scholarly journals Multi-environment QTL analysis delineates a major locus associated with homoeologous exchanges for water-use efficiency and seed yield in allopolyploid Brassica napus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Raman ◽  
Rosy Raman ◽  
Ramethaa Pirathiban ◽  
Brett McVittie ◽  
Niharika Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Canola varieties exhibit discernible variation in drought avoidance and drought escape traits, suggesting its adaptation to water-deficit environments. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. A doubled haploid (DH) population was analysed to identify QTL associated with water use efficiency (WUE) related traits. Based on the resequenced parental genome data, we developed sequence-capture based markers for fine mapping. mRNA-Seq was performed to determine the expression of candidate genes underlying QTL for carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA 13C). QTL contributing to main and QTL x Environment interaction effects for Δ13C and for agronomic WUE were identified. One multi-trait QTL for DELTA 13C, days to flower, plant height and seed yield was identified on chromosome A09, in the vicinity of ERECTA. Interestingly, this QTL region was overlapped with a homoeologous exchange event (HE), suggesting its association with the major QTL. Transcriptome analysis revealed several differentially expressed genes between parental lines, including in HE regions. This study provides insights into the complexity of WUE related genes in the context of canola adaptation to water-deficit conditions. Our results suggest that alleles for high DELTA 13C contribute positively to canola yield. Genetic and genomic resources developed herein could be utilised to make genetic gains for improving canola WUE.

scholarly journals EVALUATION THE PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY OF COWPEA SELECTED GENERATIONS UNDER DROUGHT TOLERANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Temimi & Abed
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted at research station of College of Agriculture University of Baghdad in Abu-Griab. The aim was to study early generation of cowpea under water stress regime. The purpose was to diagnose which genotypes have high yield and stability under water deficit. The experiment consisted of two levels of water deficit (50 and 75%) and three genotypes selected and original genotype. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) within split plots arrangement with three replicates in two seasons of 2014 were used. The results revealed that S5 gave highest mean in chlorophyll index and dry matter per induvial plant were 74.66 , 68.44 SPAD. in spring and autumn season respectively. In addition to , S5 had a short period to reproductive phase. S5 gave highest mean seed yield per hectare and water use efficiency were 1246.23 and 2211.84 Kg.ha-1 , 0.19 and 0.51 in spring and autuman seasons, respectively. S4 gave less days to 50% flower were 56.17 and 40.33 in spring and autumn season, respectively. PCV and GCV were so dose in peroxide (13.0 ,12.13%) and (5.70 , 4.68%) in spring and autumn seasons, respectively. Stability values were high in peroxidase , proline , water use efficiency and seed yield (87, 94.3%),( 99.87 , 99.82%), (93.22, 92.33%), (86.5,93.46%) in spring and autumn , respectively. It can be concluded the significant dependance on certain triats in diagnosing the genotypes that tolerated to drought . Therefore S5 was tolerant of drought because of superiority in relative water content. . It is important to use S5 in genotypic and environmental interactions for many years and locations to determine its stability. It can be rationled much quentity of water by following irrigation at 75% . Water deficit which reduced number of irrigation to ten in autumn season, leading to increase of water use efficienly to 0.37 .

scholarly journals Understanding the genetic bases of adaptation to soil water deficit in trees through the examination of water use efficiency and cavitation resistance: maritime pine as a case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Plomion ◽  
Jérome Bartholomé ◽  
Laurent Bouffier ◽  
Oliver Brendel ◽  
Hervé Cochard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Cavitation Resistance ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Bases

