The development and usability testing of two digital knowledge translation tools for parents of children with urinary tract infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a common source of acute illness for infants and children. Approximately 7-8% of girls and 2% of boys will experience a UTI before they are 8 years old. UTIs may be difficult to identify and treat as symptoms in children are different from expected adult symptoms. A previously conducted systematic review identified four common information needs expressed by parents. More specifically, the research identified that parents had difficulty recognizing signs and symptoms of UTIs, felt disappointed by health care provider's responses, needed timely and relevant information, and feared the unknown due to lack of UTI knowledge. This demonstrates that more effective knowledge translation tools are needed to satisfy parent information needs. The purpose of this research was to work with parents to develop and test the usability of an interactive infographic and video about UTIs in children. Prototypes were evaluated by parents through usability testing in two Alberta emergency department waiting rooms. Results were positive and overall, the tools were highly rated across all usability items, suggesting that arts-based digital tools are useful mediums for sharing health information with parents.

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Clinical, Epidemiological and Bacteriological Profile of Culture Positive Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Children – A Cross Sectional Study

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 522-526

Author(s):

Bhavani Shankar Rokkam ◽

Chowdary Babu Menni ◽

Ramu Pedada ◽

Deepak Kumar Alikana

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bacteriological Profile ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Culture Positive

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTI) constitute a common cause of morbidity in infants and children. When associated with abnormalities of urinary tract, they may lead to long-term complications including renal scarring, loss of function and hypertension. Most urinary tract infections remain undiagnosed if investigations are not routinely performed to detect them. Prompt detection and treatment of urinary tract infections and any complicating factors are important. The objective of the study is to know the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile (i.e. clinical signs and symptoms, age, sex, family history, associated urinary tract abnormalities, & causative organisms) of urinary tract infections in febrile children with culture positive urinary tract infection. METHODS This descriptive, cross sectional observational study was conducted at outpatient clinics of our “child health clinics” between May 2016 and April 2017 (one year). All children aged 0 to 12 years with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological profile. RESULTS A total of 69 children with culture positive urinary tract infections were included in this study. Out of 69 children included in this study, 36 (52.2 %) were females and 33 (47.8 %) were males. Overall female preponderance was seen and the M: F ratio was 0.9:1. But during first year of life in our study group we had more boys (10, 14.49 %) affected with urinary tract infection than girls. 49.3 % of urinary tract infections in the present study belonged to lower socio-economic status. Most common organism causing urinary tract infection in our group was E. coli (56.5 %). Fever (100 %), anorexia or refusal of feeds (52.2 %), dysuria (46.4 %), vomiting (46.4 %) and abdominal pain (39.1 %) were the predominant clinical manifestations observed in our study. CONCLUSIONS Urinary tract infection is a common medical problem in children and it should be considered as a potential cause of fever in children. As febrile children with urinary tract infection usually present with non-specific signs and symptoms, urine culture should be considered as a part of diagnostic evaluation. KEYWORDS Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Febrile Children, Bacteriological Profile, Urine Culture

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Multiple-Dose Oral Fosfomycin for Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in the Outpatient Setting

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Catherine G Derington ◽

Nancy Benavides ◽

Thomas Delate ◽

Douglas N Fish

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Multiple Dose ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

Future Research ◽

Clinical Resolution ◽

Outpatient Prescription ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Few published studies exist to describe the off-label use of multiple-dose fosfomycin for outpatient treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (UTI). The purpose of this study was to characterize the patients, infections, drug susceptibilities, and outcomes of multiple-dose fosfomycin episodes for outpatient UTI treatment. Methods This retrospective study evaluated patients who received an outpatient prescription for multiple-dose fosfomycin between July 1999 and June 2018. Multiple-dose fosfomycin prescriptions dispensed for UTI prophylaxis were excluded. The primary outcome was clinical resolution (complete resolution of signs and symptoms) of infection within 30 days. Secondary outcomes included descriptions of antibiotics and cultures before and after treatment, 30-day bacteriologic resolution (posttreatment urine culture <103 colony-forming units of the original pathogen), and 90-day healthcare utilizations for UTI or pyelonephritis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of 171 multiple-dose fosfomycin treatment episodes, the most common regimen was 1 dose every 3 days, mean duration of 6.1 days. Clinical resolution occurred in 115 of 171 (67.3%) episodes, and bacteriologic resolution occurred in 37 of 76 (48.7%) episodes with posttreatment cultures. Most patients used antibiotics or had urine cultures before treatment (81.9% and 97.7%, respectively). Additional antibiotic use, urine cultures, and healthcare utilizations within 90 days posttreatment occurred in 51.5%, 66.1%, and 24.6% of patients, respectively. Conclusions For treating complicated UTI with multiple-dose fosfomycin, clinical resolution occurred in 2 of 3 treatment episodes and bacteriologic resolution occurred in one-half of treatment episodes. Future research is necessary to determine the relative efficacy and safety and optimal dosing regimen, duration, and population for UTI treatment with multiple-dose fosfomycin.

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Undiscovered Urinary Tract Infections

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.39.6.946a ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 946-947

Author(s):

MELVYN H. WOLK

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Tract Infections ◽

In Infants And Children

The occurrence of urinary tract infections in children has become an increasing problem. Pediatricians, especially those experiencing the "unhappy pediatric syndrome," should delight in investigating the manifold signs and symptoms with which these children may present. We have been taught that urologic symptoms, such as dysuria and frequency, may indicate an underlying urinary tract infection. However we must look further, for signs rather than symptoms in infants and children, for they may not be the best historians.

