Mouse brain-wide mitochondrial connectivity anchored in gene, brain and behavior

AbstractThe brain and behavior are under energetic constraints, which are likely driven by mitochondrial energy production capacity. However, the mitochondria-behavior relationship has not been systematically studied on a brain-wide scale. Here we examine the association between mitochondrial health index and stress-related behaviors in mice with diverse mitochondrial and behavioral phenotypes. Miniaturized assays of mitochondrial respiratory chain function and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content were deployed on 571 samples from 17 brain regions. We find specific patterns of mito-behavior associations that vary across brain regions and behaviors. Furthermore, multi-slice network analysis applied to our brain-wide mitochondrial dataset identified three large-scale networks of brain regions. A major network composed of cortico-striatal regions exhibits highest mitochondria-behavior correlations, suggesting that this mito-based network is functionally significant. Mito-based networks can also be recapitulated using correlated gene expression and structural connectome data, thereby providing convergent multimodal evidence of mitochondrial functional organization anchored in gene, brain and behavior.

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The role of anatomical connection strength for interareal communication in macaque cortex

10.1101/2020.12.15.422902 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Julien Vezoli ◽

Martin Vinck ◽

Conrado A. Bosman ◽

Andre M. Bastos ◽

Christopher M Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Connection Strength ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Large Scale Networks ◽

Invasive Techniques ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anatomical Connection

What is the relationship between anatomical connection strength and rhythmic synchronization? Simultaneous recordings of 15 cortical areas in two macaque monkeys show that interareal networks are functionally organized in spatially distinct modules with specific synchronization frequencies, i.e. frequency-specific functional connectomes. We relate the functional interactions between 91 area pairs to their anatomical connection strength defined in a separate cohort of twenty six subjects. This reveals that anatomical connection strength predicts rhythmic synchronization and vice-versa, in a manner that is specific for frequency bands and for the feedforward versus feedback direction, even if interareal distances are taken into account. These results further our understanding of structure-function relationships in large-scale networks covering different modality-specific brain regions and provide strong constraints on mechanistic models of brain function. Because this approach can be adapted to non-invasive techniques, it promises to open new perspectives on the functional organization of the human brain.

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Brain networks for emotion and cognition: Implications and tools for understanding mental disorders and pathophysiology

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001140 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Luiz Pessoa

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Large Scale ◽

Brain Networks ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

Large Scale Networks ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Brain

AbstractUnderstanding how structure maps to function in the brain in terms of large-scale networks is critical to elucidating the brain basis of mental phenomena and mental disorders. Given that this mapping is many-to-many, I argue that researchers need to shift to a multivariate brain and behavior characterization to fully unravel the contributions of brain processes to typical and atypical function.

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Large-Scale Functional Brain Networks of Maladaptive Childhood Aggression Identified by Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling

10.21203/rs.3.rs-356217/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karim Ibrahim ◽

Stephanie Noble ◽

George He ◽

Cheryl Lacadie ◽

Michael Crowley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Emotion Processing ◽

Childhood Aggression ◽

Child Aggression ◽

Targeted Treatments ◽

Machine Learning Approach ◽

Out Of Sample ◽

Functional Brain Networks ◽

Large Scale Networks

Abstract Disruptions in frontoparietal networks supporting emotion regulation have been long implicated in maladaptive childhood aggression. However, the association of connectivity between large-scale functional networks in the human connectome with aggressive behavior has not been tested. By using a data-driven, machine learning approach, we show that the functional organization of the connectome during emotion processing predicts severity of aggression in children (n=129). Connectivity predictive of aggression was identified within and between large-scale networks implicated in cognitive control (frontoparietal), social functioning (default mode), and emotion processing (subcortical). Out-of-sample replication and generalization of findings predicting aggression from the functional connectome was conducted in an independent sample of children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n=1,791; n=1,701). These results define novel connectivity-based networks of child aggression that can serve as biomarkers to inform targeted treatments for aggression.

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AMPed-up adolescents: the role of age in the abuse of amphetamines and its consequences on cognition and prefrontal cortex development

10.31219/osf.io/t58qe ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Ruth Westbrook ◽

Lauren Carrica ◽

Asia Banks ◽

Joshua Michael Gulley

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Vulnerability Factors ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

And Behavior ◽

Detrimental Impact

Adolescent use of amphetamine and its closely related, methylated version methamphetamine, is alarmingly high in those who use drugs for nonmedical purposes. This raises serious concerns about the potential for this drug use to have a long-lasting, detrimental impact on the normal development of the brain and behavior that is ongoing during adolescence. In this review, we explore recent findings from both human and laboratory animal studies that investigate the consequences of amphetamine and methamphetamine exposure during this stage of life. We highlight studies that assess sex differences in adolescence, as well as those that are designed specifically to address the potential unique effects of adolescent exposure by including groups at other life stages (typically young adulthood). We consider epidemiological studies on age and sex as vulnerability factors for developing problems with the use of amphetamines, as well as human and animal laboratory studies that tap into age differences in use, its short-term effects on behavior, and the long-lasting consequences of this exposure on cognition. We also focus on studies of drug effects in the prefrontal cortex, which is known to be critically important for cognition and is among the later maturing brain regions. Finally, we discuss important issues that should be addressed in future studies so that the field can further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adolescent use of amphetamines and its outcomes on the developing brain and behavior.

