scholarly journals Motives for sickness presence among students at secondary school: a cross-sectional study in five European countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e019337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vegard Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sickness Presence ◽  
Low Educated

ObjectivesThis article investigates various motives for sickness presence (SP) among students in secondary school.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting25 secondary schools in Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy and Latvia.Participants5002 students between 16 and 19 years of age, 49% female.ResultsAlmost half of the students reported two or more incidents of SP. The study indicated that the practice of SP was mainly extrinsically motivated. The most often reported motives for SP were that absence could affect grades negatively, that important curriculum material was explained at the school and attendance requirements. Some students practising SP expressed intrinsic motivation, such as maintaining their social network and interest in what was learnt at school.ConclusionThe study investigated various motives for SP in secondary schools in five European countries. Extrinsic motivation for SP was more often reported than intrinsic motivation for SP. Multivariate analyses indicated that boys, students in vocational education, immigrants and students with low-educated parents more often reported intrinsic motivation for SP, while girls and students with high absence more often reported extrinsic motivation. There were also notable cross-country differences regarding reported motives for SP.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Or Extrinsic Motivation In Perceiving Body Weight Among Iranian Women: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Yazarloo ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhash ◽  
Behjat Shokrvash ◽  
Mehrangiz Ebahimi-Mamghani ◽  
Maral Hariri-Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Obesity and overweight are among the major global health problems. The aim of this study was to identify female BMI predictors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 women aged 15-49 years in Ramian city of Golestan province. The ethical code: IR.TBZMED.REC1396.688. The sample population was selected through simple random sampling among healthy women who were covered by health centers, with their consent. Data collection using several valid questionnaires and scales including demographic questionnaire, family property, motivation measurement, physical activity levels and flexibility was performed using the new version of the valid International Adult Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), visual analogue scale (VAS) and Body Mass Index (VAS). Descriptive and analytical statistical methods including percentage, Mean (M) Standard Deviation (SD), Chi-Square, and t-test were used. Predictors of women's BMI levels (normal, overweight, obese and very obese) were used as dependent variables. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 21 at a significance level of p<0.05.Results: Out of the total number of women participating in the study, 64.68% were in the age group of 25-39 years, 69.58% were housewives, 46.31% had low economic status and 5.73% had high economic status. The obesity ratio in women 40 years and older was 43.5%. BMI showed a significant difference with women's Body Image (BI) (P <0.01), which in turn defined the levels of women's physical activity (P< 0.01). That is, 7.23% of women with obesity image of their body engaged in moderate, and 1.7% engaged in intense physical activity.The Odd Ratio(OR) of women being in the upper BMI ranks: age[OR=1.32, 95%CI(0.99-1.05)]; occupation(unemployed) [OR=0.59,95%CI(0.35-1.00)]; SES(low) [OR=0.90, 95%CI = (0.16-4.92)]; with increasing score of attitude towards eating too much was [OR=1.32, 95% CI(0.99-1.05)]; attitude towards eating less or eliminating unhealthy or high fat foods such as sweets was [OR=0.69, 95 % CI(0.38-1.26)]; and processed foods such as sausages was [OR= 0.91, 95% CI(0.61-1.36)]; attitude (Intrinsic motivation) to exercise or to walk for at least 30 minutes daily was [OR= 1.13,95% CI(0.72-1.77)]; perceiving the importance of the spouse's opinion (external motivation) about her body shape was [OR=0.88, 95% CI (0.68-1.13)];and about body weight as well as body weight control was [OR = 0.86,95% CI (0.64-1.18)]; Weight control was achieved through control food intake [OR=1.34, 95% CI (0.95-1.99)]; and through light and sedentary levels of physical activity [OR=0.97, 95% CI (0.55-1.68)].Conclusion: The intrinsic motivation of women; that is , their attitude towards eating a lot was the predictor of high levels of BMI; while extrinsic motivation of women related to weight, body shape, eating less, avoiding unhealthy foods, and physical activity were among the predictors of low levels of BMI.Identifying the motivations for women with high BMI levels is not only vital for weight control, but also is one of the essential prerequisites for public health care system.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of child labour among junior public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nympha Onyinye Enebe ◽  
Joseph Tochukwu Enebe ◽  
Chuka Chike Agunwa ◽  
Edmund Ndudi Ossai ◽  
Uchechukwu Enuma Ezeoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Secondary School

