveyed fields. The spatial pattern and geographical distribution of disease incidence suggested that infected seed cane was the source of the disease. Surveys conducted in the same fields of HoCP 09-804 through two subsequent crops detected disease incidence increases in some fields and decreases in the others in first ratoon, but observed incidence was lower compared with plant cane in all fields in second ratoon. The results indicated that disease increase owing to aphid transmission did not occur under the prevailing conditions.

scholarly journals Population Distribution in the Wake of a Sphere

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taraprasad Bhowmick ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Michele Iovieno ◽  
Gholamhossein Bagheri ◽  
Eberhard Bodenschatz
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wake Flow ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Scalar Fluxes

The physics of heat and mass transfer from an object in its wake has significant importance in natural phenomena as well as across many engineering applications. Here, we report numerical results on the population density of the spatial distribution of fluid velocity, pressure, scalar concentration, and scalar fluxes of a wake flow past a sphere in the steady wake regime (Reynolds number 25 to 285). Our findings show that the spatial population distributions of the fluid and the transported scalar quantities in the wake follow a Cauchy-Lorentz or Lorentzian trend, indicating a variation in its sample number density inversely proportional to the squared of its magnitude. We observe this universal form of population distribution both in the symmetric wake regime and in the more complex three dimensional wake structure of the steady oblique regime with Reynolds number larger than 225. The population density distribution identifies the increase in dimensionless kinetic energy and scalar fluxes with the increase in Reynolds number, whereas the dimensionless scalar population density shows negligible variation with the Reynolds number. Descriptive statistics in the form of population density distribution of the spatial distribution of the fluid velocity and the transported scalar quantities is important for understanding the transport and local reaction processes in specific regions of the wake, which can be used e.g., for understanding the microphysics of cloud droplets and aerosol interactions, or in the technical flows where droplets interact physically or chemically with the environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document