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Does cranberry have a role in catheter-associated urinary tract infections?

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.4472 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. E421-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dominique Thomas ◽

Matthew Rutman ◽

Kimberly Cooper ◽

Andrew Abrams ◽

Julia Finkelstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Urine Specimen ◽

Indwelling Catheters ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Catheter Urine ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are a prevalent and costly condition, with very few therapeutic options. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of an oral cranberry supplement on CA-UTIs over a six-month period. Methods: Subjects with long-term indwelling catheters and recurrent symptomatic CA-UTIs were enrolled to take a once-daily oral cranberry supplement with 36 mg of the active ingredient proanthocyanidin (PACs). Primary outcome was reducing the number of symptomatic CA-UTIs. This was defined by ≥103 (cfu)/mL of ≥1 bacterial species in a single catheter urine specimen and signs and symptoms compatible with CA-UTI. Secondary outcomes included bacterial counts and resistance patterns to antibiotics.Results: Thirty-four patients were enrolled in the trial; 22 patients (mean age 77.22 years, 77.27% were men) completed the study. Cranberry was effective in reducing the number of symptomatic CA-UTIs in all patients (n=22). Resistance to antibiotics was reduced by 28%. Furthermore, colony counts were reduced by 58.65%. No subjects had adverse events while taking cranberry.Conclusions: The cranberry supplement reduced the number of symptomatic CA-UTIs, antibiotic resistances, and major causative organisms in this cohort. Larger, placebo-controlled studies are needed to further define the role of cranberry in CA-UTIs.

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Antimicrobial Resistance and Sensitivity among Isolates of Esherichia coli from Urine Samples in Denizli, Turkey

Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.18034/mjmbr.v5i1.443 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Selma Kirac ◽

Dilek Keskin ◽

F. Banu Karahasanoğlu

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

E Coli ◽

Esherichia Coli ◽

Tract Infections

Objective: The research was carried out with isolate and determines the antimicrobial sensitivity in E. coli from urinary tract infections in special hospital in Denizli and recorded at specimens. Methods: Urine samples (n=21) were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of Urinary tract infections. Bacteria were isolated and identified by conventional biochemical profile. Antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli against different antibiotic was determined by Kirby-Baur method. Results: The results revealed that sensitivity rate of antimicrobial agents were in the range of meropenem (100%), norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin (86%), cefotaxime (80%), aztreonam (76%). None of the samples showed no resistance to amikacin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and meropenem. Out of 21 isolates, 3(14%) isolates showed Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ten to thirteen antibiotics. Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the urinary tract infections in human are caused by E.coli exhibited highest resistance to meropenem (100%), followed by norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin (86%).

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Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

South African Family Practice ◽

10.4102/safp.v59i6.4772 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 16-20

Author(s):

Natalie Schellack ◽

Cahlia Naested ◽

Nicolene Van der Sandt ◽

Neelaveni Padayachee

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Infants And Young Children

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a common occurrence in paediatrics. UTIs present in children as fever, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy and dysuria. Approximately 80% of the time, Escherichia coli is the causative bacteria in paediatrics, however, fungal UTI caused by Candida species can occur in premature infants. With an estimated 150 million UTIs occurring worldwide annually, this paper aims to establish the ideal management of urinary tract infections in paediatrics. Clinical signs and symptoms of UTI in paediatrics are dependent on age of the child. Neonates (0–27 days old) present with sepsis, vomiting, fever, and prolonged jaundice, while school aged children present with symptoms similar to adults such as dysuria and urgency. Diagnosis of a UTI can be done by using a urine dipstick or using the midstream clean catch method in toilet trained children, and using the transurethral catheterisation or suprapubic aspiration method for infants and young children. In the wake of antibiotic resistance, choosing the best anti-microbial agent for treatment is imperative. Whilst asymptomatic bacteriuria does not require antibiotic treatment, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination, cephalexin, cefixime and cefpodoxime are the preferred oral antibiotics, provided there are no known allergies. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin, cefotaxime and gentamycin are the recommended parenteral antibiotics, provided age, allergic status and renal function are considered prior to use. Careful consideration needs to be given before using prophylaxis in UTIs and should be reserved for extreme cases.

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Urinary tract infection incidence in college students

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.6.4.640-645 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 640-645

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Age Groups ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

College Of Education ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

The People ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Tract Infections

Result of studying (61) urine samples collected from students department of Biology in the College of Education-Tikrit University and the people who hold signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections with those who do not have any signs or symptoms through a questionnaire has been with the collection of samples, and the total cases were infected (39 ) cases, a rate (63.9%) distributed (28) cases a female (68.2%) and male (11) cases event rate (55%), while the distribution of positive cases among age groups have emerged group (20-22 years) is the highest rate (56%) females. The results of urine cultures accompany the presence of different types of bacteria sick and E.coli bacteria is the highest ratios positive also it is the most common causative agents of urinary tract infections ,it is the predominant organism to be isolated. Less frequent causative Staphylococcus aureus . Susceptibility of isolates to various antimicrobial drugs was also studied. The result demonstrates the frequent incidence of resistant bacteria to commonly used drugs especially Ampicilline, Tetracyclin.

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