scholarly journals An 8 week randomized Dietary Guidelines for Americans -based diet intervention improves the omega-3 index of healthy women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Richardson ◽  
Sridevi Krishnan ◽  
Ira J Gray ◽  
Nancy L. Keim ◽  
John W Newman
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Background: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends consuming >1.75g/wk of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through triglyceride reduction, however individual responses to treatment vary. Objective: We sought to determine if a DGA-conforming diet (DGAD) can increase the omega-3 index (OM3I), a diet-sensitive biomarker of omega-3 fatty acid status, into a health promoting range and reduce fasting triglycerides in 8 weeks. We further explored determinants of the basal OM3I and its response to treatment. Design: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind 8wk dietary intervention of overweight/obese women fed an 8d rotating DGAD (n =22) or typical American diet (TAD; n =20) registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02298725. The DGAD and TAD provided individuals with 16 ± 2 g/wk and 1.2 ± 0.12 g/wk of eisocapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. Habitual diet and body composition were determined at baseline. OM3I, fasting triglycerides, glucose and insulin were measured at 0, 2 and 8wk. Results: Baseline OM3I (5.8 ± 1.3; n =42) was positively correlated to the dietary (EPA+DHA):dietary fat ratio (p =0.006), negatively correlated to the android fat mass (p =0.0007) and was not different between diet groups. At 8wk, while the TAD-group average OM3I was unchanged (5.8 ± 0.76), the DGAD-group OM3I increased (7.33 ± 1.36; p <0.001). In the DGAD-group 9 of 22 (i.e. 41%) participants achieving an OM3I >8%. Subgroup analyses of the DGAD-group revealed that body fat content and distribution influenced the baseline-dependent response to treatment. Fasting triglyceride and OM3I changes did not correlate. Conclusions: An 8wk TAD stabilized the OM3I in a healthy range, while a DGAD increased the OM3I into a health-promoting range, but did not reduce fasting triglycerides. Fat distribution and basal omega-3 status are primary factors influencing omega-3 efficacy in overweight/obese women.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled-feeding Trial Based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Does Not Affect Plasma Trimethylamine N-oxide Levels in Women (P08-031-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bennett ◽  
Erik Gertz ◽  
Sridevi Krishnan ◽  
Janet Peerson ◽  
Sean Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Abstract Objectives Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut-mediated metabolite associated with cardiovascular disease. Acute diet challenges demonstrate that circulating TMAO concentrations are diet-responsive; however, long-term trials investigating how different dietary patterns affect circulating TMAO concentrations are sparse. The objective of the current study was to determine whether consumption of a diet patterned after the USDA's 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), as compared to the typical American Diet (TAD), would reduce plasma TMAO levels. Methods A randomized, double-blind, controlled 8-wk intervention was conducted in overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia. Women were randomly assigned to the DGA or TAD group (n = 28 DGA and 24 TAD). The TAD diet was based on average adult intake from the NHANES 2009–2010. All foods and beverages were provided during the intervention and matched to each participant's energy requirement to ensure maintenance of initial body weight.Plasma samples were collected at baseline, 1 wk of their typical diet, and after 2 and 8 weeks of dietary intervention, in an overnight-fasted condition, and utilized to quantitate circulating TMAO concentrations using stable isotope dilution chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis were performed in SAS using analysis of covariance and partial correlation. Results Following 2 or 8 weeks of dietary intervention, plasma TMAO concentrations were not different between the DGA and TAD diets (3.45 ± 0.41 vs 2.91 ± 0.38 μM at week 2; 3.48 ± 0.41 vs 3.00 ± 0.40 μM at week 8, Mean ± SE, respectively). Post-intervention TMAO concentration was correlated to initial TMAO concentrations and body mass index but not age. Furthermore, we did not observe significant correlations between TMAO and measures of endothelial function (Endopat) or insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) which may reflect the relative health of the overall population enrolled in the study. Conclusions Consumption of a diet based on the USDA's 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americansfor 8 weeks did not reduce plasma TMAO levels in this study. Funding Sources Supported by National Dairy Council; Campbell Soup Co.; USDA-ARS Projects 2032-51530-022-00D and 6026-51000-010-05S.

scholarly journals Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity Attenuates Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation During Pregnancy

