Neutralization against B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 with sera of COVID-19 recovered cases and vaccinees of BBV152

Recently, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have been detected across the globe.The recent emergence of B.1.617 lineage has created serious public health problem in India. The high transmissibility was observed with this lineage which has led to daily increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Apparently, the sub-lineage B.1.617.2 has slowly dominated the other variants including B1617.1, B.617.3 and B.1.1.7. With this, World Health Organization has described B.1.617.2 as variant of concern. Besides this, variant of concern B.1.351 has been also reported from India, known to showreducedefficacyfor many approved vaccines. With the increasing threat of the SARS-CoV-2 variants, it is imperative to assess the efficacy of the currently available vaccines against these variants. Here, we have evaluated the neutralization potential of sera collected from COVID-19 recovered cases (n=20) and vaccinees with two doses of BBV152 (n=17) against B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 compared to the prototype B.1 (D614G) variant.The finding of the study demonstrated a reduction in neutralization titers with sera of COVID-19 recovered cases(3.3-fold and 4.6-fold) and BBV152 vaccinees (3. 0 and 2.7 fold) against B.1.351 and B.1.617.2 respectively. Although, there is reduction in neutralization titer, the whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152) demonstrates protective response against VOC B.1351 and B.1.617.2.

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Morocco succeeds to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem: World Health Organization

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.4103/1735-1995.205243 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

SaurabhRamBihariLal Shrivastava ◽

PrateekSaurabh Shrivastava ◽

Jegadeesh Ramasamy

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Health Organization

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Insights from mathematical modelling and quantitative analysis on the proposed WHO 2030 targets for visceral leishmaniasis on the Indian subcontinent

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13073.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1651

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Health Problem ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

District Level ◽

World Health ◽

Kala Azar ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by Leishmania protozoa that are transmitted by female sand flies. On the Indian subcontinent (ISC), VL is targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for elimination as a public health problem by 2020, which is defined as <1 VL case (new and relapse) per 10,000 population at district level in Nepal and sub-district level in Bangladesh and India. WHO is currently in the process of formulating 2030 targets, asking whether to maintain the 2020 target or to modify it, while adding a target of zero mortality among detected cases. The NTD Modelling Consortium has developed various mathematical VL transmission models to gain insight into the transmission dynamics of VL, identify the main knowledge gaps, and predict the feasibility of achieving and sustaining the targets by simulating the impact of varying intervention strategies. According to the models, the current target is feasible at the appropriate district/sub-district level in settings with medium VL endemicities (up to 5 reported VL cases per 10,000 population per year) prior to the start of the interventions. However, in settings with higher pre-control endemicities, additional efforts may be required. We also highlight the risk that those with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) may pose to reaching and sustaining the VL targets, and therefore advocate adding control of PKDL cases to the new 2030 targets. Spatial analyses revealed that local hotspots with high VL incidence remain. We warn that the current target provides a perverse incentive to not detect/report cases as the target is approached, posing a risk for truly achieving elimination as a public health problem although this is taken into consideration by the WHO procedures for validation. Ongoing modelling work focuses on the risk of recrudescence when interventions are relaxed after the elimination target has been achieved.

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Food behaviors and youth obesity in Pakistan - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v35i2.11885

Acta Scientiarum Health Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascihealthsci.v35i2.11885 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anjum Hashmi ◽

Jamil Ahmed Soomro ◽

Khalid Saleem

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Health Problem ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Important Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization

The epidemic of obesity took off from about 1980 and in almost all countries has been rising inexorably ever since. Only in 1997 did world health organization accept that this was a major public health problem. It is also becoming an important public health problem among Pakistani children due to changes in life style and other factors. The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and its concomitant health risks justify widespread efforts toward prevention. A Cross-sectional study was conducted to elaborate the various types of foods and change in eating behavior leading to abnormal weight gain among the youth. A total of 504 male and female students of class six to ten were selected through simple random sampling. Anthropometric measurements were done with calibrated instruments using the age and sex specific BMI cut off points according to World Health Organization growth reference. Results showed significant proportion of girls (86%) and boys (85%) had abnormal waist to hip ratio. The determinants of the obesity lie within the rapid changes in food intake behavior and lifestyle patterns which had a clear and significant impact on the prevalence of obesity in youth of Pakistan.

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Lipid Metabolism as a Targetable Metabolic Vulnerability in Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13020301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 301

Author(s):

Yekaterina Zaytseva

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths according to the World Health Organization, remains a substantial public health problem worldwide [...]

