scholarly journals Time trends and factors related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy from January-May 2021 among US adults: Findings from a large-scale national survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C King ◽  
Max Rubinstein ◽  
Alex Reinhart ◽  
Robin J Mejia
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Black Pacific

Objective: To understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods: January 6 through May 31, 2021, 5,121,436 US adults completed an online COVID-19 survey. Weighted data was used to evaluate change in vaccine intent and correlates of May vaccine hesitancy. Results: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy decreased by one-third from January to May, with relatively large decreases among participants with Black, Pacific Islander or Hispanic race/ethnicity and ≤high school education. In May, independent hesitancy risk factors included younger age, non-Asian race, having a PhD or ≤high school education, living in a rural county, living in a county with higher 2020 Trump support, lack of worry about COVID-19, working outside the home, never intentionally avoiding contact with others, and no past-year flu vaccine. Differences in hesitancy by race/ethnicity varied by age. Almost half of vaccine hesitant respondents reported fear of side effects and not trusting the COVID-19 vaccine; over one-third reported not trusting the government, not needing the vaccine, and waiting to see if safe. Reasons differed by degree of vaccine intent and by race/ethnicity. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy varied by demographics, geography, beliefs, and behaviors.

scholarly journals Time trends, factors associated with, and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A massive online survey of US adults from January-May 2021

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260731
Author(s):  
Wendy C. King ◽  
Max Rubinstein ◽  
Alex Reinhart ◽  
Robin Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Black Pacific

Importance COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has become a leading barrier to increasing the US vaccination rate. Objective To evaluate time trends in COVID-19 vaccine intent during the US vaccine rollout, and identify key factors related to and self-reported reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in May 2021. Design, participants and setting A COVID-19 survey was offered to US adult Facebook users in several languages yielding 5,088,772 qualifying responses from January 6 to May 31, 2021. Data was aggregated by month. Survey weights matched the sample to the age, gender, and state profile of the US population. Exposure Demographics, geographic factors, political/COVID-19 environment, health status, beliefs, and behaviors. Main outcome measures “If a vaccine to prevent COVID-19 were offered to you today, would you choose to get vaccinated.” Hesitant was defined as responding probably or definitely would not choose to get vaccinated (versus probably or definitely would, or already vaccinated). Results COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy decreased by one-third from 25.4% (95%CI, 25.3, 25.5) in January to 16.6% (95% CI, 16.4, 16.7) in May, with relatively large decreases among participants with Black, Pacific Islander or Hispanic race/ethnicity and ≤high school education. Independent risk factors for vaccine hesitancy in May (N = 525,644) included younger age, non-Asian race, < 4 year college degree, living in a more rural county, living in a county with higher Trump vote share in the 2020 election, lack of worry about COVID-19, working outside the home, never intentionally avoiding contact with others, and no past-year flu vaccine. Differences in hesitancy by race/ethnicity varied by age (e.g., Black adults more hesitant than White adults <35 years old, but less hesitant among adults ≥45 years old). Differences in hesitancy by age varied by race/ethnicity. Almost half of vaccine hesitant respondents reported fear of side effects (49.2% [95%CI, 48.7, 49.7]) and not trusting the COVID-19 vaccine (48.4% [95%CI, 48.0, 48.9]); over one-third reported not trusting the government, not needing the vaccine, and waiting to see if safe. Reasons differed by degree of vaccine intent and by race/ethnicity. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy varied by demographics, geography, beliefs, and behaviors, indicating a need for a range of messaging and policy options to target high-hesitancy groups.

scholarly journals Flavonoid Intake Varies by Racial/Ethnic Groups Within Sociodemographic Categories

