scholarly journals Small Airways Disease is a Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josalyn L Cho ◽  
Raul Villacreses ◽  
Prashant Nagpal ◽  
Junfeng Guo ◽  
Alejandro A Pezzulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Function

Background The sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pulmonary structure and function remain incompletely characterized. Methods Adults with confirmed COVID-19 who remained symptomatic more than thirty days following diagnosis were enrolled and classified as ambulatory, hospitalized or requiring the intensive care unit (ICU) based on the highest level of care received during acute infection. Symptoms, pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography (CT) findings were compared across groups and to healthy controls. CT images were quantitatively analyzed using supervised machine-learning to measure regional ground glass opacities (GGO) and image-matching to measure regional air trapping. Comparisons were performed using univariate analyses and multivariate linear regression. Results Of the 100 patients enrolled, 67 were in the ambulatory group. All groups commonly reported cough and dyspnea. Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive physiology in the hospitalized and ICU groups but was normal in the ambulatory group. Among hospitalized and ICU patients, the mean percent of total lung classified as GGO was 13.2% and 28.7%, respectively, and was higher than in ambulatory patients (3.7%, P<0.001). The mean percentage of total lung affected by air trapping was 25.4%, 34.5% and 27.2% in the ambulatory, hospitalized and ICU groups and 7.3% in healthy controls (P<0.001). Air trapping measured by quantitative CT correlated with the residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC; ρ =0.6, P<0.001). Conclusions Air trapping is present in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and is independent of initial infection severity, suggesting obstruction at the level of the small airways. The long-term consequences are not known.

Airway reactivity and lung function in triiodothyronine-induced thyrotoxicosis

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1485-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Irwin ◽  
M. R. Pratter ◽  
D. H. Stivers ◽  
L. E. Braverman
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
The Mean

To evaluate the possible relationship between asthma and hyperthyroidism, airway reactivity and lung function were prospectively compared in healthy volunteers before, during, and after liothyronine (triiodothyronine, T3)-induced hyperthyroidism. Base-line evaluation of the 10 subjects included clinical evaluation, thyroid and pulmonary function tests, and airway reactivity assessed by methacholine inhalational challenge (MIC). All studies were normal. During T3-induced hyperthyroidism, no subject developed respiratory symptoms or changes in pulmonary function or airway reactivity. The mean percent change in forced expiratory volume at 1 s from base line (delta FEV1) of -2.4 +/- 3.0 after MIC was not significantly different from that obtained before T3 administration (-1.4 +/- 1.5, P greater than 0.2). When all serum T3 concentrations and delta FEV1 values before, during and after T3-induced hyperthyroidism were compared, there was no significant correlation. We conclude that T3-induced hyperthyroidism of 3-wk duration has no effect on airway reactivity or lung function in normal volunteers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in pyrochlore mine workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritta de Cássia Canedo Oliveira Borges ◽  
José Cerqueira Barros Júnior ◽  
Fabrício Borges Oliveira ◽  
Marisa Andrade Brunherotti ◽  
Paulo Roberto Veiga Quemelo
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mine Workers

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify respiratory symptoms and evaluate lung function in mine workers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving production sector workers of a pyrochlore mining company. The subjects completed the British Medical Research Council questionnaire, which is designed to evaluate respiratory symptoms, occupational exposure factors, and smoking status. In addition, they underwent pulmonary function tests with a portable spirometer. Results: The study involved 147 workers (all male). The mean age was 41.37 ± 8.71 years, and the mean duration of occupational exposure was 12.26 ± 7.09 years. We found that 33 (22.44%) of the workers had respiratory symptoms and that 26 (17.69%) showed abnormalities in the spirometry results. However, we found that the spirometry results did not correlate significantly with the presence of respiratory symptoms or with the duration of occupational exposure. Conclusions: The frequencies of respiratory symptoms and spirometric changes were low when compared with those reported in other studies involving occupational exposure to dust. No significant associations were observed between respiratory symptoms and spirometry results.

scholarly journals Observational study of omeprazole for gastroesophageal reflux on pulmonary function in adult asthmatics

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Nattapong Jaimchariyatam ◽  
Phurin Haprasert ◽  
Sutep Gonchanvit ◽  
Somkiat Wongtim
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
Act Scores ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Act Score

