scholarly journals Topological morphogenesis of neuroepithelial organoids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ishihara ◽  
Arghyadip Mukherjee ◽  
Elena Gromberg ◽  
Jan Brugues ◽  
Elly Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Parameter ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Quantitative Microscopy ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Organ Morphogenesis ◽  
Epithelial Fusion ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical Principles

Animal organs exhibit complex topologies involving cavities and tubular networks, which underlie their form and function. However, how topology emerges during organ morphogenesis remains elusive. Here, we combine tissue reconstitution and quantitative microscopy to show that trans and cis epithelial fusion govern tissue topology and shape. These two modes of topological transitions can be regulated in neuroepithelial organoids, leading to divergent topologies. The morphological space can be captured by a single control parameter which is analogous to the reduced Gaussian rigidity of an epithelial surface. Finally, we identify a pharmacologically accessible pathway that regulates the frequency of trans and cis fusion, and demonstrate the control of organoid topology and shape. The physical principles uncovered here provide fundamental insights into the self-organization of complex tissues.

New Approach for Researching Forest Ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 3384-3389
Author(s):  
Zai Qiang Huo ◽  
Xue Qun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Edge Of Chaos ◽  
And Function ◽  
Research Frontiers

It is valuable to be researched in the application of science of complexity to the forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystem is an adaptive complex system which is suggested to be at the edge of chaos or at the criticality. The inner interaction of a forest ecosystem is the main driving force for the self-organization, complexity and order in the forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystem complexity is one of the research frontiers of ecological and evolutionary problems presently. The application of science of complexity to the forest ecosystem complexity studies, its concept, background, methodology and theory are briefly introduced. The forest ecosystem complexity is defined as the structure and function diversity, self-organization and the order of an ecosystem. Its main methods include the cellular automaton, genetic algorithm, game theory, complex network, etc. This paper has discussed mechanism and development of forest ecosystem complexity, by applying the principle and methods of science of complexity, which is a new approach for understanding ecological and evolutionary problems.

The Form and Function of DialecticalCinécriturein Beckett'sCompany

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
The Self ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Deep Focus ◽  
And Function

In this essay I argue that throughout Company Beckett adopts the technique of dialectical montage, which he encountered in the work of Eisenstein, to create a radically new autographical form of transmedial cinécriture. I suggest that this cinécriture enables Beckett not only intellectually to communicate the provisionality of self to readers, but also bodily to engage readers in a dialectical dynamic by which they directly experience the self for what it really is: an always-provisional synthesis in an always-provisional time and space. I begin the essay by considering the motivating factors that may have compelled Beckett to combine elements of film, radio, and prose in the late 1970s, after decades of resisting transmedial adaptations. I then examine the form and function of dialectical montage and constructive editing in Company. Next, I outline the form and function of intellectual montage and deep-focus space-time throughout the text and, in particular, in the penultimate watch sequence. Finally, I elaborate upon the ethical implications of the dialectic that these techniques set in motion.

On Growth, Form, and Function—A Fantasia on the Design of a Mammal

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Iberall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Living System ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Entire Class ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Physical Essence ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
And Function ◽  
Biological Organisms

The development of a system’s biology, as a common construct for both physiologist and engineer, requires both a theory of structures (form) and a theory of dynamics (function). A dynamic organizing principle—“homeokinesis”—for the living system was proposed earlier. Based on thermodynamic reasoning, homeokinesis attempts to capture the physical essence of homeostasis. Now, a primitive foundation is proposed from which a large family of design characteristics might emerge, by self-organization, in complex biological organisms. This foundation is directed at the emergence of major form parameters of the entire class of mammalia, from 3 gm adult shrews to 100,000 kg whales.

scholarly journals MOTIVASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMELIHARA DAN MEMPERTAHANKAN GIGI

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Lendrawati Lendrawati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
The Self ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Know How ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Tooth Form ◽  
And Function

Motivation is a fundamental impulse that drives a person to behave in undertaking activities that are expected. Motivation as a concept that is used when the self emerged a desire and drive or direct behavior. The higher the intensity the higher the motivation of behavior. Maintaining a fixed gear means an action to prevent tooth decay, dental care for the sick and restoring damaged teeth and abnormalities of the hard and soft tissues to restore tooth form and function, aesthetic value and protection of the supporting tissues of the teeth and maintaining teeth as long as possible in the oral cavity. Knowledge of dental disease is important to know how to maintain healthy teeth to increase the motivation to maintain one's teeth Knowledge gained will form the attitude is a predisposition for sustaining behavior teeth.

