scholarly journals The role of viscoelasticity in long-time cell rearrangement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic ◽  
Milan Milivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Surface Tension Force ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Tissue Stiffness ◽  
Free Expansion ◽  
Cell Rearrangement ◽  
Mechanical Waves ◽  
Rheological Modeling

Although collective cell migration (CCM) is a highly coordinated and ordered migratory mode, perturbations in the form of mechanical waves appear even in 2D. These perturbations caused by the viscoelastic nature of cell rearrangement are involved in various biological processes, such as embryogenesis, wound healing and cancer invasion. The mechanical waves, as a product of the active turbulence occurred at low Reynolds number, represent an oscillatory change in cell velocity and the relevant rheological parameters. The velocity oscillations, in the form of forward and backward flows, are driven by: viscoelastic force, surface tension force, and traction force. The viscoelastic force represents a consequence of inhomogeneous distribution of cell residual stress accumulated during CCM. This cause-consequence relation is considered on a model system such as the cell monolayer free expansion. The collision of forward and backward flows causes an increase in cell packing density which has a feedback impact on the tissue viscoelasticity and on that base influences the tissue stiffness. The evidence of how the tissue stiffness is changed near the cell jamming is conflicting. To fill this gap, we discussed the density driven change in the tissue viscoelasticity by accounting for the cell pseudo-phase transition from active (contractile) to passive (non-contractile) state appeared near cell jamming in the rheological modeling consideration.

scholarly journals Actin-ring segment switching drives nonadhesive gap closure

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (52) ◽  
pp. 33263-33271
Author(s):  
Qiong Wei ◽  
Xuechen Shi ◽  
Tiankai Zhao ◽  
Pingqiang Cai ◽  
Tianwu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Actin Ring ◽  
Purse String ◽  
Actin Cable ◽  
Gap Closure ◽  
Actin Fiber ◽  
Ring Segment ◽  
Cable Segment

Gap closure to eliminate physical discontinuities and restore tissue integrity is a fundamental process in normal development and repair of damaged tissues and organs. Here, we demonstrate a nonadhesive gap closure model in which collective cell migration, large-scale actin-network fusion, and purse-string contraction orchestrate to restore the gap. Proliferative pressure drives migrating cells to attach onto the gap front at which a pluricellular actin ring is already assembled. An actin-ring segment switching process then occurs by fusion of actin fibers from the newly attached cells into the actin cable and defusion from the previously lined cells, thereby narrowing the gap. Such actin-cable segment switching occurs favorably at high curvature edges of the gap, yielding size-dependent gap closure. Cellular force microscopies evidence that a persistent rise in the radial component of inward traction force signifies successful actin-cable segment switching. A kinetic model that integrates cell proliferation, actin fiber fusion, and purse-string contraction is formulated to quantitatively account for the gap-closure dynamics. Our data reveal a previously unexplored mechanism in which cells exploit multifaceted strategies in a highly cooperative manner to close nonadhesive gaps.

scholarly journals Integrin α5β1 nano-presentation regulates collective keratinocyte migration independent of substrate rigidity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Di Russo ◽  
Jennifer L. Young ◽  
Julian W. R. Wegner ◽  
Timmy Steins ◽  
Horst Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Integrin Α5β1 ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Fibronectin Receptor ◽  
Substrate Rigidity ◽  
Scale Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Receptors

AbstractNanometer-scale properties of the extracellular matrix influence many biological processes, including cell motility. While much information is available for single cell migration, to date, no knowledge exists on how the nanoscale presentation of extracellular matrix receptors influences collective cell migration. In wound healing, basal keratinocytes collectively migrate on a fibronectin-rich provisional basement membrane to re-epithelialize the injured skin. Among other receptors, the fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1 plays a pivotal role in this process. Using a highly specific integrin α5β1 peptidomimetic combined with nanopatterned hydrogels, we show that keratinocyte sheets regulate their migration ability at an optimal integrin α5β1 nanospacing. This efficiency relies on the effective propagation of stresses within the cell monolayer independent of substrate stiffness. For the first time, this work highlights the importance of extracellular matrix receptor nanoscale organization required for efficient tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Tissue self-organization based on collective cell migration by contact activation of locomotion and chemotaxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 4291-4296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taihei Fujimori ◽  
Akihiko Nakajima ◽  
Nao Shimada ◽  
Satoshi Sawai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
Membrane Recruitment ◽  
Cell Rearrangement ◽  
Cell Protrusion ◽  
Cell Cell