Abstract Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is known to be associated with worsening asthma. We hypothesized that treatment of GERD in asthmatics will improve asthma control and quality of life. We reviewed our experience of treatment of GERD in asthmatics in Thailand. Objectives To study the effects of omeprazole for treatment of GERD in patients with poorly controlled asthma on pulmonary function tests and asthma control test (ACT) scores. Methods This study was conducted at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between August 2009 and December 2010. Patients with partly controlled and uncontrolled asthma who were found to have GERD by 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring were administered omeprazole 40 mg per day for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function tests and ACT scores before and after treatment were compared at 4-weeks and 8-weeks follow up. Results Twenty four patients were included in this study. None of them had asthmatic attacks during the study. After 4 and 8 weeks of omeprazole treatment, the mean FEV1 (2.20 ± 0.64 L, 2.36 ± 0.58 L, respectively) and the mean ACT score (20.82 ± 3.30, 23.00 ± 1.69, respectively) were significantly higher than the pretreatment values (mean FEV1 1.99 ± 0.56 L and ACT score 16.36 ± 3.97) (P < 0.05). Conclusion High-dose omeprazole may improve pulmonary function and the level of asthma control in Thai patients with partly controlled or uncontrolled asthma and coexisting GERD.

scholarly journals A comparison of minimal cross sectional areas, nasal volumes and peak nasal inspiratory flow between patients with obstructive sleep apnea and healthy controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-347
Author(s):  
M.H.S. Moxness ◽  
V. Bugten ◽  
W.M. Thorstensen ◽  
S. Nordgard ◽  
G. Bruskeland
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Inspiratory Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cavity Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Function ◽  
Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow

Background: The differences in nasal geometry and function between OSA patients and healthy individuals are not known. Our aim was to evaluate the differences in nasal geometry and function using acoustic rhinometry (AR) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) between an OSA population and healthy controls. Methodology: The study was designed as a prospective case-control study. Ninety-three OSA patients and 92 controls were enrolled from 2010 to 2015. The minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) and the nasal cavity volume (NCV) in two parts of the nose (MCA0-3/NCV0-3 and MCA3-5.2/NCV3-5.2) and PNIF were measured at baseline and after decongestion. Results: The mean MCA0-3 in the OSA group was 0.49 cm2; compared to 0.55 cm2 in controls. The mean NCV0-3 correspondingly was 2.51 cm3 compared to 2.73 cm3 in controls. PNIF measured 105 litres/minute in the OSA group and 117 litres/minute in the controls. Conclusions: OSA patients have a lower minimum cross-sectional area, nasal cavity volume and peak inspiratory flow compared to controls. Our study supports the view that changes in the nasal cavity may contribute to development of OSA.

scholarly journals RE: Association of Abnormal Pulmonary Vasculature on CT Scan for COVID-19 Infection with Decreased Diffusion Capacity in Follow Up: a retrospective cohort study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Salerno ◽  
Ifeoma Oriaku ◽  
Melinda Darnell ◽  
Maarten Lanclus ◽  
Jan De Backer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tissue Segmentation ◽  
Function Tests

Abstract Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory viral illness causing pneumonia and systemic disease. Abnormalities in pulmonary function after COVID-19 infection have been described. The determinants of these abnormalities are unclear. We hypothesized that inflammatory biomarkers and CT scan parameters at the time of infection would be associated with abnormal gas exchange at short term follow-up.Methods: We studied subjects who were hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia and then discharged. Serum inflammatory biomarkers, CT scan, and clinical characteristics were assessed during the hospitalization. CT images were evaluated by Functional Respiratory Imaging with automated tissue segmentation algorithms of the lungs and pulmonary vasculature. Volumes of the pulmonary vessels that were ≤5mm (BV5), 5-10mm (BV5_10), and ≥10mm (BV10) in cross sectional area were analyzed. Additionally, the amount of opacification on CT (i.e. ground glass opacities) was quantified in each patient. Pulmonary function tests were performed 2-3 months after discharge. We divided subjects into those with a DLCO <80% predicted (Low DLCO) and those with a DLCO ≥80% predicted (Normal DLCO) based on these pulmonary function tests. Results: 38 subjects were included in our analysis. 31 out of 38 (81.6%) subjects had a DLCO<80% predicted. Hemoglobin, inflammatory biomarkers, spirometry and lung volumes were similar between groups. CT opacification and BV5 were not different between groups, but both Low and Normal DLCO groups had lower BV5 measures compared to healthy controls. BV5_10 and BV10 measures were higher in the Low DLCO group compared to the Normal DLCO group. Both BV5_10 and BV10 in the Low DLCO group were greater compared to healthy controls. BV5_10 was independently associated with DLCO<80% in multivariable logistic regression (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.01, 1.64). BV10 negatively correlated with DLCO% predicted (r=-0.343, p=0.035). Conclusions: Low DLCO is common after COVID-19 infection, and abnormalities in pulmonary vascular volumes at the time of hospitalization are independently associated with a low DLCO. There was no relationship between inflammatory biomarkers during hospitalization and DLCO. These findings suggest that pulmonary vascular abnormalities during hospitalization with COVID-19 might have long-lasting effects on pulmonary function.

