scholarly journals Brain structure and function predict adherence to an exercise intervention in older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P Morris ◽  
Agnieszka Burzynska ◽  
Michelle Voss ◽  
Jason Fanning ◽  
Elizabeth A Salerno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multimodal Features ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Individualized and precision medicine approaches to exercise for cognitive and brain health in aging have the potential to improve intervention efficacy. Predicting adherence to an exercise intervention in older adults prior to its commencement will allow for adaptive and optimized approaches that could save time (no need to demonstrate failure before changing course) and money (cost of de-implementing approaches that do not work for certain individuals) which ultimately could improve health outcomes (e.g., preventative medicine approaches prior to the onset of symptoms). Individual differences in brain structure and function in older adults are potential proxies of brain and brain reserve or maintenance and may provide strong predictions of adherence. We hypothesized that brain-based measures would predict adherence to a six-month randomized controlled trial of exercise in older adults, alone and in combination with psychosocial, cognitive and health measures. In 131 older adults (aged 65.79 (4.65) years, 63 percent female) we found, using regularized elastic net regression within a nested cross-validation framework, that brain structure (cortical thickness and cortical surface area) in somatosensory, inferior temporal, and inferior frontal regions and functional connectivity (degree count) in primary information processing (somatosensory, visual), executive control, default, and attentional networks, predicted exercise adherence (R2 = 0.15, p < 0.001). Traditional survey and clinical measures such as gait and walking self-efficacy, biological sex and perceived stress also predicted adherence (R2 = 0.06, p = 0.001) but a combined multimodal model achieved the highest predictive strength (R2 = 0.22, p <0.001). Neuroimaging features alone can predict adherence to a structured group-based exercise intervention in older adults which suggests there is substantial utility of these measures for future research into precision medicine approaches. The best performing model contained multimodal features suggesting that each modality provided independent relevant information in the prediction of exercise adherence.

scholarly journals The Effect of Exercise Training on Brain Structure and Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review Based on Evidence from Randomized Control Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Tzu Chen ◽  
Rachel J. Hopman ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Chien-Heng Chu ◽  
Charles H. Hillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Accumulating evidence suggests that exercise training is associated with improvements in brain health in older adults, yet the extant literature is insufficient in detailing why exercise training facilitates brain structure and function. Specifically, few studies have employed the FITT-VP principle (i.e., Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, and Progression) to characterize the exercise exposure, thus research is yet to specify which characteristics of exercise training benefit brain outcomes. To determine whether exercise training is consequential to cognitive and brain outcomes, we conducted a systematic review investigating the effects of exercise training on brain structure and function in older adults. PubMed and Scopus were searched from inception to February 2020, and study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A total of 24 randomized controlled trials were included. This systematic review indicates that older adults involved in exercise training may derive general benefits to brain health, as reflected by intervention-induced changes in brain structure and function. However, such benefits are dependent upon the dose of the exercise intervention. Importantly, current evidence remains limited for applied exercise prescriptions (e.g., volume, progression) and future research is needed to clarify the effects of exercise training on cognitive and brain outcomes in older adults.

scholarly journals Differences in Brain Structure and Function in Older Adults with Self-Reported Disabling and Nondisabling Chronic Low Back Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neilly Buckalew ◽  
Marc W. Haut ◽  
Howard Aizenstein ◽  
Lisa Morrow ◽  
Subashan Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

What is the impact of genome-wide supported risk variants for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on brain structure and function? A systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2461-2480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gurung ◽  
D. P. Prata
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The powerful genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed common mutations that increase susceptibility for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), but the vast majority were not known to be functional or associated with these illnesses. To help fill this gap, their impact on human brain structure and function has been examined. We systematically discuss this output to facilitate its timely integration in the psychosis research field; and encourage reflection for future research. Irrespective of imaging modality, studies addressing the effect of SZ/BD GWAS risk genes (ANK3, CACNA1C, MHC, TCF4, NRGN, DGKH, PBRM1, NCANandZNF804A) were included. Most GWAS risk variations were reported to affect neuroimaging phenotypes implicated in SZ/BD: white-matter integrity (ANK3andZNF804A), volume (CACNA1CandZNF804A) and density (ZNF804A); grey-matter (CACNA1C, NRGN, TCF4andZNF804A) and ventricular (TCF4) volume; cortical folding (NCAN) and thickness (ZNF804A); regional activation during executive tasks (ANK3, CACNA1C, DGKH, NRGNandZNF804A) and functional connectivity during executive tasks (CACNA1CandZNF804A), facial affect recognition (CACNA1CandZNF804A) and theory-of-mind (ZNF804A); but inconsistencies and non-replications also exist. Further efforts such as standardizing reporting and exploring complementary designs, are warranted to test the reproducibility of these early findings.

Brain Structure and Function in Older Adults With Cognitive Decline

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Persson ◽  
L. Nyberg ◽  
J. Lind ◽  
A. Larsson ◽  
L. -G. Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Free-Living Physical Activity Measured With a Wearable Device Is Associated With Larger Hippocampus Volume and Greater Functional Connectivity in Healthy Older Adults: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Domingos ◽  
Maria Picó-Pérez ◽  
Ricardo Magalhães ◽  
Mariana Moreira ◽  
Nuno Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Several studies using neuroimaging techniques have established a positive relationship between physical activity (PA) and brain structure and function in older populations. However, the use of subjective measures of PA and the lack of multimodal neuroimaging approaches have limited the understanding of this association. This study aims to explore the associations between PA and brain structure and function by objectively evaluating PA. Community-dwelling cognitively healthy older adults (without diagnosed cognitive, neurological or degenerative disease) were recruited from local health centers and local gyms. In a cross-sectional design, participants were evaluated regarding cognitive, clinical, anthropometric, physical performance, and lifestyle characteristics. A 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for structural and functional brain measures. PA time and level was assessed via a Xiaomi Mi Band 2® worn for 15 consecutive days. Participants (n = 110, after inclusion/exclusion criteria and completion of all evaluations) were 58 females (56%), with an average age of 68.42 years old (SD = 3.12), most were active. Multiple regression analysis revealed that higher time spent in vigorous PA associated with larger left parahippocampal gyrus and right hippocampus volumes. Furthermore, the analysis of the functional connectome indicated a greater functional connectivity (FC) between the frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, occipital inferior lobe for light, moderate, and total PA time, and sedentary time associated with lower FC in the same networks. Overall, the structural and functional findings may provide evidence on the relevant association between PA and brain health in aging.

scholarly journals Caloric Restriction in Older Adults—Differential Effects of Weight Loss and Reduced Weight on Brain Structure and Function

2016 ◽  
pp. bhw008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Prehn ◽  
Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg ◽  
Knut Mai ◽  
Ulrike Zeitz ◽  
A. Veronica Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function
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