Despite their central role in multicellular organization, navigation rules that dictate cell rearrangement remain largely undefined. Contact between neighboring cells and diffusive attractant molecules are two of the major determinants of tissue-level patterning; however, in most cases, molecular and developmental complexity hinders one from decoding the exact governing rules of individual cell movement. A primordial example of tissue patterning by cell rearrangement is found in the social amoebaDictyostelium discoideumwhere the organizing center or the “tip” self-organizes as a result of sorting of differentiating prestalk and prespore cells. By employing microfluidics and microsphere-based manipulation of navigational cues at the single-cell level, here we uncovered a previously overlooked mode ofDictyosteliumcell migration that is strictly directed by cell–cell contact. The cell–cell contact signal is mediated by E-set Ig-like domain-containing heterophilic adhesion molecules TgrB1/TgrC1 that act in trans to induce plasma membrane recruitment of the SCAR complex and formation of dendritic actin networks, and the resulting cell protrusion competes with those induced by chemoattractant cAMP. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both prestalk and prespore cells can protrude toward the contact signal as well as to chemotax toward cAMP; however, when given both signals, prestalk cells orient toward the chemoattractant, whereas prespore cells choose the contact signal. These data suggest a model of cell sorting by competing juxtacrine and diffusive cues, each with potential to drive its own mode of collective cell migration.

Developing a multi-functional sensor for cell traction force, matrix remodeling and biomechanical assays in self-assembled 3D tissues in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar Emon ◽  
M Saddam H Joy ◽  
M Taher A Saif
Keyword(s):  
Traction Force ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Tissue Stiffness ◽  
Cell Traction ◽  
Primary Fibroblasts ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
Cell Force

Abstract Cell-matrix interactions, mediated by cellular force and matrix remodeling, result in a dynamic reciprocity that drives numerous biological processes and disease progression. Currently, there is no available method for direct quantification cell traction force and matrix remodeling in 3D matrices as a function of time. To address this long-standing need, we recently developed a high-resolution microfabricated sensor1 that measures cell force, tissue-stiffness and can apply mechanical stimulation to the tissue. Here the tissue self-assembles and self-integrates with the sensor. With primary fibroblasts, cancer cells and neurons, we demonstrated the feasibility of the sensor by measuring single/multiple cell force with a resolution of 1 nN, and tissue stiffness1 due to matrix remodeling by the cells. The sensor can be translated into a high-throughput system for clinical assays such as patient-specific drug and phenotypic screening. In this paper, we present the detailed protocol for manufacturing the sensors, preparing experimental setup, developing assays with different tissues, and for imaging and analyzing the data.

Study on rheological properties of aviation lubricating oil under conditions of heavy load, high speed, and high temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
Xiaoli Zhao ◽  
Dezhi Zheng ◽  
Tingjian Wang ◽  
Le Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Rheological Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Loop Control

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the rheological properties of aviation lubricating oil under conditions of heavy load, high speed and high temperature and the applicability of the classical rheological model under severe conditions. Design/methodology/approach A Chinese aviation lubricating oil was used and its traction curves were obtained using a new two-disk tribotester. Its rheological parameters were calculated based on empirical formulae. Moreover, the traction force was calculated based on the classical Eyring rheological model. Findings The traction curves are obtained with respect to contact pressure, temperature and rolling speed. The rheological parameters are significantly influenced by environmental factors, especially viscosity. The traction force calculated using the Eyring model is consistent with the experimental results. Originality/value A novel two-disk tribotester was designed using a gas bearing and speed–force closed-loop control to ensure measurement accuracy. The mechanism of rheological properties was analyzed and the applicability of the classical rheological model under severe conditions was verified. It provided an experimental and theoretical basis for expanding the application of classical rheological models under extreme conditions.

scholarly journals Collective cell migration without proliferation: density determines cell velocity and wave velocity

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 172421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sham Tlili ◽  
Estelle Gauquelin ◽  
Brigitte Li ◽  
Olivier Cardoso ◽  
Benoît Ladoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Tumour Metastasis ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Moving Front

Collective cell migration contributes to embryogenesis, wound healing and tumour metastasis. Cell monolayer migration experiments help in understanding what determines the movement of cells far from the leading edge. Inhibiting cell proliferation limits cell density increase and prevents jamming; we observe long-duration migration and quantify space–time characteristics of the velocity profile over large length scales and time scales. Velocity waves propagate backwards and their frequency depends only on cell density at the moving front. Both cell average velocity and wave velocity increase linearly with the cell effective radius regardless of the distance to the front. Inhibiting lamellipodia decreases cell velocity while waves either disappear or have a lower frequency. Our model combines conservation laws, monolayer mechanical properties and a phenomenological coupling between strain and polarity: advancing cells pull on their followers, which then become polarized. With reasonable values of parameters, this model agrees with several of our experimental observations. Together, our experiments and model disantangle the respective contributions of active velocity and of proliferation in monolayer migration, explain how cells maintain their polarity far from the moving front, and highlight the importance of strain–polarity coupling and density in long-range information propagation.

