scholarly journals A Quantitative Evaluation of the Multiple Narratives of the Recent Sahelian Regreening*

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Stith ◽  
Alessandra Giannini ◽  
John del Corral ◽  
Susana Adamo ◽  
Alex de Sherbinin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Second Category ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A spatial analysis is presented that aims to synthesize the evidence for climate and social dimensions of the “regreening” of the Sahel. Using an independently constructed archival database of donor-funded interventions in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Senegal in response to the persistence of drought in the 1970s and 1980s, the spatial distribution of these interventions is examined in relation to population density and to trends in precipitation and in greenness. Three categories of environmental change are classified: 1) regions at the northern grassland/shrubland edge of the Sahel where NDVI varies interannually with precipitation, 2) densely populated cropland regions of the Sahel where significant trends in precipitation and NDVI decouple at interannual time scales, and 3) regions at the southern savanna edge of the Sahel where NDVI variation is independent of precipitation. Examination of the spatial distribution of environmental change, number of development projects, and population density brings to the fore the second category, covering the cropland areas where population density and regreening are higher than average. While few, regions in this category coincide with emerging hotspots of regreening in northern Burkina Faso and southern central Niger known from case study literature. In examining the impact of efforts to rejuvenate the Sahelian environment and livelihoods in the aftermath of the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s against the backdrop of a varying and uncertain climate, the transition from desertification to regreening discourses is framed in the context of adaptation to climate change.

scholarly journals Influence Factors of Spatial Distribution of Urban Innovation Activities Based on Ensemble Learning: A Case Study in Hangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwu Wang ◽  
Nina Liu ◽  
Yichen Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Impact Mechanism ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Space ◽  
Ensemble Algorithms ◽  
The Impact

Innovation is an inevitable way for cities to achieve sustainable development. The occurrence of innovation activities is a complex systemic behavior. Its spatial distribution has some location selection laws, which are the result of interaction and feedback between various spatial influence factors. We explain the impact mechanism from the microscale using a street unit in a city. Hangzhou was selected as a case study. First, we systematically selected factors influencing the spatial distribution of innovation activities as the independent variable based on the demands of innovation subjects. Patents were used as the dependent variable to represent the spatial distribution of innovation activities. Second, ensemble algorithms (Boosting) were used to analyze the influence contribution of independent variables to dependent variables. Then, based on the aspects of innovation driving force, which are innovation resources and innovation environments, relevant factors were divided into the following seven categories: innovation industry concentration, knowledge intensity, innovative talent resources, service facilities, external transportation convenience, public transportation convenience, and ecological environment. We interpreted the impact mechanism and made corresponding suggestions for urban innovation space planning.

Too poor to live? A case study of vulnerability and maternal mortality in Burkina Faso

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerini T. Storeng ◽  
Seydou Drabo ◽  
Véronique Filippi
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the concept of vulnerability in the context of maternal morbidity and mortality in Burkina Faso, an impoverished country in West Africa. Drawing on a longitudinal cohort study into the consequences of life-threatening or ‘near miss’ obstetric complications, we provide an in-depth case study of one woman’s experience of such morbidity and its aftermath. We follow Kalizeta’s trajectory from her near miss and the stillbirth of her child to her death from pregnancy-related hypertension after a subsequent delivery less than two years later, in order to examine the impact of severe and persistent illness and catastrophic health expenditure on her health and on her family’s everyday life. Kalizeta’s case illustrates how vulnerability in health emerges and is maintained or exacerbated over time. Even where social arrangements are supportive, structural impediments, including unaffordable and inadequate healthcare, can severely limit individual resilience to mitigate the negative social and economic consequences of ill health.

scholarly journals Population distribution characteristics and its relationship with natural factors in karst mountainous areas of Northwest Guangxi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana Shi ◽  
Bingkang Xie ◽  
Baoqing Hu ◽  
Chuanyong Tang ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Population Spatial Distribution