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Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Mechanisms for Potential Sex Differences Observed in Autism Spectrum Disorders

10.1093/med/9780199744312.003.0018 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

C. Sue Carter ◽

Suma Jacob

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Arginine Vasopressin ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Unique Role ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

And Behavior

The effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on the brain and behavior can be sexually dimorphic, especially during the course of development (Bales, Kim, et al., 2004; Bales, Pfeifer, et al., 2004; Bales, Plotsky, et al., 2007; Bielsky et al., 2005a; Carter, 2003; Thompson et al., 2006; Yamamoto et al., 2005; Yamamoto et al., 2004). Given the sexual discrepancy observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), these two neuropeptides, oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), have received attention for their potential role in ASDs (Green and Hollander, 2010; Insel et al., 1999; Leckman & Herman, 2002; Welch et al., 2005; Winslow, 2005; Young et al., 2002). Changes in either OT or AVP and their receptors could be capable of influencing symptom domains or behaviors associated with ASDs. Arginine vasopressin is androgen dependent in some brain regions (De Vries & Panzica, 2006), and males are more sensitive to AVP, especially during development. We hypothesize here that AVP, which has a unique role in males, must be present in optimal levels to be protective against ASDs. Either excess AVP or disruptions in the AVP system could play a role in development of the traits found in ASDs. In contrast, OT may possibly be secreted in response to adversity, especially in females, serving as a protective factor.

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Dynamic connectivity analyses of intracranial EEG during recognition memory reveal various large-scale functional networks

10.1101/2020.10.30.360529 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jakub Kopal ◽

Jaroslav Hlinka ◽

Elodie Despouy ◽

Luc Valton ◽

Marie Denuelle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recognition Memory ◽

Large Scale ◽

Visual Recognition ◽

Effective Connectivity ◽

Memory Task ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Intracranial Eeg ◽

Large Scale Networks ◽

The Right

Recognition memory is the ability to recognize previously encountered events, objects, or people. It is characterized by its robustness and rapidness. Even this relatively simple ability requires the coordinated activity of a surprisingly large number of brain regions. These spatially distributed, but functionally linked regions are interconnected into large-scale networks. Understanding memory requires an examination of the involvement of these networks and the interactions between different regions while memory processes unfold. However, little is known about the dynamical organization of large-scale networks during the early phases of recognition memory. We recorded intracranial EEG, which affords high temporal and spatial resolution, while epileptic subjects performed a visual recognition memory task. We analyzed dynamic functional and effective connectivity as well as network properties. Various networks were identified, each with its specific characteristics regarding information flow (feedforward or feedback), dynamics, topology, and stability. The first network mainly involved the right visual ventral stream and bilateral frontal regions. It was characterized by early predominant feedforward activity, modular topology, and high stability. It was followed by the involvement of a second network, mainly in the left hemisphere, but notably also involving the right hippocampus, characterized by later feedback activity, integrated topology, and lower stability. The transition between networks was associated with a change in network topology. Overall, these results confirm that several large-scale brain networks, each with specific properties and temporal manifestation, are involved during recognition memory. Ultimately, understanding how the brain dynamically faces rapid changes in cognitive demand is vital to our comprehension of the neural basis of cognition.

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Characteristics of disrupted topological organization in white matter functional connectome in schizophrenia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720003141 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Yuchao Jiang ◽

Dezhong Yao ◽

Jingyu Zhou ◽

Yue Tan ◽

Huan Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Large Scale ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Clustering Coefficient ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Topological Organization ◽