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Insights from mathematical modelling and quantitative analysis on the proposed 2030 goals for trachoma

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13086.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1721

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Health Problem ◽

Statistical Models ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Neglected Tropical Disease ◽

Monitoring Tools ◽

Health Organization ◽

Trachomatous Trichiasis

Trachoma is a neglected tropical disease and the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. The current World Health Organization goal for trachoma is elimination as a public health problem, defined as reaching a prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular below 5% in children (1-9 years) and a prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis in adults below 0.2%. Current targets to achieve elimination were set to 2020 but are being extended to 2030. Mathematical and statistical models suggest that 2030 is a realistic timeline for elimination as a public health problem in most trachoma endemic areas. Although the goal can be achieved, it is important to develop appropriate monitoring tools for surveillance after having achieved the elimination target to check for the possibility of resurgence. For this purpose, a standardized serological approach or the use of multiple diagnostics in complement would likely be required.

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Suicide, A Public Health Problem in Brazil

10.5772/intechopen.99071 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo ◽

Camila Alves Bahia

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Health Problem ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

World Health ◽

History Of ◽

Health Organization

This text focuses on the situation of suicide in Brazil, defines and quantifies information, and presents a description of the main risk factors, as well as a reflection on the phenomenon and the possibilities for prevention. Fatal suicide is a serious public health problem. In 2012, 172 member states of the World Health Organization registered 804,000 self-inflicted deaths, representing an annual rate of 11.4/100,000, of which 15/100,000 men and 8.0/100,000 women. Consummate suicide rates are unevenly distributed globally, within countries, according to sex and according to age groups. The mortality rate is highest in Asia (17.7/100 thousand inhabitants), followed in Europe (12/100 thousand inhabitants). The Americas have a mortality rate of 7.3/100 thousand inhabitants (WHO, 2014). In Brazil, with an unevenly distributions between the regions, gender and ages, the total rate is 4.5/100,000. In the country and everywhere, risk factors are classified as medical, psychiatric and psychological, micro social, social and environmental. The history of the occurrence of suicides shows that it is possible to prevent them and to reduce the incidence rates. This requires investment in local diagnostics and multidisciplinary action. Given the delicacy of the problem and the taboos that surround it, the protection network for people at risk for suicide needs to be constantly in the process of training and taking action. As national and international surveys show, at least two-thirds of the individuals who tried or committed suicide had somehow communicated to friends, family, acquaintances or health professionals their intention to kill themselves.

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Achieving Elimination as a Public Health Problem for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium: When Is Community-Wide Treatment Required?

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz609 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 221 (Supplement_5) ◽

pp. S525-S530 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jaspreet Toor ◽

David Rollinson ◽

Hugo C Turner ◽

Anouk Gouvras ◽

Charles H King ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

School Enrolment ◽

School Based ◽

Good School ◽

Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) has set elimination as a public health problem (EPHP) as a goal for schistosomiasis. As the WHO treatment guidelines for schistosomiasis are currently under revision, we investigate whether school-based or community-wide treatment strategies are required for achieving the EPHP goal. In low- to moderate-transmission settings with good school enrolment, we find that school-based treatment is sufficient for achieving EPHP. However, community-wide treatment is projected to be necessary in certain high-transmission settings as well as settings with low school enrolment. Hence, the optimal treatment strategy depends on setting-specific factors such as the species present, prevalence prior to treatment, and the age profile of infection.

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PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP SIKAP KEPALA KELUARGA TENTANG PENYAKIT FILARIASIS DI RW 02 KAMPUNG DUSUN PUSAKA KECAMATAN PUSAKO KABUPATEN SIAK

HEALTH CARE : JURNAL KESEHATAN ◽

10.36763/healthcare.v7i2.9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Rifa Yanti ◽

Fitra Mayenti

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Goal ◽

Health Organization

Latar Belakang : Filariasis salah satu jenis penyakit yang mendapat perhatian khusus di dunia kesehatan, lebih dari 1(satu) miliar penduduk dunia memiliki risiko menderita filariasis dan lebih dari 120 juta orang dari 80 negara telah terinfeksi filariasis. WHO (World Health Organization) mencanangkan kesepakatan global untuk memberantas penyakit filariasis dengan The Global Goal of Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as Public Health Problem by the Year 2020 (WHO, 2010). Pada tahun 2003, penyakit filariasis di Indonesia dilaporkan sebanyak 6.571 kasus. Pada tahun 2007 dijumpai 11.473 kasus dan pada tahun 2008 terdapat 11.699 kasus kemudian meningkat menjadi 11.914 kasus pada tahun 2009. Hampir ribuan desa di 26 provinsi di Indonesia dinyatakan endemis. (Kemenkes RI, 2010). Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh dukungan keluarga dengan sikap kepala keluarga tentang penyakit filariasis di RW 02 Kampung Dusun Pusaka Kecamatan Pusako Kabupaten Siak. Metode penelitian kuantitatif observational dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan angket dan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dari 116 repsonden, 62.1% dukungan keluarga baik dan 37.9% dukungan keluarga kurang baik, dan sikap kepala keluarga 60,3% positif dan 39,7% sikap responden negatif. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga terhadap sikap kepala keluarga tentang penyakit filariasis (p.Value = 0,00). Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar lebih aktif menggiatkan serta memberikan penyuluhan tentang penyakit filariasis khususnya di RW 02.