The smallest administrative unit of the sixth national census-township (town) is selected as the basic unit, the population spatial distribution characteristics at the township (town) level in karst mountainous areas of northwest Guangxi are analyzed by using Lorenz curve and spatial correlation analysis method, and the influence intensity of natural factors on regional population spatial distribution is detected by using geographic detector method. The results show that: 1. the spatial distribution of population at the township (town) level has the characteristics of imbalance, showing generally significant positive correlation and certain aggregation; 2. there are significant differences in the impact of the spatial distribution of various natural factors on the population distribution. For the towns without karst distribution in the northwest and central south of the study area, the population density increases with the increase of factors conducive to human residence, but the average population density is only 79 people / km2. In the towns with karst distribution in the East and south, the spatial distribution of population density and natural factors is not a simple increase or decrease relationship, but fluctuates with the change of karst distribution area. 3. The factor detection results of the geographic detector show that the altitude has the greatest impact on the spatial distribution of population. The interactive detection results show that the impact intensity of any two natural factors after superposition and interaction presents nonlinear enhancement and two factor enhancement. It can be seen that the karst mountain area in northwest Guangxi is similar to other areas. Altitude is one of the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of population, but the river network density and unique geological landform of karst mountain area have a strong catalytic effect on the spatial distribution of population. The superposition and interaction with other factors can further strengthen the impact on population distribution.

scholarly journals Spatially Explicit Mapping of Historical Population Density with Random Forest Regression: A Case Study of Gansu Province, China, in 1820 and 2000

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahao Wang ◽  
Weidong Lu ◽  
Jingyun Zheng ◽  
Shicheng Li ◽  
Xuezhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Random Forest Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Population Weighting

This study established a random forest regression model (RFRM) using terrain factors, climatic and river factors, distances to the capitals of provinces, prefectures (Fu, in Chinese Pinyin), and counties as independent variables to predict the population density. Then, using the RFRM, we explicitly reconstructed the spatial distribution of the population density of Gansu Province, China, in 1820 and 2000, at a resolution of 10 by 10 km. By comparing the explicit reconstruction with census data at the township level from 2000, we found that the RFRM-based approach mostly reproduced the spatial variability in the population density, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.82, a positive reduction of error (RE, 0.72) and a coefficient of efficiency (CE) of 0.65. The RFRM-based reconstructions show that the population of Gansu Province in 1820 was mostly distributed in the Lanzhou, Gongchang, Pingliang, Qinzhou, Qingyang, and Ningxia prefecture. The macro-spatial pattern of the population density in 2000 kept approximately similar with that in 1820. However, fine differences could be found. The 79.92% of the population growth of Gansu Province from 1820 to 2000 occurred in areas lower than 2500 m. As a result, the population weighting in the areas above 2500 m was ~9% in 1820 while it was greater than 14% in 2000. Moreover, in comparison to 1820, the population density intensified in Lanzhou, Xining, Yinchuan, Baiyin, Linxia, and Tianshui, while it weakened in Gongchang, Qingyang, Ganzhou, and Suzhou.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of a New Motorway Connection on the Spatial Distribution and Intensity of Traffic Flows: a Case Study of the D47 Motorway, Czech Republic/ Hodnocení vlivu nového dálničního spojení na prostorovou distribuci a intenzitu přepravních proudů: příklad dálnice D47

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Chmelík ◽  
Miroslav Marada
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spatial Redistribution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Assessing changes in the spatial distribution and intensity of traffic flow patterns, considered one of the main direct influences of the construction of transport infrastructure, is discussed in this paper. The central element of the research is a case study assessing such changes in connection with the opening of the D47 motorway in its Lipník nad Bečvou-Ostrava section. The aim of the study is a comparison of traffic conditions before and after the opening of the motorway. The real data on the traffic load of the motorway sections are compared with the official and our own forecast, which is based on applying a basic form of the gravity model for the given area. The results of the analysis confirmed intuitive assumptions about changes in the spatial redistribution of traffic flows.

scholarly journals Research priority setting by a stepped agro-ecological approach: case study for the Sahel of Burkina Faso

