scholarly journals All-cause mortality during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in India: Nationally-representative estimates independent of official death registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabareesh Ramachandran ◽  
Anup Malani
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Death Registry ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Excess Deaths

We estimate excess deaths in India during the COVID pandemic using monthly deaths in the sample of privately-conducted, nationally-representative, large, panel data set. The data set includes roughly 174,000 households (1.2 million members) and spans January 2015 - June 2021. We estimate COVID is associated with 3.36 million (95% CI: 2.08-4.63 million) excess deaths, a 17.3% increase in the all-cause death rate, until April 2021. Excess deaths spike during the peaks of the 2 infection waves in India. The second wave is associated with significantly more excess deaths than the first. The age-pattern of deaths is skewed towards the elderly relative to baseline.

scholarly journals Determinants of prepaid systems of healthcare financing: a worldwide country-level perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Leiter ◽  
Engelbert Theurl
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Country Level

AbstractIn this paper we examine determinants of prepaid modes of health care financing in a worldwide cross-country perspective. We use three different indicators to capture the role of prepaid modes in health care financing: (i) the share of total prepaid financing as percent of total current health expenditures, (ii) the share of voluntary prepaid financing as percent of total prepaid financing, and (iii) the share of compulsory health insurance as percent of total compulsory prepaid financing. In the econometric analysis, we refer to a panel data set comprising 154 countries and covering the time period 2000–2015. We apply a static as well as a dynamic panel data model. We find that the current structure of prepaid financing is significantly determined by its different forms in the past. The significant influence of GDP per capita, governmental revenues, the agricultural value added, development assistance for health, degree of urbanization and regulatory quality varies depending on the financing structure we look at. The share of the elderly and the education level are only of minor importance for explaining the variation in a country’s share of prepaid health care financing. The importance of the mentioned variables as determinants for prepaid health care financing also varies depending on the countries’ socio-economic development. From our analysis we conclude that more detailed information on indicators which reflect the distribution of individual characteristics (such as income, family size and structure and health risks) within a country’s population would be needed to gain deeper insight into the decisive determinants for prepaid health care financing.

scholarly journals Excess mortality among the elderly in 12 European countries, February and March 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mazick ◽  
B Gergonne ◽  
J Nielsen ◽  
F Wuillaume ◽  
M J Virtanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cold Snap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Excess Deaths

In February and March 2012, excess deaths among the elderly have been observed in 12 European countries that carry out weekly monitoring of all-cause mortality. These preliminary data indicate that the impact of influenza in Europe differs from the recent pandemic and post-pandemic seasons. The current excess mortality among the elderly may be related to the return of influenza A(H3N2) virus, potentially with added effects of a cold snap.

Unintended Labor Supply Effects of Cash Transfer Programs: New Evidence from South Africa’s Pension†

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Abel
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Income Effect ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Disability Grant ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Using South Africa’s first nationally representative panel data set, I find that the presence of pension recipients in the household reduces the probability of employment of both previously employed and unemployed prime-aged adults. Exploiting institutional features of the disability grant to isolate the pension’s income effect suggests that the effects operate through the income mechanism. By contrast, there is no evidence that pensioners enable household members to work by providing childcare as concluded by previous studies.

scholarly journals Type of Cooking Fuel and Mortality Among Oldest-Old in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Yao Yao ◽  
Danan Gu ◽  
Huashuai Chen ◽  
Yi Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Cooking Fuel ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Solid Fuel Combustion ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Studies have reported that elder adults are susceptible to the indoor pollution. However, evidences on the mortality risk of household air pollution (HAP) on the elderly, especially on vulnerable oldest-old population, are scarce. We aimed to estimate the association between HAP exposure from solid fuel combustion and 7-years all-cause mortality using a nationally representative dataset of oldest-old population in China. We used data from wave 2011 to wave 2018 of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Household cooking fuel were dichotomized as solid fuel (including kerosene, charcoal, coal, wood, and biomass) and clean fuel (including electricity, solar, natural gas, and coal gas). The cohort contained 6,167 participants, totaling 21,357 person-years. There were 3,836 deaths between 2011 and 2014. About half of the participants (53.8%) used solid fuel for cooking. In the fully adjusted model, the mortality hazard ratio (HR) for solid fuel users was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03-1.18). We observed significant interaction between HAP and urban/rural residency but not between HAP and gender. Our study showed exposure to HAP from solid fuel combustion was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality in the male and female oldest-old population. This adverse effect was more pronounced in urban residence who use solid cooking fuels, suggesting attention should be paid on reducing HAP, particularly on susceptible population.