Emerson’s Operative Mood

Xenocitizens ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Jason Berger
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Universal Reason

This chapter reexamines Ralph Waldo Emerson’s early thinking about the relation of the individual to universal Reason, revealing that Emerson’s writing is philosophically consistent in its insistence that the human self is “operative” in form and function. Shifting our conceptual perspective from a traditional Matthiessenian notion of an “optative mood” to something of a Badiouian “operative mood” opens up new ways to consider how, across the early works, the Emersonian self is shaped by interactions with an impersonal Other as well as the ways these interactions influence the self’s relation to historical landscapes. Intervening in scholarship on Emersonian personhood by scholars such as Sharon Cameron, Branka Arsić, and Donald Pease, this chapter offers an original version of Emerson’s political vision, one that finds in his theory of “religious sentiment” a model for the self that may reframe all of Emerson’s corpus.

scholarly journals Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Tissue Self-Organization

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Kelvin W. Pond ◽  
Konstantin Doubrovinski ◽  
Curtis A. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Wnt Proteins ◽  
Tissue Patterning ◽  
And Function ◽  
Type Specification ◽  
Tissue Form

Across metazoans, animal body structures and tissues exist in robust patterns that arise seemingly out of stochasticity of a few early cells in the embryo. These patterns ensure proper tissue form and function during early embryogenesis, development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Fundamental questions are how these patterns are generated and maintained during tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Though fascinating scientists for generations, these ideas remain poorly understood. Today, it is apparent that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a central role in tissue patterning. Wnt proteins are small diffusible morphogens which are essential for cell type specification and patterning of tissues. In this review, we highlight several mechanisms described where the spatial properties of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are controlled, allowing them to work in combination with other diffusible molecules to control tissue patterning. We discuss examples of this self-patterning behavior during development and adult tissues’ maintenance. The combination of new physiological culture systems, mathematical approaches, and synthetic biology will continue to fuel discoveries about how tissues are patterned. These insights are critical for understanding the intricate interplay of core patterning signals and how they become disrupted in disease.

scholarly journals Specialized Adhesive Pad of a Climbing Pteridosperm from Permian Peat-Forming Forest (Wuda, Inner Mongolia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Zhukun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Adhesive Pads ◽  
Cathaysia Flora ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractCertain pteridosperm tendril adhesive pads are depicted from the Cathaysian flora of the Early Permian Taiyuan Formation of Wuda Coal-field in Inner Mongolia China. Specimens contain elliptical or rounded pads situating at the swollen tip of pinnule lobe tendrils which are highly comparable to those of the extant Parthenocissus tricuspidata in the way that both of them are similar in form and function. Specifically, information we have gained suggested that pteridosperms from the Permian might have performed a similar type of physiological process by producing some chemical substances which assisted them in climbing. The Wuda pteridosperm likely to climbed on Cordaites or Sigillaria trees. Moreover, physical principles such as the pressure difference between inside and outside of the pads also seems to play an important role in assisting climbing. The new finding indicates that some pteridosperms in the Permian Cathaysian flora possessed climbing growth habit as well as those in the Late Carboniferous Euramerica Flora, where climbing/scrambling growth habit is well known in the coal swamp forests. This finding shows one of the several earliest climbing habits in Cathaysia Flora and thus remarkably promotes our understanding of the growth habit of pteridosperm and the change in plant community structure in that area.

scholarly journals MOTIVASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMELIHARA DAN MEMPERTAHANKAN GIGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Lendrawati Lendrawati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
The Self ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Know How ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Tooth Form ◽  
And Function

Motivation is a fundamental impulse that drives a person to behave in undertaking activities that are expected. Motivation as a concept that is used when the self emerged a desire and drive or direct behavior. The higher the intensity the higher the motivation of behavior. Maintaining a fixed gear means an action to prevent tooth decay, dental care for the sick and restoring damaged teeth and abnormalities of the hard and soft tissues to restore tooth form and function, aesthetic value and protection of the supporting tissues of the teeth and maintaining teeth as long as possible in the oral cavity. Knowledge of dental disease is important to know how to maintain healthy teeth to increase the motivation to maintain one's teeth Knowledge gained will form the attitude is a predisposition for sustaining behavior teeth.

Cultures and Selves

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Rose Markus ◽  
Shinobu Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function

The study of culture and self casts psychology’s understanding of the self, identity, or agency as central to the analysis and interpretation of behavior and demonstrates that cultures and selves define and build upon each other in an ongoing cycle of mutual constitution. In a selective review of theoretical and empirical work, we define self and what the self does, define culture and how it constitutes the self (and vice versa), define independence and interdependence and determine how they shape psychological functioning, and examine the continuing challenges and controversies in the study of culture and self. We propose that a self is the “me” at the center of experience—a continually developing sense of awareness and agency that guides actions and takes shape as the individual, both brain and body, becomes attuned to various environments. Selves incorporate the patterning of their various environments and thus confer particular and culture-specific form and function to the psychological processes they organize (e.g., attention, perception, cognition, emotion, motivation, interpersonal relationship, group). In turn, as selves engage with their sociocultural contexts, they reinforce and sometimes change the ideas, practices, and institutions of these environments.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

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