scholarly journals Implementation of COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Primary and Secondary Schools Following Reopening of Schools in Autumn 2020; A Cross-Sectional Study of Parents' and Teachers' Experiences in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahin Amin-Chowdhury ◽  
Marta Bertran ◽  
Meaghan Kall ◽  
Georgina Ireland ◽  
Felicity Aiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Returning To School

Objective The main objective was to assess implementation of and ease of implementation of control measures in schools as reported by staff and parents. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Staff and parents/guardian participants in the 132 primary schools and 20 secondary schools participating in sKIDs and sKIDsPLUS surveillances. Main outcome measure Prevalence of control measures implemented in Autumn 2020, parental and staff perception of ease of implementation and acceptability of conducting school surveillance studies. Results In total, 56/152 (37%) schools participating in Public Health England's sKIDs study of COVID in schools accepted the invitation to participate in the survey. By 28 December 2020, 1,953 parent and 986 staff respondents had completed the online questionnaire. While more than half the parents were positive about their children returning to school, roughly a third reported being a little anxious. 90% and 82% of primary and secondary school parents were either completely or partly reassured by the preventive measures implemented in their schools. Among staff, 80% of primary staff and 87% of secondary school staff felt that they were at higher risk of COVID-19 because of their profession; only 52% of primary school staff and 38% of secondary school staff reportedly felt safe. According to the teaching staff, most preventive measures were well-implemented apart from requiring 2-metre distancing between staff. For students, maintaining the 2-metre distance was reported to be particularly difficult. By extension, secondary schools also struggled to maintain small groups at all times or ensuring that the same staff were assigned to each student group (a problem also commonly reported by parents). Conclusions Variable implementation of infection control measures was reported by staff and parents. Whilst the majority were not worried about returning to school, some parents and staff, were concerned about returning to school and the risks posed to children, staff and household members.

scholarly journals Hepatitis e prevalence, knowledge, and practice of preventive measures among secondary school adolescents in rural Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chioma Ngozichukwu Pauline Mbachu ◽  
Joy Chinelo Ebenebe ◽  
Henry Chima Okpara ◽  
John Onuora Chukwuka ◽  
Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Rural Nigeria ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Abstract Background Currently, there is a paucity of data on the knowledge and practice of preventive measures for Hepatitis E infection in Nigerian populations. This study provided data on the prevalence, knowledge and practices of prevention in an adolescent population from Nigeria. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 months among rural Nigerian secondary school adolescents. An interviewer-based questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic profile, knowledge, and practice of preventive measures for Hepatitis E infection. Blood samples collected from participants were analysed for Hepatitis E IgG using Elisa Kits (Sigma Diagnostics, USA). Data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. Tests of association were done with a level of significance set at 5%. Results A total of 9 out of the 414 participants tested positive for Hepatitis E IgG antibodies giving a prevalence of 2.2%. Significant factors for Hepatitis E infection were male gender {P = 0.004} and school {P < 0.001, however logistic regression gave infinite value. Most participants (98.6%) had poor knowledge of Hepatitis E infection, 239(57.7%) had good preventive practices, while 175(42.3%) had average preventive practices. Conclusion A low prevalence of HEV infection was recorded among study participants. There was poor knowledge of Hepatitis E, and association could not be established between HEV infection and individual preventive practices.

scholarly journals Motives for sickness presence among students at secondary school: a cross-sectional study in five European countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e019337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vegard Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sickness Presence ◽  
Low Educated

ObjectivesThis article investigates various motives for sickness presence (SP) among students in secondary school.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting25 secondary schools in Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy and Latvia.Participants5002 students between 16 and 19 years of age, 49% female.ResultsAlmost half of the students reported two or more incidents of SP. The study indicated that the practice of SP was mainly extrinsically motivated. The most often reported motives for SP were that absence could affect grades negatively, that important curriculum material was explained at the school and attendance requirements. Some students practising SP expressed intrinsic motivation, such as maintaining their social network and interest in what was learnt at school.ConclusionThe study investigated various motives for SP in secondary schools in five European countries. Extrinsic motivation for SP was more often reported than intrinsic motivation for SP. Multivariate analyses indicated that boys, students in vocational education, immigrants and students with low-educated parents more often reported intrinsic motivation for SP, while girls and students with high absence more often reported extrinsic motivation. There were also notable cross-country differences regarding reported motives for SP.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of child labour among junior public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nympha Onyinye Enebe ◽  
Joseph Tochukwu Enebe ◽  
Chuka Chike Agunwa ◽  
Edmund Ndudi Ossai ◽  
Uchechukwu Enuma Ezeoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Secondary School