This article provides a comprehensive view on the existing knowledge related to adaptation to soil water deficit in maritime pine, a conifer species widely planted in the southwestern Europe. It synthesizes discoveries made in ecophysiology, quantitative and population genetics as well as in genomics, combining several layers of information at the genotypic, phenotypic and environmental levels. Particular focus is given to two major traits: water-use efficiency (WUE) and cavitation resistance (CR). The former is related the maintenance of productivity during periods of lower soil water availability, whereas the latter is tightly linked to survival during severe drought. The development of high throughput phenotypic technologies have made it possible to estimate genetic and environmental variance components of these key traits, providing clues about their suitability for breeding and the evolutionary forces that have shaped their variability. Both CR and WUE were screened in different ecotypes as well as in the Aquitaine breeding population, the main genetic resource of the most advanced maritime pine breeding program in Europe.While the unexpectedly low level of variation of CR within and between natural populations will most likely hamper its use in breeding application, for WUE the medium heritability, absence of unfavorable phenotypic and genetic correlations with diameter growth, as well as the high inter-site correlation and weak genotype-by-environment interaction indicates that artificial selection could be applied for this trait without unfavorable consequences for radial growth, at least within the Aquitaine provenance. On the other hand, recent advances in sequencing and genotyping technologies have contributed to reveal the genetic architecture (i.e. number, location and effect of quantitative trait loci) of these two traits. In combination with ultra-dense genetic linkage map and functional genomics approaches, these findings will contribute to identify positional and expressional candidate genes that should be validated by association genetics and eventually introduced in genomic prediction models to make such knowledge useful to improve tree breeding.This review also opens up new research avenues and raises key questions on how to promote adaptation to the challenge of soil water deficit through genetic approaches in this species. If the results obtained so far in maritime pine can only applied to the tested genetic material, we however believe that the overall strategy presented here can be considered and cited as an example of integrative research to better understand the genetic bases of adaptation to soil water deficit in any forest tree species.

scholarly journals Overexpression of MdATG8i improves water use efficiency in transgenic apple by modulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and autophagic activity under moderate water deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jia ◽  
Ke Mao ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xumei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Autophagic Activity

AbstractWater deficit is one of the major limiting factors for apple (Malus domestica) production on the Loess Plateau, a major apple cultivation area in China. The identification of genes related to the regulation of water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial aspect of crop breeding programs. As a conserved degradation and recycling mechanism in eukaryotes, autophagy has been reported to participate in various stress responses. However, the relationship between autophagy and WUE regulation has not been explored. We have shown that a crucial autophagy protein in apple, MdATG8i, plays a role in improving salt tolerance. Here, we explored its biological function in response to long-term moderate drought stress. The results showed that MdATG8i-overexpressing (MdATG8i-OE) apple plants exhibited higher WUE than wild-type (WT) plants under long-term moderate drought conditions. Plant WUE can be increased by improving photosynthetic efficiency. Osmoregulation plays a critical role in plant stress resistance and adaptation. Under long-term drought conditions, the photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of sugar and amino acids were higher in MdATG8i-OE plants than in WT plants. The increased photosynthetic capacity in the OE plants could be attributed to their ability to maintain optimal stomatal aperture, organized chloroplasts, and strong antioxidant activity. MdATG8i overexpression also promoted autophagic activity, which was likely related to the changes described above. In summary, our results demonstrate that MdATG8i-OE apple lines exhibited higher WUE than WT under long-term moderate drought conditions because they maintained robust photosynthesis, effective osmotic adjustment processes, and strong autophagic activity.

scholarly journals Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gomaa ◽  
Essam E. Kandil ◽  
Atef A. M. Zen El-Dein ◽  
Mamdouh E. M. Abou-Donia ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractIn Egypt, water shortage has become a key limiting factor for agriculture. Water-deficit stress causes different morphological, physiological, and biochemical impacts on plants. Two field experiments were carried out at Etay El-Baroud Station, El-Beheira Governorate, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt, to evaluate the effect of potassium silicate (K-silicate) of maize productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). A split-plot system in the four replications was used under three irrigation intervals during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Whereas 10, 15, and 20 days irrigation intervals were allocated in main plots, while the three foliar application treatments of K-silicate (one spray at 40 days after sowing; two sprays at 40 and 60 days; and three sprays at 40, 60, and 80 days, and a control (water spray) were distributed in the subplots. All the treatments were distributed in 4 replicates. The results indicated that irrigation every 15 days gave the highest yield in both components and quality. The highly significant of (WUE) under irrigation every 20 days. Foliar spraying of K-silicate three times resulted in the highest yield. Even under water-deficit stress, irrigation every fifteen days combined with foliar application of K-silicate three times achieved the highest values of grain yield and its components. These results show that K-silicate treatment can increase WUE and produce high grain yield requiring less irrigation.