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Statistical Analysis of Factors Related to Suicide Records in the World Between 1985 and 2020

JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HEALTH ◽

10.34178/jbth.v4i4.179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

João Pedro Barbosa de Almeida ◽

Matheus Carvalho Nascimento de Souza ◽

Yuri Papaterra Fonseca ◽

Felipe Emmanouil Martires Stamoglou ◽

Márcio Renê Brandão Soussa

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

Male And Female ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Suicide is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health problem that afflicts the whole society and it counts more deaths than many diseases. Therefore, the current objective is to analyze the suicide deaths between 1985 and 2020 and classify them according to the act. Through KNN, this study presents suicide cases grouped by sex (male and female) and associate them to factors by country, pointing out information that allows us to understand what influences the act the most directly or indirectly. The results showed that, unlike other researches, the rate of suicide does not have differences based on sex. However, further studies are needed.

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O Aedes Aegypti e a Dengue: Aspectos Gerais e Panorama da Dengue no Brasil e no Mundo

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽

10.17921/1415-5141.2020v24n1p75-77 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 78-85

Author(s):

Luciana Dias Lemes de Vargas ◽

Darlene Miranda de Freitas ◽

Bruna Rosa dos Santos ◽

Mari Rose de Oliveira Silva ◽

Marcelo Dias de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Health Problem ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Hot And Humid Climates ◽

Health Organization ◽

General Aspects

A dengue, transmitida através da picada do mosquito Aedes Aegypti, é considerada uma doença endêmica e com disseminação mundial, podendo evoluir, de forma branda a grave, e até mesmo letal. Os países, com clima tropical, quente e úmido, como o Brasil, possuem condições favoráveis e facilitadoras para a reprodução do seu vetor e aumento da cadeia de transmissibilidade e contaminação, tornando um sério problema de saúde pública. Diante deste cenário, o propósito deste estudo foi sintetizar as informações disponíveis sobre o Aedes aegypti e a dengue, abrangendo aspectos gerais da doença e o panorama da dengue no Brasil e no Mundo, a fim de compilar material educativo. Os estudos relacionados ao tema foram encontrados mediante busca na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e Embase. Também foram consultados documentos do Ministério da Saúde e Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre o manejo da dengue. A dengue é um grave problema de saúde pública, com diversas condições facilitadoras de transmissão, quatro diferentes sorotipos, que propicia reinfecção, sem tratamento específico e nem vacina disponível. Dessa forma, o meio mais eficaz de evitar sua propagação é pela prevenção. Para isso, as pessoas em todo Mundo devem ter o conhecimento e informações necessárias sobre prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento, a fim de evitar sua transmissão, disseminação e letalidade. Palavras-chave: Dengue. Aedes aegypti. Aspectos Gerais. Saúde Pública. Abstract Dengue, transmitted through the bite of Aedes Aegypti mosquito, is considered an endemic disease with worldwide spread, and can evolve from mild to severe and even lethal. Countries with tropical, hot and humid climates, such as Brazil, have favorable and facilitating conditions for the reproduction of their vector and an increase in the transmissibility and contamination chain, making it a serious public health problem. Given this scenario, the purpose of this study was to synthesize the available information on Aedes aegypti and dengue, covering general aspects of the disease and the dengue panorama in Brazil and in the world in order to compile educational material. The studies related to the theme were found by searching the Virtual Health Library, PubMed and Embase. Documents from the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization on dengue management were also consulted. Dengue is a serious public health problem, with several conditions that facilitate transmission, four different serotypes that provide reinfection, with no specific treatment and no vaccine available. Thus, the most effective way to prevent its spread is through prevention. Thus, people all over the world must have the necessary knowledge and information on prevention, diagnosis and treatment, in order to avoid its transmission, dissemination and lethality. Keywords: Dengue. Aedes aegypti. General Aspects. Public Health.

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