Abstract Background: Millions of children have been identified globally to be involved in child labour with low-income countries being mostly hit. This study was aimed at assessing child labour and its predictors among public secondary school students in Enugu metropolis. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 332 junior secondary school students attending public secondary schools in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analyses were done using SPSS version 23 and STATA Software. The level of statistical significance was set at 5% p-value.Results: The prevalence of overall child labour among the respondents was high (71.7%) likewise its different categories: domestic (52.1%) and economic (34.0%) child labour. About 35.2% of the respondents worked under hazardous conditions while 8% were forced to work. Approximately 65% (236) of the respondents who have heard about child labour perceived it as wrong. They mainly worked to render financial assistance to their parents. Class of study (AOR=2.208 (95% CI: 1.199-4.066) and weekly income earned (AOR=0.316 (95% CI: 0.176-0.567) predicted child labour among the respondents. Conclusion: The prevalence of child labour among public secondary schools in Enugu was high and the predictors were the class of the respondents and the weekly income they made. This may imply that child labour in Enugu was driven by poverty as respondents who earned higher were more involved in child labour thereby calling for concerted economic and social reforms to reduce this menace.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of child labour among junior public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tochukwu Enebe ◽  
Nympha Onyinye Enebe ◽  
Joseph Tochukwu Enebe ◽  
Chuka Chike Agunwa ◽  
Edmund Ndudi Ossai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Secondary School

Abstract Background Millions of children have been identified globally to be involved in child labour with low-income countries being mostly hit. This study was aimed at assessing child labour and its predictors among public secondary school students in Enugu metropolis. Methods The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 332 junior secondary school students attending public secondary schools in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analyses were done using SPSS version 23 and STATA Software. The level of statistical significance was set at 5% p-value. Results The prevalence of overall child labour among the respondents was high (71.7%) likewise its different categories: domestic (52.1%) and economic (34.0%) child labour. About 35.2% of the respondents worked under hazardous conditions while 8% were forced to work. Approximately 65% (236) of the respondents who had heard about child labour perceived it as wrong. They mainly worked to render financial assistance to their parents. Class of study (AOR = 2.208 (95% CI: 1.199–4.066) and weekly income earned (AOR = 0.316 (95% CI: 0.176–0.567) predicted child labour among the respondents. Conclusion The prevalence of child labour among public secondary schools in Enugu was high and the predictors were the class of the respondents and the weekly income they made. This may imply that child labour in Enugu was driven by poverty as respondents who earned higher were more involved in child labour thereby calling for concerted economic and social reforms to reduce this menace.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of child labour among junior public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Enebe ◽  
J. T. Enebe ◽  
C. C. Agunwa ◽  
E. N. Ossai ◽  
U. E. Ezeoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Secondary School

Abstract Background Globally, millions of children are involved in child labour. However, low- and middle-income countries are mostly hit. This study examined the predictors of child labour among public secondary school students in the Enugu metropolis. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 332 junior secondary students attending public schools in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the six secondary schools and the students that participated in the study. Data collection was done from September to October 2018. Pretested structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire contained information on the sociodemographic variables, the kind of work done by the respondents and the number of working hours spent weekly. UNICEF’s standard indicator for child labour was used to estimate the prevalence of child labour. Logistic regression was used to identify socioeconomic predictors of child labour. Results The prevalence of overall child labour was 71.7%, while for domestic and economic child labour prevalence were 52.1 and 34.0%, respectively. About 35.2% of the respondents worked under hazardous conditions while 8% were forced to work. Two-thirds (236, 65%) of the respondents who have heard about child labour perceived it as wrong. The child labourers mainly worked to render financial assistance to their parents. The predictors of child labour were class of study (AOR = 2.208 (95% CI: 1.199–4.066) and weekly income earned (AOR = 0.316 (95% CI: 0.176–0.567). Conclusion The prevalence of child labour among junior students in public secondary schools in Enugu is high, and is predicted by the level of schooling and income earned. Economic and social reforms could contribute to addressing the predictors of child labour.

Awareness of the preventive measures against Covid -19 spread among small shop owners

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1144-1150
Author(s):  
Muralidharan V A ◽  
Gheena S
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Small Shop ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Covid -19 is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered strain of coronavirus. As there is no vaccine discovered, the only way to prevent the spread is through following the practice of social isolation. But prolonged isolation may also lead to psychological stress and problems. The objective of the survey was to assess the knowledge and awareness of preventive measures against Covid 19 amongst small shop owners. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted amongst the small shop owners.  A structured questionnaire comprising 15-17 questions had been put forth to assess the Covid 19 related knowledge and perception. The shopkeepers were contacted telephonically and responses recorded. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics. Although the majority of the population had a positive perception about the preventive measures against the Covid spread, 36% of the shopkeepers were not aware of the preventive measures against the Covid spread. This study found optimal knowledge and perception of the preventive measures against Covid spread among the shopkeepers but misinformation and misunderstanding still prevailing. The shopkeepers are crucial in the prevention of the spread of Covid 19 and educating them might aid us in the fight against Covid- 19. 

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