scholarly journals Photosynthesis from stolen chloroplasts increases sea slug reproductive fitness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Felisa Rey ◽  
Charlotte Lekieffre ◽  
Diana Lopes ◽  
Cedric Hubas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Sea Slug ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
Long Chain

Some sea slugs are able to steal functional chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) from their algal food sources, but the role and relevance of photosynthesis to the animal host remain controversial. While some researchers claim that kleptoplasts are slowly digestible snacks, others advocate that they enhance the overall fitness of sea slugs much more profoundly. Our analysis show light-dependent incorporation of 13C and 15N in the albumen gland and gonadal follicles of the sea slug Elysia timida, representing translocation of photosynthates to kleptoplast-free reproductive organs. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with reported roles in reproduction were produced in the sea slug cells using labelled precursors translocated from the kleptoplasts. Finally, we report reduced fecundity of E. timida by suppressing kleptoplast photosynthesis. The present study provides the first thorough experimental evidence that photosynthesis enhances the reproductive fitness of kleptoplast-bearing sea slugs, confirming the biological relevance of this remarkable association between a metazoan and an algal-derived organelle.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis from stolen chloroplasts can support sea slug reproductive fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1959) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Felisa Rey ◽  
Charlotte LeKieffre ◽  
Diana Lopes ◽  
Cédric Hubas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Sea Slug ◽  
Albumen Gland ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
Long Chain

Some sea slugs are able to steal functional chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) from their algal food sources, but the role and relevance of photosynthesis to the animal host remain controversial. While some researchers claim that kleptoplasts are slowly digestible ‘snacks’, others advocate that they enhance the overall fitness of sea slugs much more profoundly. Our analysis shows light-dependent incorporation of 13 C and 15 N in the albumen gland and gonadal follicles of the sea slug Elysia timida , representing translocation of photosynthates to kleptoplast-free reproductive organs. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with reported roles in reproduction were produced in the sea slug cells using labelled precursors translocated from the kleptoplasts. Finally, we report reduced fecundity of E. timida by limiting kleptoplast photosynthesis. The present study indicates that photosynthesis enhances the reproductive fitness of kleptoplast-bearing sea slugs, confirming the biological relevance of this remarkable association between a metazoan and an algal-derived organelle.

scholarly journals Experimental reduction in dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids depresses sperm competitiveness

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 20140623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Clelia Gasparini ◽  
Giovanni M. Turchini ◽  
Jonathan P. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Long Chain

The health benefits of diets containing rich sources of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are well documented and include reductions in the risk of several diseases typical of Western societies. The dietary intake of n-3 LC-PUFA has also been linked to fertility, and there is abundant evidence that a range of ejaculate traits linked to fertility in humans, livestock and other animals depend on an adequate intake of n-3 LC-PUFA from dietary sources. However, relatively few studies have explored how n-3 LC-PUFA influence reproductive fitness, particularly in the context of sexual selection. Here, we show that experimental reduction in the level of n-3 LC-PUFA in the diet of guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) depresses a male's share of paternity when sperm compete for fertilization, confirming that the currently observed trend for reduced n-3 LC-PUFA in western diets has important implications for individual reproductive fitness.

scholarly journals The relationship between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids in school-aged children from the ALSPAC cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
G Buckland ◽  
S de Silva Johnson ◽  
L Johnson ◽  
C Taylor ◽  
LR Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract An adequate intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plays a vital role in human health. Therefore, it is important to assess PUFA intakes in different populations and validate them with biomarkers, but only a few small studies are in paediatric populations. We calculated the dietary intake of PUFAs and their main food sources in children and assessed associations between reported PUFA intakes and plasma proportions. Dietary intakes of 7-year-old children (n=8,242) enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were calculated from parental-completed food frequency questionnaire. Plasma PUFAs were measured in 5,571 children 8 months later and 4,380 children had complete dietary and plasma data. The association between dietary and plasma PUFAs proportions were estimated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients, quintile cross-classification and Cohen’s kappa coefficients. Mean total PUFA intake was 13.2g/day (sd4.2), contributing 6.5% of total energy intake; n-6 PUFA contributed 5.2% and n-3 PUFA 0.7%. The n-6:n-3 ratio was 7.9:1. Mean intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were 35.7mg/day and 49.7mg/day, respectively. Most n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes were weakly correlated with their respective plasma lipids (0.07≤ r ≤0.16, p<0.001). The correlation between dietary and plasma DHA was stronger though (r=0.34, p<0.001), supported by a modest level of agreement between quintiles (k=0.32). The results indicate that the FFQ was able to reasonably rank the long-chain PUFA, DHA, in this paediatric population. Public health initiatives need to address the suboptimal ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFAs and very low n-3 long-chain PUFA intakes in school-aged children in the UK.