Analysis of Traction Behavior of the High-Speed Lubricating Grease 7007 by the Correctional T-J Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Bo Yuan Yang ◽  
Gang Qiang Liu ◽  
Bing Su
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Lubricating Grease

The traction behavior of high-speed lubricating grease 7007 was tested on a self-made test rig. The changes of traction coefficients with velocity, temperature and load were got from the experimental results. The rheological parameters were received on the basis of experimental data. The formula of traction force of high-speed lubricating grease 7007 was based on the correctional T-J model. The result shows that the traction coefficients of high-speed lubricating grease 7007 based on correctional T-J mode agree well with the experimental data.

scholarly journals Collective cell migration without proliferation: density determines cell velocity and wave velocity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sham Tlili ◽  
Estelle Gauquelin ◽  
Brigitte Li ◽  
Olivier Cardoso ◽  
Benoît Ladoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Radius ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Parameter Values

AbstractCollective cell migration contributes to morphogenesis, wound healing or tumor metastasis. Culturing epithelial monolayers on a substrate enables to quantify such tissue migration. By using narrow strips, we stabilise the front shape; by inhibiting cell division, we limit density increase and favor steady migration; by using long strips, we observe a confined cell monolayer migrating over days. A coherent collective movement propagates over millimeters; cells spread and density decreases from the monolayer bulk toward the front. Cell velocity (∼micrometer per minute) increases linearly with cell radius, and does not depend explicitly on the distance to the front. Over ten periods of backwards propagating velocity waves, with wavelength ∼millimeter, are detected with a signal-to-noise ratio enabling for quantitative spatio-temporal analysis. Their velocity (∼ten micrometers per minute) is ten times the cell velocity; it increases linearly with the cell radius. Their period (∼two hours) is spatially homogeneous, and increases with the front density. When we inhibit the formation of lamellipodia, cell velocity drops while waves either disappear, or have a smaller amplitude and slower period. Our phenomenological model assumes that both cell and wave velocities are related with the activity of lamellipodia, and that the local stretching in the monolayer bulk modulates traction stresses. We find that parameter values close to the instability limit where waves appear yield qualitative and quantitative predictions compatible with experiments, including the facts that: waves propagate backwards; wave velocity increases with cell radius; lamellipodia inhibition attenuates, slows down or even suppresses the waves. Together, our experiments and modelling evidence the importance of lamellipodia in collective cell migration and waves.

scholarly journals Tissue self-organization based on collective cell migration by contact activation of locomotion and chemotaxis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taihei Fujimori ◽  
Akihiko Nakajima ◽  
Nao Shimada ◽  
Satoshi Sawai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
Cell Rearrangement ◽  
Cell Protrusion ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractDespite their central role in multicellular organization, navigation rules that dictate cell rearrangement remain much to be elucidated. Contact between neighboring cells and diffusive attractant molecules are two of the major determinants of tissue-level patterning, however in most cases, molecular and developmental complexity hinders one from decoding the exact governing rules of individual cell movement. A primordial example of tissue patterning by cell rearrangement is found in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum where the organizing center or the ‘tip’ self-organize as a result of sorting of differentiating prestalk and prespore cells. Due to its relatively simple and conditional multicellularity, the system provides a rare case where the process can be fully dissected into individual cell behavior. By employing microfluidics and microsphere-based manipulation of navigational cues at the single-cell level, here we uncovered a previously overlooked mode of Dictyostelium cell migration that is strictly directed by cell-cell contact. The cell-cell contact signal is mediated by E-set Ig-like domain containing heterophilic adhesion molecules TgrB1/TgrC1 that act in trans to induce plasma membrane recruitment of SCAR complex and formation of dendritic actin networks, and the resulting cell protrusion competes with those induced by chemoattractant cAMP. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both prestalk and prespore cells can protrude towards the contact signal as well as to chemotax towards cAMP, however when given both signals, prestalk cells orient towards the chemoattractant whereas prespore cells choose the contact signal. These data suggest a new model of cell sorting by competing juxtacrine and diffusive cues each with potential to drive its own mode of collective cell migration. The present findings not only resolve the long standing question of how cells sort in Dictyostelium but also cast light on the remarkable parallels in collective cell migration that evolved independently in metazoa and amoebozoa.

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