scholarly journals The looping lullaby: closed-loop neurostimulation decreases sleepers' sensitivity to environmental noise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidushi Pathak ◽  
Elsa Juan ◽  
Reina van der Goot ◽  
Lucia Talamini
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Sound Pulses ◽  
First Time

Study Objective: Sleep is critical for physical and mental health. However, sleep disruption due to noise is a growing problem, causing long-lasting distress and fragilizing entire populations mentally and physically. Here for the first time, we tested an innovative and non-invasive potential countermeasure for sleep disruptions due to noise. Methods: We developed a new, modeling-based, closed-loop acoustic neurostimulation procedure (CLNS) to precisely phase-lock stimuli to slow oscillations (SO). We used CLNS to align, soft sound pulses to the start of the SO positive deflection to boost SO and sleep spindles during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Participants underwent three overnight EEG recordings. The first night served to determine each participant ′s individual noise arousal threshold. The remaining two nights occurred in counterbalanced order: in the Disturbing night, loud, real-life noises were repeatedly presented; in the Intervention night, similar loud noises were played while using the CLNS to boost SO. All experimental manipulations were performed in the first three hours of sleep; participants slept undisturbed for the rest of the night. Results: In contrast to the Disturbing night, the probability of arousals caused by noise was significantly decreased in the Intervention night. Moreover, the CLNS intervention increased NREM duration and sleep spindle power across the night. Conclusions: These results show that our CLNS procedure can effectively protect sleep from disruptions caused by noise. Remarkably, even in the presence of loud environmental noise, CLNS ′ soft and precisely timed sound pulses played a beneficial role in protecting sleep continuity. This represents the first successful attempt at using CLNS in a noisy environment.

scholarly journals Interhemispheric asymmetry during NREM sleep in the dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Reicher ◽  
Anna Kis ◽  
Péter Simor ◽  
Róbert Bódizs ◽  
Márta Gácsi
Keyword(s):  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Interhemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Sleep Recording ◽  
Slow Frequency ◽  
Sleep Cycles

AbstractFunctional hemispheric asymmetry was evidenced in many species during sleep. Dogs seem to show hemispheric asymmetry during wakefulness; however, their asymmetric neural activity during sleep was not yet explored. The present study investigated interhemispheric asymmetry in family dogs using non-invasive polysomnography. EEG recordings during 3-h-long afternoon naps were carried out (N = 19) on two occasions at the same location. Hemispheric asymmetry was assessed during NREM sleep, using bilateral EEG channels. To include periods with high homeostatic sleep pressure and to reduce the variance of the time spent in NREM sleep between dogs, the first two sleep cycles were analysed. Left hemispheric predominance of slow frequency range was detected in the first sleep cycle of sleep recording 1, compared to the baseline level of zero asymmetry as well as to the first sleep cycle of sleep recording 2. Regarding the strength of hemispheric asymmetry, we found greater absolute hemispheric asymmetry in the second sleep cycle of sleep recording 1 and 2 in the frequency ranges of alpha, sigma and beta, compared to the first sleep cycle. Differences between sleep recordings and consecutive sleep cycles might be indicative of adaptation-like processes, but do not closely resemble the results described in humans.

The Utility of Non-invasive Tests for Detection of Previous Proximal-vein Thrombosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (04) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Villalta ◽  
Paolo Prandoni ◽  
Alberto Cogo ◽  
Paola Bagatella ◽  
Andrea Piccioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Popliteal Vein ◽  
Venous Reflux ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Common

SummaryBackground. Despite the availability of several diagnostic methods for the detection of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), the identification of previous episodes of DVT remains a diagnostic challenge.Study objective. To assess the reliability of a combination of a standardized clinical score with three non-invasive tests: compression ultrasonography (CUS), Doppler ultrasound (DUS), and photoplethysmography (PPG), in determining the presence or the absence of previous proximal DVT.Methods. One hundred consecutive unselected outpatients were identified, who had undergone contrast venography six to nine years previously because of the clinical suspicion of DVT (confirmed in 43). They were blindly reinvestigated by a panel of trained operators unaware of venography results. They underwent a clinical evaluation of the lower limb, by applying a standardized score to five symptoms and six signs (grading each item from 0 to 3); a PPG test to determine the venous refilling time; a DUS test to determine the venous reflux separately in the common femoral and the popliteal vein; and a CUS test to determine vein compressibility in the same regions.Results. An abnormal CUS test and/or the demonstration of venous reflux in the popliteal region and/or a high clinical score (≥ 8) identified twenty-four of the 43 (56%) DVT + patients with a specificity of 89%. The combination of normal CUS with the absence of venous reflux in both the common femoral and popliteal vein and a low clinical score excluded previous thrombosis in 45 (79%) of the 57 DVT- patients (negative predictive value, 78%). Abnormal venous reflux in the isolated common femoral vein did not reliably predict the presence or absence of previous DVT. However, this occurred in only 13 (13%) patients. The PPG determination of venous refilling time did not improve the results obtained with the other tests.Conclusions. The combination of a standardized clinical evaluation with the results of CUS and DUS can reliably diagnose or exclude previous proximal-vein thrombosis in almost 90% of patients with previous episodes of suspected DVT.

