scholarly journals Cytokine gene polymorphism and parasite susceptibility in free-living rodents: importance of non-coding variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kloch ◽  
Ewa J Mierzejewska ◽  
Renata Welc-Falęciak ◽  
Anna Bajer ◽  
Aleksandra Biedrzycka
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Lymphotoxin Alpha ◽  
Signatures Of Selection ◽  
Coding Variants ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Associations between genetic variants and susceptibility to infections have long been studied in free-living hosts to infer contemporary evolutionary forces shaping genetic polymorphisms of the immunity genes. Despite extensive studies of receptors, such as MHC or TLR, little is known about efferent arm of the immune system. Cytokines are signalling molecules that trigger and modulate the immune response, acting as a crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity. In the present study we investigated how genetic variation in cytokines affects susceptibility to parasitic diseases in bank voles. We focused on three cytokines: tumour necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin alpha (LTα), and interferon beta (IFNβ1). Two SNPs in LTα and two in IFNβ1 significantly affected susceptibility to nematodes, and was of them was also associated with susceptibility to microbial pathogen Bartonella. All these variants displayed signatures of selection. One of the variants was synonymous, and one was located in an intron. Our study shows that cytokines are prone to parasite-driven selection, and non-coding variants may play an important role in susceptibility to infections in wild systems.

scholarly journals 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway, Dendritic Cells, and Adaptive Immunity

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harizi Hedi ◽  
Gualde Norbert
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Lipoxygenase Pathway ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Paracrine Signalling ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
G Protein Coupled

5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway is the major source of potent proinflammatory leukotrienes (LTs) issued from the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), and best known for their roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. These lipid mediators are mainly released from myeloid cells and may act as physiological autocrine and paracrine signalling molecules, and play a central role in regulating the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity. The biological actions of LTs including their immunoregulatory and proinflammatory effects are mediated through extracellular specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Despite their role in inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, LTs may have important effects on dendritic cells (DC)-mediated adaptive immunity. Several lines of evidence show that DC not only are important source of LTs, but also become targets of their actions by producing other lipid mediators and proinflammatory molecules. This review focuses on advances in 5-LO pathway biology, the production of LTs from DC and their role on various cells of immune system and in adaptive immunity.

scholarly journals Cytokine Storm Combined with Humoral Immune Response Defect in Fatal Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Case, Tatarstan, Russia

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Garanina ◽  
Ekaterina Martynova ◽  
Yuriy Davidyuk ◽  
Emmanuel Kabwe ◽  
Konstantin Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic in Tatarstan, where thousands of cases are registered annually. Puumala orthohantavirus is commonly detected in human case samples as well as in captured bank voles, the rodent hosts. The pathogenesis of HFRS is still not well described, although the cytokine storm hypothesis is largely accepted. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of a fatal HFRS case compared with twenty four non-fatal cases where activation of the humoral and cellular immune responses, pro-inflammatory cytokines and disturbed blood coagulation were detected using immunological, histological, genetic and clinical approaches. Multiple organ failure combined with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome and acute renal failure was the cause of death. Decreased Interleukin (IL)-7 and increased IL-18, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-5, stem cell growth factor (SCGF)-b and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) serum levels were found, supporting the cytokine storm hypothesis of hantavirus pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and clinical response to IL-1 blockade

2005 ◽  
Vol 201 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Pascual ◽  
Florence Allantaz ◽  
Edsel Arce ◽  
Marilynn Punaro ◽  
Jacques Banchereau
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Systemic Onset ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) encompasses ∼10% of cases of arthritis that begin in childhood. The disease is unique in terms of clinical manifestations, severity of joint involvement, and lack of response to tumor necrosis factor blockade. Here, we show that serum from SoJIA patients induces the transcription of innate immunity genes, including interleukin (IL)-1 in healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Upon activation, SoJIA PBMCs release large amounts of IL-1β. We administered recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist to nine SoJIA patients who were refractory to other therapies. Complete remission was obtained in seven out of nine patients and a partial response was obtained in the other two patients. We conclude that IL-1 is a major mediator of the inflammatory cascade that underlies SoJIA and that this cytokine represents a target for therapy in this disease.

scholarly journals Zinc, iron, copper, manganese, calcium and magnesium supply status of free-living bank voles

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 555-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Włostowski ◽  
Włodzimierz Chętnicki ◽  
Wiesława Gierłachowska-Bałdyga ◽  
Bożena Chycak
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

scholarly journals Natural selection and genetic diversity in the butterfly Heliconius melpomene

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Henry Martin ◽  
Markus Moest ◽  
Wiliam J Palmer ◽  
Camilo Salazar ◽  
W. Owen McMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Heliconius Melpomene ◽  
Adaptive Diversity ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Signatures Of Selection ◽  
Linked Selection

A combination of selective and neutral evolutionary forces shape patterns of genetic diversity in nature. Among the insects, most previous analyses of the roles of drift and selection in shaping variation across the genome have focused on the genus Drosophila. A more complete understanding of these forces will come from analysing other taxa that differ in population demography and other aspects of biology. We have analysed diversity and signatures of selection in the neotropical Heliconius butterflies using resequenced genomes from 58 wild-caught individuals of H. melpomene, and another 21 resequenced genomes representing 11 related species. By comparing intra-specific diversity and inter-specific divergence, we estimate that 31% of amino acid substitutions between Heliconius species are adaptive. Diversity at putatively neutral sites is negatively correlated with gene density and positively correlated with recombination rate, indicating widespread linked selection. This process also manifests in significantly reduced diversity on longer chromosomes, consistent with lower recombination rates. Genetic hitchhiking around beneficial non-synonymous mutations has also had a significant impact on genetic variation in this species, but evidence for strong selective sweeps was limited overall. We did however identify two regions where distinct haplotypes have swept in different populations, leading to increased population differentiation. On the whole, our study suggests that positive selection is less pervasive in these butterflies as compared to fruit flies; a fact that curiously results in very similar levels of neutral diversity in these very different insects.

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