Abstract Background: Millions of children have been identified globally to be involved in child labour with low-income countries being mostly hit. This study was aimed at assessing child labour and its predictors among public secondary school students in Enugu metropolis. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 332 junior secondary school students attending public secondary schools in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analyses were done using SPSS version 23 and STATA Software. The level of statistical significance was set at 5% p-value.Results: The prevalence of overall child labour among the respondents was high (71.7%) likewise its different categories: domestic (52.1%) and economic (34.0%) child labour. About 35.2% of the respondents worked under hazardous conditions while 8% were forced to work. Approximately 65% (236) of the respondents who have heard about child labour perceived it as wrong. They mainly worked to render financial assistance to their parents. Class of study (AOR=2.208 (95% CI: 1.199-4.066) and weekly income earned (AOR=0.316 (95% CI: 0.176-0.567) predicted child labour among the respondents. Conclusion: The prevalence of child labour among public secondary schools in Enugu was high and the predictors were the class of the respondents and the weekly income they made. This may imply that child labour in Enugu was driven by poverty as respondents who earned higher were more involved in child labour thereby calling for concerted economic and social reforms to reduce this menace.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of child labour among junior public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tochukwu Enebe ◽  
Nympha Onyinye Enebe ◽  
Joseph Tochukwu Enebe ◽  
Chuka Chike Agunwa ◽  
Edmund Ndudi Ossai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Secondary School

Abstract Background Millions of children have been identified globally to be involved in child labour with low-income countries being mostly hit. This study was aimed at assessing child labour and its predictors among public secondary school students in Enugu metropolis. Methods The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 332 junior secondary school students attending public secondary schools in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analyses were done using SPSS version 23 and STATA Software. The level of statistical significance was set at 5% p-value. Results The prevalence of overall child labour among the respondents was high (71.7%) likewise its different categories: domestic (52.1%) and economic (34.0%) child labour. About 35.2% of the respondents worked under hazardous conditions while 8% were forced to work. Approximately 65% (236) of the respondents who had heard about child labour perceived it as wrong. They mainly worked to render financial assistance to their parents. Class of study (AOR = 2.208 (95% CI: 1.199–4.066) and weekly income earned (AOR = 0.316 (95% CI: 0.176–0.567) predicted child labour among the respondents. Conclusion The prevalence of child labour among public secondary schools in Enugu was high and the predictors were the class of the respondents and the weekly income they made. This may imply that child labour in Enugu was driven by poverty as respondents who earned higher were more involved in child labour thereby calling for concerted economic and social reforms to reduce this menace.

scholarly journals Implementation of COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Primary and Secondary Schools Following Reopening of Schools in Autumn 2020; A Cross-Sectional Study of Parents' and Teachers' Experiences in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahin Amin-Chowdhury ◽  
Marta Bertran ◽  
Meaghan Kall ◽  
Georgina Ireland ◽  
Felicity Aiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Returning To School