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Monthé-Drèze ◽  
Annie Penfield-Cyr ◽  
Marcela Smid ◽  
Sarbattama Sen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Maternal Fetal Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Maternal obesity is associated with adverse offspring outcomes. Inflammation and deficiency of anti-inflammatory nutrients like omega(n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may contribute to these associations. Fetal supply of n-3 PUFA is dependent on maternal levels and studies have suggested that improved offspring outcomes are associated with higher maternal intake. However, little is known about how maternal obesity affects the response to n-3 supplementation during pregnancy. We sought to determine (1) the associations of obesity with PUFA concentrations and (2) if the systemic response to n-3 supplementation differs by body mass index (BMI). This was a secondary analysis of 556 participants (46% lean, 28% obese) in the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network trial of n-3 (Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) supplementation, in which participants had 2g/day of n-3 (n = 278) or placebo (n = 278) from 19 to 22 weeks until delivery. At baseline, obese women had higher plasma n-6 arachidonic acid concentrations (β: 0.96% total fatty acids; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.13, 1.79) and n-6/n-3 ratio (β: 0.26 unit; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.48) compared to lean women. In the adjusted analysis, women in all BMI groups had higher n-3 concentrations following supplementation, although obese women had attenuated changes (β = −2.04%, CI: −3.19, −0.90, interaction p = 0.000) compared to lean women, resulting in a 50% difference in the effect size. Similarly, obese women also had an attenuated reduction (β = 0.94 units, CI: 0.40, 1.47, interaction p = 0.046) in the n-6/n-3 ratio (marker of inflammatory status), which was 65% lower compared to lean women. Obesity is associated with higher inflammation and with an attenuated response to n-3 supplementation in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Free-Living Dietary Intervention Studies: Theory-Based Protocols to Improve Subject Compliance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1282-1282
Author(s):  
Priscilla Macias ◽  
Celine Heskey
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Abstract Objectives Subject compliance in free-living dietary intervention studies is difficult to achieve. Published studies suggest various theoretically based strategies that can be used to improve compliance. Methods A weight-management dietary intervention for free-living subjects, based on a vegetarian dietary pattern, was created. Development of 7-day menus was conducted using McGraw Hills’ NutritionCalc Plus software. Menus utilized a framework from the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans’ Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern (macronutrient ratios and food group servings). A literature review was conducted to identify various counseling and technology strategies that may be effective at increasing subject compliance with their assigned study diet. The findings of the literature review was used to create study protocols. Protocol development for a food demonstration was also explored. Results A 1-week menu cycle for a vegetarian diet intervention was created, including a set of menus each for 1200,1800, and 2000 calories levels. The menus are inclusive of foods and portions that meet the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Three study protocols were developed for strategies that may improve subject compliance: 1. A nutrition counseling protocol based on motivational interviewing; 2. A technology protocol on use of a dietary-self monitoring app; and 3. A food demonstration protocol highlighting vegetarian recipes. The protocols are designed to be used by study clinicians/dietitians in future intervention studies. Conclusions Theory-based protocols can be used to develop standardized protocols for research studies. These protocols theoretically may help to improve subject compliance. Funding Sources NIH BUILD PODER.

scholarly journals Pregnant Women in Louisiana Are Not Meeting Dietary Seafood Recommendations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Drewery ◽  
A. V. Gaitán ◽  
C. Thaxton ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
C. J. Lammi-Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Long Chain

Background. The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that pregnant women and women of childbearing ages consume 8–12 oz. of seafood per week. Fish are the major dietary source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have benefits for the mother and fetus.Methods. In this observational study, we investigated dietary habits of pregnant women in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, to determine if they achieve recommended seafood intake. A print survey, which included commonly consumed foods from protein sources (beef, chicken, pork, and fish), was completed by pregnant women at a single-day hospital convention for expecting families in October 2015. Women (n=221) chose from six predefined responses to answer how frequently they were consuming each food.Results. Chicken was consumed most frequently (75% of women), followed by beef (71%), pork (65%), and fish (22%), respectively. Consumption frequency for the most consumed fish (catfish, once per month) was similar to or lower than that of the least consumed beef, chicken, and pork foods. Consumption frequency for the most consumed chicken and beef foods was at least once per week.Conclusion. Our data indicate that pregnant women in Louisiana often consume protein sources other than fish and likely fail to meet dietary seafood recommendations.

scholarly journals Chia Seed Oil Intake: Is It Beneficial for Preventing Cardiovascular Risk Factors?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Susana Jerez ◽  
Analía Medina ◽  
Gabriela Alarcón ◽  
Liliana Sierra ◽  
Mirta Medina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Chia Seed