scholarly journals Potato growth, photosynthesis, yield, and quality response to regulated deficit drip irrigation under film mulching in a cold and arid environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqiang Li ◽  
Haoliang Deng ◽  
Yucai Wang ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
Xietian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Tuber Bulking ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potato Growth

AbstractThe effects of the amount and timing of regulated deficit drip irrigation under plastic film on potato (‘Qingshu 168’) growth, photosynthesis, yield, water use efficiency, and quality were examined from 2017 to 2019 in cold and arid northwestern China. In the four stages of potato growth (seedling, tuber initiation, tuber bulking, starch accumulation), eight treatments were designed, with a mild deficit was in treatments WD1 (seedling), WD2 (tuber initiation), WD3 (tuber bulking), and WD4 (starch accumulation); and a moderate deficit in WD5 (seedling), WD6 (tuber initiation), WD7 (tuber bulking), and WD8 (starch accumulation). The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate decreased significantly under water deficit in the tuber formation and starch accumulation stages. Although water deficit reduced potato yields, a mild deficit in the seedling stage resulted in the highest yield and water use efficiency at 43,961.91 kg ha−1 and 8.67 kg m−3, respectively. The highest overall quality was in potatoes subjected to mild and moderate water deficit in the seedling stage. Principal component analysis identified mild water stress in the seedling stage as the optimum regulated deficit irrigation regime. The results of this study provide theoretical and technical references for efficient water-saving cultivation and industrialization of potato in northwestern China.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Seed Yield, Yield Components, and Water Use Efficiency of Cleistogenes songorica

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Qibo Tao ◽  
Mengjie Bai ◽  
Cunzhi Jia ◽  
Yunhua Han ◽  
Yanrong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency

Irrigation and nitrogen (N) are two crucial factors affecting perennial grass seed production. To investigate the effects of irrigation and N rate on seed yield (SY), yield components, and water use efficiency (WUE) of Cleistogenes songorica (Roshevitz) Ohwi, an ecologically significant perennial grass, a four-year (2016–2019) field trial was conducted in an arid region of northwestern China. Two irrigation regimes (I1 treatment: irrigation at tillering stage; I2 treatment: irrigation at tillering, spikelet initiation, and early flowering stages) and four N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha−1) were arranged. Increasing amounts of both irrigation and N improved SY, evapotranspiration, WUE, and related yield components like fertile tillers m−2 (FTSM) and seeds spikelet−1. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between 120 and 180 kg N ha−1 treatments for most variables. The highest SY and WUE was obtained with treatment combination of I2 plus 120 kg N ha−1 with four-year average values of 507.3 kg ha−1 and 1.8 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively. Path coefficient and contribution analysis indicated that FTSM was the most important yield component for SY, with direct path coefficient and contribution coefficient of 0.626 and 0.592. Overall, we recommend I2 treatment (three irrigations) together with 120 kg N ha−1 to both increase SY and WUE, especially in arid regions. Future agronomic managements and breeding programs for seed should mainly focus on FTSM. This study will enable grass seed producers, plant breeders, and government program directors to more effectively target higher SY of C. songorica.

Boron Supply and Water Deficit Consequences in Young Paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca do Carmo SILVA ◽  
Pêola Reis de SOUZA ◽  
Daihany Moraes CALLEGARI ◽  
Vanessa Ferreira ALVES ◽  
Allan Klynger da Silva LOBATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba ◽  
Use Efficiency

Boron (B) is a very important nutrient required by forest plants; when supplied in adequate amounts, plants can ameliorate the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to (i) investigate gas exchange, (ii) measure oxidant and antioxidant compounds, and (iii) respond how B supply acts on tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants. The experiment employed a factorial that was entirely randomised, with two boron levels (25 and 250 µmol L-1, simulating conditions of sufficient B and high B, respectively) and two water conditions (control and water deficit). Water deficit induced negative modifications on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency, while B high promoted intensification of the effects on stomatal conductance and water use efficiency. Hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage of both tissues suffered non-significant increases after B high and when applied water deficit. Ascorbate levels presented increases after water deficit and B high to leaf and root. Our results suggested that the tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants is coupled to increases in total glutathione and ascorbate aiming to control the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide and alleviates the negative consequences on electrolyte leakage and gas exchange. In relation to B supply, this study proved that sufficient level promoted better responses under control and water deficit conditions.

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