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1426-1426
Author(s):  
Kijoon Kim ◽  
Kyungho Ha ◽  
Junichi Sakaki ◽  
Hwayoung Noh ◽  
Ock Chun
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
College Education ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Objectives Diets rich in flavonoids can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. While differences in flavonoid intake by race/ethnicity have been previously described, differences between race/ethnicity within categories sociodemographic characteristics have not been fully assessed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate flavonoid intake and evaluate the disparities by race/ethnicity within categories of sociodemographic characteristics in US adults. Methods A total of 15,775 US adults aged 20 years and older in NHANES 2007–2014 were included in this cross-sectional study. Flavonoid intake was calculated by linking food consumption data from a 24-hour diet recall to a flavonoid database which has been expanded on by our research group using the USDA Databases for the Flavonoid (Release 3.3), and Isoflavone (Release 2.1) in addition to the USDA's Expanded Flavonoid Database for the Assessment of Dietary Intakes (Release 1.1). Mean (SE) flavonoid intakes by sociodemographic categories were compared with one-way ANOVA. Results Among US adults, mean (SE) total flavonoid intake was 227.6 (8.0) mg/day, and total flavonoid intake was highest in 40–59 year olds, non-Hispanic whites, those with a poverty-income ratio (PIR) ≥1.85, those with a college education or above, and those married or living with a partner. In most sociodemographic categories, Hispanics consistently had the lowest total flavonoid intakes compared to other races/ethnicities. Among Hispanic subgroups, total flavonoid intake was lowest in men, 20–39 years olds, PIR &lt; 1.3, less than high school education, and single marital status (men only). Ethnic disparities in flavonoid intake were more pronounced between certain sociodemographic subcategories including men, 40–59 year olds, PIR &lt; 1.3, less than high school education, and married marital status (men only). Conclusions These findings indicate that there are significant racial differences in flavonoid intake. Notably, Hispanics tended to have the lowest intake. Certain sociodemographic populations such as males, low income or low educated may be at an increased risk of flavonoid under-consumption. Funding Sources This research received no external funding.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Vaccine Hesitancy in Central Texas Immediately Prior to COVID-19 Vaccine Availability

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
John R. Litaker ◽  
Naomi Tamez ◽  
Carlos Lopez Bray ◽  
Wesley Durkalski ◽  
Richard Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Central Texas

Vaccine-induced herd immunity remains the best opportunity for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. However, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a real concern. In this paper, we report on vaccine hesitancy in Central Texas immediately prior to the release of the two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in late December 2020. A total of 1648 individuals 18 years or older with health insurance living in Central Texas completed a survey on sociodemographic factors and plans to obtain the COVID-19 vaccine. Of the respondents, 64.1% planned to obtain the COVID-19 vaccine. Logistic regression identified the following sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine hesitancy: Black or African American race (POR: 0.351, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.211, 0.584), female sex (POR: 0.650, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.518, 0.816), age of 35–49 years old (POR: 0.689, p = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.534, 0.890), annual household income of less than US$10,000 (POR: 0.565, p = 0.041, 95% CI: 0.327, 0.976), a high school education or less (POR: 0.565, p = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.401, 0.795), and a high school education but less than a 4-year college degree (POR: 0.572, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.442, 0.739). Real-world evidence provided by individuals on plans to get vaccinated can reveal COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy associated heterogeneity.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK MANTAN BURUH MIGRAN INDONESIA PENERIMA DANA CSR PERBANKAN DI KECAMATAN DONOMULYO KABUPATEN MALANG

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Sri Wahjuni Latifah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quota Sampling

Research on the characteristics of Indonesian Migrant Workers Former grantees Banking CSR is done in District Donomulyo Malang. The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence about the characteristics of former migrant workers so as to be considered the government to improve their welfare. Quota sampling techniques obtained 45 respondents. Data analysis with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results of this study indicate that migrant workers productive age (35.28 years) with an average experience of 5.8 years. The level of high school education. His favorite of Taiwan. Investment enough value the average Rp.108.000.000

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in High School Education – Perspectives of Colombian Teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ((2) 18) ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Angélica Rico Alonso ◽  
Angela Cardenas
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
High School Teachers ◽  
School Education ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
High School Education ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
The Government

The term entrepreneurship has been seen from a productive perspective, tending towards the development of business ideas. However, today it is also associated with the strengthening of skills and attitudes on a personal level. In Colombia, Law 1014 of 2006 regulates entrepreneurship as part of academic training, at all educational levels. Despite it being an initiative raised by the government, concrete actions on the subject are being directed by teachers in classrooms. For this reason, the views of high school teachers, through the lens of qualitative research, are essential for exploring the reality that education occupies in this aspect, and that increasingly highlights some obstacles which hinder its progress. Therefore, the aim of this article – immersed in the framework of a doctoral thesis about the practices of entrepreneurship among high school teachers in public schools in Bogotá – is to expose which actions have been aimed at integrating entrepreneurship into Colombian high school education from the experience of teachers, as well as to unveil their criticism of the absence of the entrepreneurial process from the first grades established in the law, the role of the National Service of Learning (SENA) as an important institution in Colombia related to entrepreneurship in the classrooms, the lack of a more human vision that is less focused on production in entrepreneurship education, and the huge gap in teacher training in the area.

scholarly journals Indigenous Educational Attainment in Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Gordon ◽  
Jerry P. White
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada

In this article, the educational attainment of Indigenous peoples of working age (25 to 64 years) in Canada is examined. This diverse population has typically had lower educational levels than the general population in Canada. Results indicate that, while on the positive side there are a greater number of highly educated Indigenous peoples, there is also a continuing gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. Data also indicate that the proportion with less than high school education declined, which corresponds with a rise of those with a PSE; the reverse was true in 1996. Despite these gains, however, the large and increasing absolute numbers of those without a high school education is alarming. There are intra-Indigenous differences: First Nations with Indian Status and the Inuit are not doing as well as non-Status and Métis peoples. Comparisons between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations reveal that the documented gap in post-secondary educational attainment is at best stagnant. Out of the data analysis, and based on the history of educational policy, we comment on the current reform proposed by the Government of Canada, announced in February of 2014, and propose several policy recommendations to move educational attainment forward.

scholarly journals Do social inequalities in smoking differ by immigration status in young adults?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kalubi ◽  
Z Tchouaga ◽  
A Ghenadenik ◽  
J O'Loughlin ◽  
K L Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Tobacco use accounts for half the difference in life expectancy across groups of low and high socioeconomic status. The objective was to assess whether social inequalities in smoking in Canada-born young adults are also apparent among same-age immigrants, a group often viewed as disadvantaged and vulnerable to multiple health issues. Methods Data were drawn from the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking, a longitudinal investigation of social inequalities in smoking in Montreal, Canada. The sample included 2,077 young adults age 18-25 (56.6% female; 18.9% immigrants). Immigrants had been in Canada 11.6 (SD 6.4) years on average. The association between level of education and current smoking was examined separately in immigrants and non-immigrants in multivariate logistic regression analyses controlling for covariates. Results Twenty percent of immigrants were current smokers compared to 24% of non-immigrants. In immigrants, relative to those who were university-educated, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for current smoking was 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) among those with pre-university or vocational training, and 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) among those with high school education only. In non-immigrants, the adjusted ORs were 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) among those with pre-university or vocational training and 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) among those with high school education. Conclusions Despite a mean of over 10 years in Canada, young adults who immigrated to Canada did not manifest the strong social gradient in smoking apparent in non-immigrants. Identification of factors that protect immigrants from manifesting marked social inequalities in smoking could inform the development of smoking preventive intervention sensitive to social inequalities in smoking. Key messages A social gradient in smoking apparent in Canada-born young adults was not observed in same-age immigrants. Factors that protect immigrants against social inequalities in smoking should be identified.

scholarly journals Impact of Race and Socioeconomics Disparities on Survival in Young-Onset Colorectal Adenocarcinoma—A SEER Registry Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3262
Author(s):  
Mark M. Aloysius ◽  
Hemant Goyal ◽  
Niraj J. Shah ◽  
Kumar Pallav ◽  
Nimy John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
School Education ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: We aimed to assess the impact of socio-economic determinants of health (SEDH) on survival disparities within and between the ethnic groups of young-onset (<50 years age) colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Patients and Methods: Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry was used to identify colorectal adenocarcinoma patients aged between 25–49 years from 2012 and 2016. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meir method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the hazard effect of SEDH. American community survey (ACS) data 2012–2016 were used to analyze the impact of high school education, immigration status, poverty, household income, employment, marital status, and insurance type. Results: A total of 17,145 young-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma patients were studied. Hispanic (H) = 2874, Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native (NHAIAN) = 164, Non-Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander (NHAPI) = 1676, Non-Hispanic black (NHB) = 2305, Non-Hispanic white (NHW) = 10,126. Overall cancer-specific survival was, at 5 years, 69 m. NHB (65.58 m) and NHAIAN (65.67 m) experienced worse survival compared with NHW (70.11 m), NHAPI (68.7), and H (68.31). High school education conferred improved cancer-specific survival significantly with NHAPI, NHB, and NHW but not with H and NHAIAN. Poverty lowered and high school education improved cancer-specific survival (CSS) in NHB, NHW, and NHAPI. Unemployment was associated with lowered CSS in H and NAPI. Lower income below the median negatively impacted survival among H, NHAPI NHB, and NHW. Recent immigration within the last 12 months lowered CSS survival in NHW. Commercial health insurance compared with government insurance conferred improved CSS in all groups. Conclusions: Survival disparities were found among all races with young-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma. The pattern of SEDH influencing survival was unique to each race. Overall higher income levels, high school education, private insurance, and marital status appeared to be independent factors conferring favorable survival found on multivariate analysis.

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