scholarly journals Long-Term Pulmonary Function in Survivors of Childhood Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 1592-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saro H. Armenian ◽  
Wendy Landier ◽  
Liton Francisco ◽  
Claudia Herrera ◽  
George Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This study was undertaken to determine the magnitude of pulmonary dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors when compared with healthy controls and the extent (and predictors) of decline over time. Patients and Methods Survivors underwent baseline (t1) pulmonary function tests, followed by a second comprehensive evaluation (t2) after a median of 5 years (range, 1.0 to 10.3 years). Survivors were also compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls at t2. Results Median age at cancer diagnosis was 16.5 years (range, 0.2 to 21.9 years), and time from diagnosis to t2 was 17.1 years (range, 6.3 to 40.1 years). Compared with odds for healthy controls, the odds of restrictive defects were increased 6.5-fold (odds ratio [OR], 6.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 28.4; P < .01), and the odds of diffusion abnormalities were increased 5.2-fold (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.8 to 15.5; P < .01). Among survivors, age younger than 16 years at diagnosis (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.8; P = .02) and exposure to more than 20 Gy chest radiation (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.5 to 21.0; P = .02, referent, no chest radiation) were associated with restrictive defects. Female sex (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.7 to 9.5; P < .01) and chest radiation dose (referent: no chest radiation; ≤ 20 Gy: OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 24.4; P < .01; > 20 Gy: OR, 11.3; 95% CI, 2.6 to 49.5; P < .01) were associated with diffusion abnormalities. Among survivors with normal pulmonary function tests at t1, females and survivors treated with more than 20 Gy chest radiation demonstrated decline in diffusion function over time. Conclusion Childhood cancer survivors exposed to pulmonary-toxic therapy are significantly more likely to have restrictive and diffusion defects when compared with healthy controls. Diffusion capacity declines with time after exposure to pulmonary-toxic therapy, particularly among females and survivors treated with high-dose chest radiation. These individuals could benefit from subsequent monitoring.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Function of Young Muslim Males During the Month of Ramadan

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Singha Roy ◽  
Amit Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function

During the month of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF), both dietary and sleep patterns are adversely affected to cope with the rituals of Ramadan. Literature suggests that sleep deprivation and alteration of dietary pattern and nutritional impairment affect the pulmonary structure and function. Pulmonary function during RIF was not explored earlier. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of RIF on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in healthy young Muslim males. Fifty sedentary nonsmoking healthy young Muslim male individuals of 20 to 25 years of age without any history of pulmonary or other major diseases were recruited by simple random sampling from different parts of Kolkata, India. Participants completed the American Thoracic Society questionnaire to record their personal demographic data, health status, and consent to participate in the study. Expirograph and peak flow meter were used to record the pulmonary function parameters (PFTs). PFTs were within the normal range and did not show any significant variation during the RIF. Body height and body mass depicted significant correlation ( p < .05, p < .001) with PFTs. Tidal volume, vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow rate had significant correlation ( p < .05, p < .01, p < .001) with age. Simple and multiple regression equations were computed to predict PFTs in the studies population. RIF did not affect the normal range of PFTs in young Muslim males of Kolkata, India. Standard errors of estimate of the computed regression equations were substantially small enough to recommend these equations as norms to predict the PFTs in the studied population.

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