Objective The main objective was to assess implementation of and ease of implementation of control measures in schools as reported by staff and parents. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Staff and parents/guardian participants in the 132 primary schools and 20 secondary schools participating in sKIDs and sKIDsPLUS surveillances. Main outcome measure Prevalence of control measures implemented in Autumn 2020, parental and staff perception of ease of implementation and acceptability of conducting school surveillance studies. Results In total, 56/152 (37%) schools participating in Public Health England's sKIDs study of COVID in schools accepted the invitation to participate in the survey. By 28 December 2020, 1,953 parent and 986 staff respondents had completed the online questionnaire. While more than half the parents were positive about their children returning to school, roughly a third reported being a little anxious. 90% and 82% of primary and secondary school parents were either completely or partly reassured by the preventive measures implemented in their schools. Among staff, 80% of primary staff and 87% of secondary school staff felt that they were at higher risk of COVID-19 because of their profession; only 52% of primary school staff and 38% of secondary school staff reportedly felt safe. According to the teaching staff, most preventive measures were well-implemented apart from requiring 2-metre distancing between staff. For students, maintaining the 2-metre distance was reported to be particularly difficult. By extension, secondary schools also struggled to maintain small groups at all times or ensuring that the same staff were assigned to each student group (a problem also commonly reported by parents). Conclusions Variable implementation of infection control measures was reported by staff and parents. Whilst the majority were not worried about returning to school, some parents and staff, were concerned about returning to school and the risks posed to children, staff and household members.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of child labour among junior public secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Enebe ◽  
J. T. Enebe ◽  
C. C. Agunwa ◽  
E. N. Ossai ◽  
U. E. Ezeoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Secondary School

Abstract Background Globally, millions of children are involved in child labour. However, low- and middle-income countries are mostly hit. This study examined the predictors of child labour among public secondary school students in the Enugu metropolis. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 332 junior secondary students attending public schools in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the six secondary schools and the students that participated in the study. Data collection was done from September to October 2018. Pretested structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire contained information on the sociodemographic variables, the kind of work done by the respondents and the number of working hours spent weekly. UNICEF’s standard indicator for child labour was used to estimate the prevalence of child labour. Logistic regression was used to identify socioeconomic predictors of child labour. Results The prevalence of overall child labour was 71.7%, while for domestic and economic child labour prevalence were 52.1 and 34.0%, respectively. About 35.2% of the respondents worked under hazardous conditions while 8% were forced to work. Two-thirds (236, 65%) of the respondents who have heard about child labour perceived it as wrong. The child labourers mainly worked to render financial assistance to their parents. The predictors of child labour were class of study (AOR = 2.208 (95% CI: 1.199–4.066) and weekly income earned (AOR = 0.316 (95% CI: 0.176–0.567). Conclusion The prevalence of child labour among junior students in public secondary schools in Enugu is high, and is predicted by the level of schooling and income earned. Economic and social reforms could contribute to addressing the predictors of child labour.

scholarly journals Factors associated with physical, psychological and social frailty among community-dwelling older persons in Europe: a cross-sectional study of Urban Health Centres Europe (UHCE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Ye ◽  
Liset E. M. Elstgeest ◽  
Xuxi Zhang ◽  
Tamara Alhambra-Borrás ◽  
Siok Swan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background Frailty is an age-related condition resulting in a state of increased vulnerability regarding functioning across multiple systems. It is a multidimensional concept referring to physical, psychological and social domains. The purpose of this study is to identify factors (demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and health indicators) associated with overall frailty and physical, psychological and social frailty in community-dwelling older people from five European countries. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data from 2289 participants of the Urban Health Center European project in five European countries. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations of the factors with overall frailty and the three frailty domains. Results The mean age was 79.7 (SD = 5.7). Participants who were older, were female, had secondary or equivalent education, lived alone, not at risk of alcohol use, were less physically active, had multi-morbidity, were malnourished or with a higher level of medication risk, had higher odds of overall frailty (all P < 0.05). Age was not associated with psychological and social frailty; sex was not associated with social frailty; smoking and migration background was not associated with overall frailty or any of its domains. There existed an interaction effect between sex and household composition regarding social frailty (P < 0.0003). Conclusions The present study contributed new insights into the risk factors for frailty and its three domains (physical, psychological and social frailty). Nurses, physicians, public health professionals and policymakers should be aware of the risk factors of each type of frailty. Furthermore, examine these risk factors more comprehensively and consider overall frailty as well as its three domains in order to further contribute to decision-making more precisely on the prevention and management of frailty. Trial registration The intervention of the UHCE project was registered in the ISRCTN registry as ISRCTN52788952. The date of registration is 13/03/2017.

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