scholarly journals The effects of communicating uncertainty around statistics on public trust: an international study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Kerr ◽  
Anne Marthe van der Bles ◽  
Claudia Schneider ◽  
Sarah Dryhurst ◽  
Vivien Chopurian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Study ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Statistical Uncertainty ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Mere Existence

A growing body of research indicates that transparent communication of statistical uncertainty around facts and figures does not undermine credibility. However, the extent to which these findings apply in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic--rife with uncertainties--is unclear. In a large international survey experiment, (Study 1; N = 10,519) we report that communicating uncertainty around COVID-19 statistics in the form of a numeric range (vs. no uncertainty) may lead to slightly lower trust in the number presented but has no impact on trust in the source of the information. We also report the minimal impact of numeric uncertainty on trust is consistent across estimates of current or future COVID-19 statistics (Study 2) and figures relating to environmental or economic research, rather than the pandemic (Study 3). Conversely, we find imprecise statements about the mere existence of uncertainty without quantification can undermine both trust in the numbers and their source--though effects vary across countries and contexts. Communicators can be transparent about statistical uncertainty without concerns about undermining perceptions of their trustworthiness, but ideally should aim to use numerical ranges rather than verbal statements.

Millennial researchers in a metric-driven scholarly world: An international study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nicholas ◽  
Eti Herman ◽  
Hamid R Jamali ◽  
Abdullah Abrizah ◽  
Cherifa Boukacem-Zeghmouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
International Study ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Early Career ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Scholarly Communications ◽  
Waking Up

Abstract The study Investigates the attitudes and practices of early career researchers (ECRs) in regard to citation-based metrics and altmetrics, providing the findings in the light of what might be expected of the millennial generation and in the context of what we already know about researchers in today’s ‘culture of counting’ governed scholarly world. The data were gathered by means of an international survey, informed by a preceding, 3-year qualitative study of 120 ECRs from 7 countries, which obtained 1,600 responses. The main conclusions are: 1, citation indicators play a central and multi-purpose role in scholarly communications; 2, altmetrics are not so popular or widely used, but ECRs are waking up to some of their merits, most notably, discovering the extent to which their papers obtain traction and monitoring impact; 3, there is a strong likelihood that ECRs are going to have to grapple with both citation-based metrics and altmetrics, mainly in order to demonstrate research impact; 4, the Chinese are the most metric using nation, largely because of governmental regulations.

Coping as a Mediation Mechanism Between Severity of Spectator Dysfunctional Behavior and Revisit Intention: The Moderating Effects of Self-Construal in Sport Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Kyungyeol (Anthony) Kim ◽  
Kevin K. Byon ◽  
Paul M. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Primary Appraisal ◽  
Dysfunctional Behavior ◽  
Revisit Intention ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Secondary Appraisal

The stress and coping theory posits that in the face of negative consumption situations, individuals experience a sequential process: primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and behavioral outcomes. Drawing on the theory, the purpose of the study is to test (a) the mediating effects of coping strategies (i.e., secondary appraisal) between the severity of spectator dysfunctional behavior (SDB; i.e., primary appraisal) and revisit intention and (b) the moderating effects of self-construal (i.e., interdependence vs. independence). Across two studies, using a survey experiment (Study 1) and a repeated-measures survey experiment (Study 2), the findings indicate that coping strategies (i.e., active, expressive, and denial coping) significantly and uniquely mediated the relationship between the severity of SDB (high vs. low) and revisit intention. Furthermore, in responding to highly severe SDB, spectators with interdependent self-construal engaged more in active and expressive coping, and less in denial coping and revisit intention than those with independent self-construal. Overall, the present study highlights (a) the importance of coping strategies for a clearer understanding of the SDB–revisit intention relationship and (b) a boundary condition of self-construal for the influences of SDB on coping strategies and revisit intention.

The dynamics of attitudes towards hygiene after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic — results of an international study

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
International Study ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Consumer Healthcare

GSK Consumer Healthcare and IPSOS conducted an international survey to examine how people in different countries changed their lifestyle as well as health and hygiene habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous respondents reported more frequent mouthwash usage, brushing their teeth, washing their face and hands.

scholarly journals Measuring disturbance at swift breeding colonies due to the visual aspects of a drone: a quasi-experiment study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geison P Mesquita ◽  
José D Rodríguez-Teijeiro ◽  
Serge A Wich ◽  
Margarita Mulero-Pázmány
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Site ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Quasi Experiment Study ◽  
Quasi Experiment