1066-P: Improvement in Time-in-Range (TIR) with Real-Life Use of Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1066-P
Author(s):  
HALIS K. AKTURK ◽  
DOMINIQUE A. GIORDANO ◽  
HAL JOSEPH ◽  
SATISH K. GARG ◽  
JANET K. SNELL-BERGEON
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Time In Range

scholarly journals Raman spectroscopic detection of interleukin-10 and angiotensin converting enzyme

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Frederieke A. M. van der Mee ◽  
Roel J. Erckens ◽  
Carroll A. B. Webers ◽  
Tos T. J. M. Berendschot
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Confocal Raman ◽  
First Time ◽  
Enzyme Characteristic

AbstractIn this report we present a confocal Raman system to identify the unique spectral features of two proteins, Interleukin-10 and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. Characteristic Raman spectra were successfully acquired and identified for the first time to our knowledge, showing the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive investigation tool for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Endogenous memory reactivation during sleep in humans is clocked by slow oscillation-spindle complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schreiner ◽  
Marit Petzka ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Bernhard P. Staresina
Keyword(s):  
Memory Function ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Stimulus Category ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Surface Eeg ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
Prior Experiences

AbstractSleep is thought to support memory consolidation via reactivation of prior experiences, with particular electrophysiological sleep signatures (slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles) gating the information flow between relevant brain areas. However, empirical evidence for a role of endogenous memory reactivation (i.e., without experimentally delivered memory cues) for consolidation in humans is lacking. Here, we devised a paradigm in which participants acquired associative memories before taking a nap. Multivariate decoding was then used to capture endogenous memory reactivation during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in surface EEG recordings. Our results reveal reactivation of learning material during SO-spindle complexes, with the precision of SO-spindle coupling predicting reactivation strength. Critically, reactivation strength (i.e. classifier evidence in favor of the previously studied stimulus category) in turn predicts the level of consolidation across participants. These results elucidate the memory function of sleep in humans and emphasize the importance of SOs and spindles in clocking endogenous consolidation processes.

scholarly journals Defining successful non‐invasive ventilation initiation: Data from a real‐life cohort

Respirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Jolly ◽  
Léa Razakamanantsoa ◽  
Emeline Fresnel ◽  
Zouhaier Gharsallaoui ◽  
Antoine Cuvelier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation

scholarly journals Asymptotic Behavior of a Viscoelastic Fluid in a Closed Loop Thermosyphon: Physical Derivation, Asymptotic Analysis, and Numerical Experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Yasappan ◽  
Ángela Jiménez-Casas ◽  
Mario Castro
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Viscoelastic Fluid ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Inertial Manifold ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
First Time

Fluids subject to thermal gradients produce complex behaviors that arise from the competition with gravitational effects. Although such sort of systems have been widely studied in the literature for simple (Newtonian) fluids, the behavior of viscoelastic fluids has not been explored thus far. We present a theoretical study of the dynamics of a Maxwell viscoelastic fluid in a closed-loop thermosyphon. This sort of fluid presents elastic-like behavior and memory effects. We study the asymptotic properties of the fluid inside the thermosyphon and the exact equations of motion in the inertial manifold that characterizes the asymptotic behavior. We derive, for the first time, the mathematical derivations of the motion of a viscoelastic fluid in the interior of a closed-loop thermosyphon under the effects of natural convection and a given external temperature gradient.

SET STABILIZATION OF A MODIFIED CHUA'S CIRCUIT

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 567-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIHUA LI ◽  
YU-PING TIAN
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Lyapunov Stability ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Invariant Set ◽  
Linear Feedback ◽  
Chua’S Circuit ◽  
Chua's Circuit ◽  
Linear Feedback Controller ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
First Time

In this paper, we develop a simple linear feedback controller, which employs only one of the states of the system, to stabilize the modified Chua's circuit to an invariant set which consists of its nontrivial equilibria. Moreover, we show for the first time that the closed loop modified Chua's circuit satisfies set stability which can be considered as a generalization of common Lyapunov stability of an equilibrium point. Simulation results are presented to verify our method.

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