scholarly journals PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala Variant, Insulin Resistance and Plasma Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Childhood Obesity

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Scaglioni ◽  
Elvira Verduci ◽  
Michela Salvioni ◽  
Maria Luisa Biondi ◽  
Giovanni Radaelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Edible Far Eastern Ferns as a Dietary Source of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Eduard V. Nekrasov ◽  
Vasily I. Svetashev
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Long Chain

Young fronds of ferns are consumed as a vegetable in many countries. The aim of this study was to analyze three fern species that are available for sale in the Russian Far East as dietary sources in terms of fatty acids that are important for human physiology: arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and other valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The content of ARA and EPA was 5.5 and 0.5 mg/g dry weight, respectively, in Pteridium aquilinum, 4.1 and 1.1 in Matteuccia struthiopteris, and 2.2 and 0.8 in Osmundastrum asiaticum. Salted fronds of P. aquilinum contained less these fatty acids than the raw fronds, with a decrease of up to 49% for ARA and 65% for EPA. These losses were less pronounced or even insignificant in dried fronds. Cooked ferns preserved significant portions of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: cooked P. aquilinum contained 4.4 mg/g dry weight ARA and 0.3 mg/g dry weight EPA. The ferns may provide a supplemental dietary source of these valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially for vegetarian diets.

Enrichment of NaCl-reduced burger with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Effects on physicochemical, technological, nutritional, and sensory characteristics

Meat Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 108497
Author(s):  
Juan D. Rios-Mera ◽  
Erick Saldaña ◽  
Iliani Patinho ◽  
Miriam M. Selani ◽  
Carmen J. Contreras-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Long Chain

Vitamin E Content and Estimated Need in German Infant and Follow-On Formulas With and Without Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC-PUFA) Enrichment

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (41) ◽  
pp. 10153-10161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madlen Stimming ◽  
Christina M. Mesch ◽  
Mathilde Kersting ◽  
Hermann Kalhoff ◽  
Hans Demmelmair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Long Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Haemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2453
Author(s):  
Ana M Pinto ◽  
Helen L MacLaughlin ◽  
Wendy L Hall
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Long Chain

Low heart rate variability (HRV) is independently associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and all cardiac death in haemodialysis patients. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) may exert anti-arrhythmic effects. This study aimed to investigate relationships between dialysis, sleep and 24 h HRV and LC n-3 PUFA status in patients who have recently commenced haemodialysis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in adults aged 40–80 with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 (n = 45, mean age 58, SD 9, 20 females and 25 males, 39% with type 2 diabetes). Pre-dialysis blood samples were taken to measure erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid composition (wt % fatty acids). Mean erythrocyte omega-3 index was not associated with HRV following adjustment for age, BMI and use of β-blocker medication. Higher ratios of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were associated with lower 24 h vagally-mediated beat-to-beat HRV parameters. Higher plasma EPA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) were also associated with lower sleep-time and 24 h beat-to-beat variability. In contrast, higher plasma EPA was significantly related to higher overall and longer phase components of 24 h HRV. Further investigation is required to investigate whether patients commencing haemodialysis may have compromised conversion of EPA to DHA, which may impair vagally-mediated regulation of cardiac autonomic function, increasing risk of SCD.

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