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
L. Thiombiano ◽  
W. Andriesse
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Research Prioritization ◽  
The Impact

A model is proposed for the identification of research issues. It includes a set of criteria to weigh the relevance of identified research projects, using an agro-ecological approach by a multidisciplinary team. In this approach, emphasis is placed on the assessment of the impact of the expected results of research projects with regard to productivity and to ecological, economical, and social sustainability. The model comprises seven steps: (1) determination of the main function(s) of a selected agro-ecological zone; (2) determination of the user-needs and indigenous knowledge; (3) determination of the constraints and potentials of the agro-ecological zone; (4) review of existing scientific knowledge and technologies; (5) identification of relevant research issues and their division over strategic and applied research; (6) prioritization and selection of themes and projects; and (7) evaluation of personnel, material and funds. A case study is presented of the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Illustration of the model with this degraded area where sustainability is an actual and important issue allows a discussion on the advantages and limitations of this agro-ecological approach for research prioritization.

The 2020 emissions reduction impact of urban water conservation in California

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Haley ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Gallo ◽  
Abigail Kehr ◽  
Michael Perry ◽  
David Siao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
End Use ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Impact

This paper assesses the potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction impacts of urban water conservation. Using California as a case study, it estimates this co-benefit of California's statewide urban water conservation goal of 20% per capita reduction by 2020 (relative to a year 2000 baseline). We developed a model of a water supply system to assess the impact of reduced urban water demand on emissions. Embedded energy and emissions were established for each stage of the water supply cycle: supply and conveyance, treatment, distribution, end use and wastewater treatment. We conclude that water conservation, in addition to being an important strategy for adaptation to climate change, represents a significant opportunity for mitigation. Under policies that prioritize savings of water that is heated, the most energy-intensive process in the supply cycle, water conservation offers the potential to conserve 3.5 Mt CO2e in 2020. This result suggests that water conservation could be an important mitigation strategy in other states, even those that are not water-constrained and do not have highly energy intensive supply sources.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the Spatial Distribution of Land Management Practices on Water Erosion: Case Study of a Mediterranean Catchment

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Jose Gumiere ◽  
Jean-Stephane Bailly ◽  
Bruno Cheviron ◽  
Damien Raclot ◽  
Yves Le Bissonnais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Multiple Global Population Datasets: Differences and Spatial Distribution Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Ruxia Chen ◽  
Huimin Yan ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Wenpeng Du ◽  
Yanzhao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Spatial data of regional populations are indispensable in studying the impact of human activities on resource utilization and the ecological environment. Because the differences between datasets and their spatial distribution are still unclear, this has become a puzzle in data selection and application. This study is based on four mainstream spatialized population datasets: the History Database of the Global Environment version 3.2.000 (HYDE), Gridded Population of the World version 4 (GPWv4), Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL), and WorldPop. In view of possible influences of geographical factors, this study analyzes the differences in accuracy of population estimation by computing relative errors and population spatial distribution consistency in different regions by comparing datasets pixel by pixel. The results demonstrate the following: (1) Source data, spatialization methods, and case area features affect the precision of datasets. As the main data source is statistical data and the spatialization method maintains the population in the administrative region, the populations of GPWv4 and GHSL are closest to the statistical data value. (2) The application of remote sensing, mobile communication, and other geospatial data makes the datasets more accurate in the United Kingdom, with rich information, and the absolute value of relative errors is less than 4%. In the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, where data are hard to obtain, the four datasets have larger relative errors. However, the area where the four datasets are completely consistent is as high as 84.73% in Tibet, while in the UK it is only 66.76%. (3) The areas where the spatial patterns of the four datasets are completely consistent are mainly distributed in areas with low population density, or with developed urbanization and concentrated population distribution. Areas where the datasets have poor consistency are mainly distributed in medium population density areas with high urbanization levels. Therefore, in such areas, a more careful assessment should be made during the data application process, and more emphasis should be placed on improving data accuracy when using spatialization methods.

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