Large Scale Networks ◽

Nodal Level

Abstract Background Neuroimaging characteristics have demonstrated disrupted functional organization in schizophrenia (SZ), involving large-scale networks within grey matter (GM). However, previous studies have ignored the role of white matter (WM) in supporting brain function. Methods Using resting-state functional MRI and graph theoretical approaches, we investigated global topological disruptions of large-scale WM and GM networks in 93 SZ patients and 122 controls. Six global properties [clustering coefficient (Cp), shortest path length (Lp), local efficiency (Eloc), small-worldness (σ), hierarchy (β) and synchronization (S) and three nodal metrics [nodal degree (Knodal), nodal efficiency (Enodal) and nodal betweenness (Bnodal)] were utilized to quantify the topological organization in both WM and GM networks. Results At the network level, both WM and GM networks exhibited reductions in Eloc, Cp and S in SZ. The SZ group showed reduced σ and β only for the WM network. Furthermore, the Cp, Eloc and S of the WM network were negatively correlated with negative symptoms in SZ. At the nodal level, the SZ showed nodal disturbances in the corpus callosum, optic radiation, posterior corona radiata and tempo-occipital WM tracts. For GM, the SZ manifested increased nodal centralities in frontoparietal regions and decreased nodal centralities in temporal regions. Conclusions These findings provide the first evidence for abnormal global topological properties in SZ from the perspective of a substantial whole brain, including GM and WM. Nodal centralities enhance GM areas, along with a reduction in adjacent WM, suggest that WM functional alterations may be compensated for adjacent GM impairments in SZ.

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Cultural Neuroscience

The Handbook of Culture and Psychology ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190679743.003.0021 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 695-723

Author(s):

Joan Y. Chiao ◽

Katherine D. Blizinsky

Keyword(s):

Functional Organization ◽

Global Mental Health ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

Human Mind ◽

Research Field ◽

Cultural Variation ◽

Cultural Neuroscience ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

The Mind ◽

And Behavior

Cultural neuroscience is a research field that investigates the mutual influences of cultural and biological sciences on human behavior. Research in cultural neuroscience demonstrates cultural influences on the neurobiological mechanisms of processes of the mind and behavior. Culture tunes the structure and functional organization of the mind and the nervous system, including processes of emotion, cognition, and social behavior. Environmental and developmental approaches play an important role in the emergence and maintenance of culture. Culture serves as an evolutionary adaptation, protecting organisms from environmental conditions across geography. Cultural variation in the human mind, brain, and behavior serves to build and reinforce culture throughout the life course. This chapter examines the theoretical, methodological, and empirical foundations of cultural neuroscience and its implications for research in population health disparities and global mental health.

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INFORMATION PROCESSING IN BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR DISPLAYED IN LARGE-SCALE SCALP TOPOGRAPHIES SUCH AS EEG AND MEG

International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos ◽

10.1142/s0218127404009375 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (02) ◽

pp. 679-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

VIKTOR K. JIRSA

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Experimental Evidence ◽

Large Scale ◽

Mathematical Foundation ◽

Meaningful Information ◽

Behavioral Dynamics ◽

Brain Signals ◽

Excitable Systems ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

And Behavior

We discuss a notion of information processing in brain and behavioral dynamics, in particular the processing of meaningful information, which is testable by means of an experimental coordination and transition paradigm. Two hypotheses on the existence and persistence of mappings between the dynamics of behavioral and brain signals are formulated. A mathematical foundation for the first hypothesis is suggested by means of Volterra integral expansions and by means of excitable systems. Brain signals are captured as cortical currents, as well as the resulting scalp topographies, such as electroencephalograms (EEG) and magnetoencephalograms (MEG). Experimental evidence is provided to support the hypothesis on the existence of such spatiotemporal mappings between behavioral and brain signals.

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Intrinsic Architecture Underlying the Relations among the Default, Dorsal Attention, and Frontoparietal Control Networks of the Human Brain

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_00281 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 74-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 361

Author(s):

R. Nathan Spreng ◽

Jorge Sepulcre ◽

Gary R. Turner ◽

W. Dale Stevens ◽

Daniel L. Schacter

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Control Network ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Attention Networks ◽

Large Scale Networks ◽

Frontoparietal Control Network

Human cognition is increasingly characterized as an emergent property of interactions among distributed, functionally specialized brain networks. We recently demonstrated that the antagonistic “default” and “dorsal attention” networks—subserving internally and externally directed cognition, respectively—are modulated by a third “frontoparietal control” network that flexibly couples with either network depending on task domain. However, little is known about the intrinsic functional architecture underlying this relationship. We used graph theory to analyze network properties of intrinsic functional connectivity within and between these three large-scale networks. Task-based activation from three independent studies were used to identify reliable brain regions (“nodes”) of each network. We then examined pairwise connections (“edges”) between nodes, as defined by resting-state functional connectivity MRI. Importantly, we used a novel bootstrap resampling procedure to determine the reliability of graph edges. Furthermore, we examined both full and partial correlations. As predicted, there was a higher degree of integration within each network than between networks. Critically, whereas the default and dorsal attention networks shared little positive connectivity with one another, the frontoparietal control network showed a high degree of between-network interconnectivity with each of these networks. Furthermore, we identified nodes within the frontoparietal control network of three different types—default-aligned, dorsal attention-aligned, and dual-aligned—that we propose play dissociable roles in mediating internetwork communication. The results provide evidence consistent with the idea that the frontoparietal control network plays a pivotal gate-keeping role in goal-directed cognition, mediating the dynamic balance between default and dorsal attention networks.

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