Abstract WP328: Seizure in Patients With Co-morbid Stroke in the United States: Frequency and Characteristics

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladimeji Akinboro ◽  
Odunayo Olorunfemi ◽  
Stephen Jesmajian ◽  
Bruce Ovbiagele
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Epilepsy In The Elderly ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender

Background: The commonest cause of epilepsy in the elderly is symptomatic vascular brain injury. As the population ages, the prevalence of stroke is projected to rise, and so conceivably the incidence of seizures will increase as well. However, the extent to which individuals presenting with a seizure have a co-morbid diagnosis of stroke and precisely how this relationship varies by age, gender, and race is unclear. Objective: To assess the relation of admission for an epileptic event with a co-morbid diagnosis of stroke. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative data set of US hospital admissions, we assessed patients aged 18 years or older hospitalized with seizures who had a comorbid diagnosis of stroke from 2004-2009. We define seizure or epilepsy hospitalizations using primary ICD-9 discharge diagnosis codes 345.0-345.5, 345.7-345.9, and 780.39. Secondary discharge codes for stroke used were 433-437.10, 437.3, and 437.5-438. The sample was stratified into age-categories (75 years), and racial categories. Frequencies and descriptive analysis of comorbidities and confounders were utilized. A logistic regression model was used to further explore the relationship. All analysis were survey-weighted. Results: During the study period, 253,778 adults (0.64%) of the sample were hospitalized for seizures. On survey-weighted analysis, 11.1% of those hospitalized for seizures had a co-morbid diagnosis of stroke. Among patients with seizures and co-morbid stroke, 23.6% were aged 75 years, 51.6% were women, and 60.7% were of White race. Greater odds of hospitalization for seizures were seen with those with co-morbid stroke vs. no stroke (OR 3.68; 95% CI 3.49-3.89, p<0.01), and blacks (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.38, 1.52), relative to whites. Females were less likely to be hospitalized for seizure than males (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.62, 0.65) significant interaction between comorbid stroke, and gender (p<0.01 ). Conclusions: One out of eleven patients hospitalized with seizures in the United States has a co-morbid diagnosis of stroke. Patients with co-morbid stroke are almost 4 times more likely to hospitalized with seizures than those without known stroke, with gender modifying this relationship.

Childhood Intelligence Predicts Adult Trait Openness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Helen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. This study used a longitudinal data set of 5,672 adults followed for 50 years to determine the factors that influence adult trait Openness-to-Experience. In a large, nationally representative sample in the UK (the National Child Development Study), data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 11), adolescence (age 16), and adulthood (ages 33, 42, and 50) to examine the effects of family social background, childhood intelligence, school motivation during adolescence, education, and occupation on the personality trait Openness assessed at age 50 years. Structural equation modeling showed that parental social status, childhood intelligence, school motivation, education, and occupation all had modest, but direct, effects on trait Openness, among which childhood intelligence was the strongest predictor. Gender was not significantly associated with trait Openness. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

The Birthday-Deathday Effect: Fact or Artifact?

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Married People ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between birthday and deathday has been called an artifact due to the continuous depletion of the population with age. However, while the population decreases with age, the death rate increases. These two influences cancel each other at ages seventy-five to eighty-four. The decreasing population dominates at older ages, but the situation is reversed at younger ages. The results account for no more than one-third of the size of the large-sample effects observed among the elderly. There is still a 33 percent excess of deaths resulting from heart disease among married people ages seventy-five and older in the three-day period centered at the birthday.

A General Approach to Panel Data Set-Theoretic Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Roberto Garcia-Castro ◽  
◽  
Miguel A. Ariño ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Data Set
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