Cold-pressed chia seed oils (ChO) are known for their health-promoting characteristics due to their high content of omega-3 α-linolenic acid (ω-3 ALA). We investigated the influence of ChO supplementation as a functional food on animal models of the cardiovascular risk factors hypercholesterolemia and metabolic syndrome (MS). Dietary intervention with ChO (equivalent to 4.8 g ALA per day) was found to improve vascular dysfunction and mitigate the rise in plasma triglyceride (TG) levels under hypercholesterolemic conditions. However, impaired glucose tolerance was found in control ChO-treated animals. In order to verify whether the effects of chia seed are the same as that of ChO, we replaced ChO with an equivalent amount of seed. Glucose intolerance was found once again. For this reason, we carried out a new study in which ChO intake was reduced to 3 g ALA per day, and no alterations were observed in such conditions. Thus, dietary intervention with ChO equivalent to 3 g ALA intake per day was chosen to analyze the effects on the alterations that characterize high-fat diet-induced MS. ChO supplementation lowered the ω-6/ω-3 ratio, TG, blood pressure and improved endothelial function. Nevertheless, ChO worsened the high-fat diet’s deleterious effects on visceral abdominal fat, fasting glucose and glucose tolerance. Our results support the view that dietary guidelines for treating patients with hypercholesterolemia or MS must be carefully planned in such a way that the incorporation of ChO into the diet should be controlled and nutritional background be considered.

scholarly journals Diet Quality of Long-Term Allogeneic and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (HCT) Survivors

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4565-4565
Author(s):  
Nosha Farhadfar ◽  
Debra Lynch Kelly ◽  
Lacey E. Mead ◽  
Shalini Nair ◽  
Randy A. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Quality Diet

Introduction Long-term hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) survivors are burdened by a high prevalence and early onset of chronic diseases. Healthy dietary patterns have been associated with lower risks of chronic health conditions in the general population, yet no study to date has comprehensively documented the adherence of HCT survivors to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), specifically designed to provide guidance for making healthy food choices. The aims of this study were to evaluate the extent to which HCT survivors adhere to the DGA and to determine nutrient intake adequacy. A secondary aim was to assess their willingness to take part in a future nutritional program or dietary intervention. Methods The study population included adults (≥18 y), who had undergone autologous or allogeneic HCT for a hematologic disease and were at least 1-year post-transplantation. Dietary intake was assessed using the Block 2014 food frequency questionnaire and diet quality (adherence to the DGA) was estimated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). A HEI score of ≤50 indicates "poor diet quality", 51-80 suggests a "diet that needs improvement", and >81 indicates "good diet quality" out of maximum of 100. HEI-2015 scores by patient and transplant characteristics were analyzed by ANCOVA. Nutrient intake adequacies of the group were estimated by determining the percentage of the group falling below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of the Dietary Reference Intakes. Receptivity to participate in a dietary intervention to stay healthy was measured by the question, "How willing would you be to take part in a healthy nutrition program or diet intervention?" Response categories included, "not at all," "somewhat," and "definitely". Results Between December 2017 and September 2018, 124 survivors were invited to participate, of whom 90 (51 autologous and 39 allogeneic HCT survivors) completed the dietary intake assessment and were included in the analysis. Majority were male (56%), White (72%), married (81%) and completed some college education (57%). Most participants were overweight (34%) or obese (37%). The median time from the HCT was 5.2 years. Mean ±SE HEI-2015 scores were 61.6 ± 1.3 and 60.7 ± 2.2 for the 18-64 y and ≥65 y age groups, respectively, slightly higher than the US general population. Adherence to a good quality diet was reported by only 10% of survivors. The majority of the survivors reported a diet in need of improvement (82%) or a poor-quality diet (8%). Intakes of vitamin A (720 ± 447 mcg/d), vitamin C (82 ± 73 mg/d), vitamin D (4.4 ± 3.4 mcg/d), magnesium (253 ± 133 mg/d), and calcium (781 ± 430 mg/d) suggested inadequacy, as more than 50% of the group fell below the specific EARs. Sodium intake at 2834 ± 1345 mg/d exceeded the DGA recommendation of 2300 mg/d. Fiber intake at 8.9 g per 1000 kcal/d was significantly below the Adequate Intake of 14 g per 1000 kcal/d. "Change in taste" was the only variable associated with lower quality of diet (p=0.02). Interestingly, 29% of HCT survivors reported persistent altered taste sensation. No significant relationships were seen for participant's demographics and diet quality which may be due to a sample population skewed toward older, causations and socioeconomically advantaged individuals. More than two thirds of participants (73%) indicated an interest in participating in dietary intervention. HCT survivors within 2 years of transplant were more likely to be receptive to participation in a diet intervention study compared to survivors beyond 2 years (52% vs 28%, p=0.0013). Conclusion Adult HCT survivors report poor adherence to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and have numerous short-fall nutrient intakes. However, the willingness to participate in a nutritional program or dietary intervention in this survivorship population was relatively high. These findings reinforce the need to incorporate nutrition into HCT survivor care. Disclosures Wingard: Celgene: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Shire: Consultancy; Ansun: Consultancy; Pluristem: Consultancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document