Abstract There is a growing body of research indicating that drones can disturb animals. However, it is usually unclear whether the disturbance is due to visual or auditory cues. Here, we examined the effect of drone flights on the behavior of great dusky swifts Cypseloides senex and white-collared swifts Streptoprocne zonaris in 2 breeding sites where drone noise was obscured by environmental noise from waterfalls and any disturbance must be largely visual. We performed 12 experimental flights with a multirotor drone at different vertical, horizontal, and diagonal distances from the colonies. From all flights, 17% caused <1% of birds to temporarily abandon the breeding site, 50% caused half to abandon, and 33% caused more than half to abandon. We found that the diagonal distance explained 98.9% of the variability of the disturbance percentage and while at distances >50 m the disturbance percentage does not exceed 20%, at <40 m the disturbance percentage increase to > 60%. We recommend that flights with a multirotor drone during the breeding period should be conducted at a distance of >50 m and that recreational flights should be discouraged or conducted at larger distances (e.g. 100 m) in nesting birds areas such as waterfalls, canyons, and caves.

scholarly journals Financial reporting transparency, citizens' understanding, and public participation: a survey experiment study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Langella ◽  
Eugenio Anessi Pessina ◽  
Nives Botica Redmayne ◽  
Mariafrancesca Sicilia
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Experiment Study

Electronic Voting and Perceptions of Election Fraud and Fairness

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Political Polarization ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Voter Suppression ◽  
Voting Technology ◽  
Election Fraud ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper contributes to a growing body of research on voting technology and voter confidence, which generally concludes that voters are less confident in technology—particularly in developed democracies. Using a unique survey experiment, this paper demonstrates that far fewer individuals are concerned about election fraud involving electronic voting, compared with other potential forms of election fraud such as registering ineligible voters or voter suppression. Other interesting findings emerge from the data: Older individuals are more concerned about fraud with electronic voting but the effects of age appear to be conditioned on political polarization. This paper advances our understanding of the impact of voting technology on electoral confidence, and raises important substantive and methodological questions about priming.

scholarly journals Challenges of personal protective equipment use among ophthalmologists during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter international study

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110280
Author(s):  
Doaa Maamoun Ashour ◽  
Rania Serag Elkitkat ◽  
Hesham Gabr ◽  
Mostafa Yosef ◽  
Dilraj Singh Grewal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
International Study ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Ophthalmic Examination ◽  
Examination Time ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Usa

Purpose: To explore the possible challenges and difficulties of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in ophthalmic practice during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This is a multicenter, international survey among practicing ophthalmologists across different countries. The survey was conducted from September 9th to October 24th, 2020. It included a total of 23 questions that navigated through the currently adopted recommendations in different clinical situations. The survey also assessed the convenience of using various PPE in ophthalmic practice and addressed the clarity of the examination field while using various PPE during clinical or surgical procedures. Results: One hundred and seventy-two ophthalmologists completed the survey (101 from Egypt, 50 from the USA, and 21 from four other countries). The analysis of the responses showed that most ophthalmologists use face masks without significant problems during their examinations, while face shields followed by protective goggles were the most inconvenient PPE in the current ophthalmic practice. Moreover, most of the participants (133, 77.3%) noticed an increase in their examination time when using PPE. Furthermore, a considerable percentage of the respondents (70, 40.7%) stopped using one or more of the PPE due to inconvenience or discomfort. Conclusions: Due to the unique nature of the ophthalmic examination, certain PPE are not ophthalmologist-friendly. Innovative PPE should be tailored for prompt, more convenient, and clearer ophthalmological practice.

Intensity Of Therapeutic Range And Mean Anticoagulant Dosage Prescribed: An International Study

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Poller ◽  
D A Taberner
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
International Study ◽  
International Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Parts

It has been suggested that anticoagulant dosage requirements vary in different parts of the world. An international survey on anticoagulant dosage involving over 500 laboratories was performed employing a questionnaire on the mean daily anticoagulant dosage of 20 stabilised patients. Replies received show a considerable variation in dosage between countries.In order to further investigate the influence of the intensity of the therapeutic range on local dosage differences, participants were asked to assess a lyophilised human coumarin plasma sample. Most agreed that the plasma was adequately anticoagulated. However, laboratories finding the plasma overdosed were prescribing a lower mean anticoagulant dosage than those laboratories finding the plasma underdosed. This suggests that some of the differences in dosage between laboratories may be accounted for by the varying intensities of the therapeutic ranges used in the different countries.

PHILOSOPHY OF THE PROFESSION IN THE STRUCTURE OF SCHOOLTEACHER PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY IN LATVIAN AND RUSSIAN SAMPLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Jelena Jermolajeva ◽  
Tatiana Bogdanova ◽  
Svetlana Silchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
International Study ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Teacher Professional Identity ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Support

The article presents the results of the international study of the professional identity (PI) of schoolteachers of Russia and Latvia. The six component model of the content of the PI is used in the study. According to this model, the questionnaire “School Teacher Professional Identity” was created and international survey organized in 2017, in which 433 schoolteachers from Latvia and the Smolensk region of Russia participated. The aim of this article is to analyze the data of two national samples for the first component of the schoolteacher PI: Philosophy of the Profession. The data in both samples show very high support for the basic values and beliefs of the profession. The answers of the teachers of the two countries are well agreed, however certain differences in the data of Latvian and Russian teachers are observed. Some problems of the schoolteacher PI are identified that require attention of teachers, school administrators and education officials.

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