scholarly journals The effects of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, pregnancy smoking and alcohol consumption on molar-incisor hypomineralisation: A negative control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qui-Yi Lim ◽  
Kurt Taylor ◽  
Tom Dudding
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Smoking ◽  
Residual Confounding ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
Incisor Hypomineralisation

Objectives: (1) To explore the associations between modifiable maternal pregnancy exposures: pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), pregnancy smoking and alcohol consumption with offspring molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). (2) To explore for the presence of residual confounding using negative control analyses. Methods: This study used data from Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK prospective birth cohort. We defined offspring MIH using prospectively collected questionnaire data. We used logistic regression to explore confounder adjusted associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy with MIH. We included negative control exposure (paternal BMI, smoking and alcohol around the time of pregnancy) and outcome (offspring dental trauma) analyses to explore for the presence of residual confounding. Results: 5536 mother/offspring pairs were included (297 MIH cases [5.4%]). We found a positive association between maternal mean BMI and offspring MIH (OR per 1‐kg/m2 difference in maternal BMI: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.08). In subsequent analyses, we found evidence that this effect was non-linear and being driven by women in the highest BMI quintiles. In negative control analyses, we found no evidence of association between paternal BMI and offspring MIH (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.00) and maternal BMI and offspring dental trauma (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.02). There was no clear evidence of an association for maternal pregnancy smoking (OR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.46, 1.22) and alcohol consumption (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.56, 1.21) with offspring MIH with results imprecisely estimated. Conclusion: In summary we found evidence of a possible intrauterine effect of high maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on offspring MIH. We did not find robust evidence for an intrauterine effect of maternal pregnancy smoking or alcohol consumption on offspring MIH. Our findings provide further support for women of reproductive age to maintain a healthy weight. Future studies are warranted to explore possible mechanisms on how the pregnancy environment may relate to offspring MIH.

scholarly journals Effect of Maternal Prepregnancy/Early‐Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Smoking and Alcohol on Congenital Heart Diseases: A Parental Negative Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Taylor ◽  
Ahmed Elhakeem ◽  
Johanna Lucia Thorbjørnsrud Nader ◽  
Tiffany C. Yang ◽  
Elena Isaevska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Pregnancy Smoking ◽  
Maternal Overweight ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Background Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomaly. The causes of CHDs are largely unknown. Higher prenatal body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption are associated with increased risk of CHDs. Whether these are causal is unclear. Methods and Results Seven European birth cohorts, including 232 390 offspring (2469 CHD cases [1.1%]), were included. We applied negative exposure paternal control analyses to explore the intrauterine effects of maternal BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, on offspring CHDs and CHD severity. We used logistic regression, adjusting for confounders and the other parent's exposure and combined estimates using a fixed‐effects meta‐analysis. In adjusted analyses, maternal overweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.01–1.31]) and obesity (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.93–1.36]), compared with normal weight, were associated with higher odds of CHD, but there was no clear evidence of a linear increase in odds across the whole BMI distribution. Associations of paternal overweight, obesity, and mean BMI were similar to the maternal associations. Maternal pregnancy smoking was associated with higher odds of CHD (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.97–1.25]) but paternal smoking was not (OR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.85–1.07]). The positive association with maternal smoking appeared to be driven by nonsevere CHD cases (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.04–1.44]). Associations with maternal moderate/heavy pregnancy alcohol consumption were imprecisely estimated (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.52–2.58]) and similar to those for paternal consumption. Conclusions We found evidence of an intrauterine effect for maternal smoking on offspring CHDs, but no evidence for higher maternal BMI or alcohol consumption. Our findings provide further support for the importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The effect of maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI and pregnancy smoking and alcohol on congenital heart diseases: a parental negative control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Taylor ◽  
Ahmed Elhakeem ◽  
Johanna Lucia Thorbjørnsrud Nader ◽  
Tiffany Yang ◽  
Elena Isaevska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pregnancy Smoking ◽  
Maternal Bmi

AbstractBackgroundCongenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomaly. The causes of CHDs are largely unknown. Higher prenatal body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with increased risk of CHDs. Whether these are causal is unclear.Methods and ResultsSeven European birth cohorts including 232,390 offspring (2,469 CHD cases [1.1%]) were included. We applied negative exposure paternal control analyses to explore the intrauterine effects of maternal BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, on offspring CHDs and CHD severity. We used logistic regression and combined estimates using a fixed-effects meta-analysis. Analyses of BMI categories resulted in similar increased odds of CHD in overweight (mothers OR: 1.15 (1.01, 1.31) and fathers 1.10 (0.96, 1.27)) and obesity (mothers OR: 1.12 (0.93, 1.36) and fathers 1.16 (0.90, 1.50)). The association of mean BMI with CHD was null. Maternal smoking was associated with increased odds of CHD (OR: 1.11 (0.97, 1.25)) but paternal smoking was not (OR: 0.96 (0.85, 1.07)). The difference increased when removing offspring with genetic/chromosomal defects (mothers OR: 1.15 (1.01, 1.32) and fathers 0.93 (0.83, 1.05)). The positive association with maternal pregnancy smoking appeared to be driven by non-severe CHD cases (OR: 1.22 (1.04, 1.44)). Associations with maternal (OR: 1.16 (0.52, 2.58)) and paternal (OR: 1.23 (0.74, 2.06)) moderate/heavy pregnancy alcohol consumption were similar.ConclusionsWe found evidence of an intrauterine effect for maternal smoking on offspring CHDs, but no evidence for higher maternal BMI or alcohol consumption. Our findings provide further support for why smoking cessation is important during pregnancy.

scholarly journals An update of treatment modalities in children and adolescents with teeth affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Somani ◽  
G. D. Taylor ◽  
E. Garot ◽  
P. Rouas ◽  
N. A. Lygidakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation ◽  
Fissure Sealants ◽  
Preformed Metal Crowns ◽  
Incisor Hypomineralisation

Abstract Purpose To systematically review the treatment modalities for molar-incisor hypomineralisation for children under the age of 18 years. The research question was, ‘What are the treatment options for teeth in children affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation?’ Methods An electronic search of the following electronic databases was completed MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Google Scholar and Open Grey identifying studies from 1980 to 2020. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The studies were screened, data extracted and calibration was completed by two independent reviewers. Results Of 6220 potential articles, 34 studies were included. Twenty studies investigated management of molars with fissure sealants, glass ionomer cement, polyacid modified resin composite, composite resin, amalgam, preformed metal crowns, laboratory-manufactured crowns and extractions. In four articles management of incisors with microabrasion, resin-infiltration and a combination of approaches was reported. Eight studies looked at strategies to mineralise MIH-affected teeth and/or reduce hypersensitivity. Two studies investigated patient-centred outcomes following treatment. Due to the heterogeneity between the studies, meta-analysis was not performed. Conclusion The use of resin-based fissure sealants, preformed metal crowns, direct composite resin restorations and laboratory-made restorations can be recommended for MIH-affected molars. There is insufficient evidence to support specific approaches for the management of affected incisors. Products containing CPP-ACP may be beneficial for MIH-affected teeth.

scholarly journals The control of pain due to dentin hypersensitivity in individuals with molar–incisor hypomineralisation: a protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e044653
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Taboada Sobral ◽  
Elaine Marcilio Santos ◽  
Ana Cecilia Aranha ◽  
Paulo Vinícius Soares ◽  
Caroline Moraes Moriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation ◽  
Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Sensitive Teeth ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Incisor Hypomineralisation

IntroductionDentin hypersensitivity (DH) is defined as high sensitivity of the vital dentin when exposed to thermal, chemical or tactile stimuli. Two mechanisms are required for the occurrence of DH: (1) the dentin must be exposed and (2) the dentinal tubules must be open and connected to the pulp. Molar–incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a qualitative abnormality of a genetic origin that affects tooth enamel and, in most cases, is accompanied by DH. The control of tooth sensitivity is fundamental to the successful treatment of MIH. The aim of the proposed randomised, controlled, clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of different protocols for the control of DH in patients with teeth affected by MIH.Methods and analysisOne hundred and forty patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be allocated to four groups. Group 1 will be the control group (placebo). In Group 2, sensitive teeth will be sealed with PermaSeal (Ultradent). In Group 3, sensitive teeth will receive low-level laser (LLL, AsGaAl) at a wavelength of 780 nm (Laser XT Therapy, DMC, São Carlos, Brazil). In Group 4, sensitive teeth will be treated with both LLL and PermaSeal (Ultradent). DH will be evaluated 15 min after the application of the treatments and the patients will be reevaluated 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the treatments. The primary outcome of this study is change in pain/sensitivity, when evaluated through a Visual Analogue Scale, to determine the effectiveness of the proposed treatments, as well as differences among the evaluation times for each proposed treatment.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been ethically approved by the local medical ethical committee (protocol number: 4.020.261). Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04407702.

scholarly journals Development of a health literacy scale for preconception care: a study of the reproductive age population in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Suto ◽  
Haruhiko Mitsunaga ◽  
Yuka Honda ◽  
Eri Maeda ◽  
Erika Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preconception Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Skills

Abstract Background Preconception care aims to improve both maternal and child health in the short as well as long term, along with providing health benefits to adolescents, women, and men, whether or not they plan to become parents. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for improving preconception health in population-based settings. To accumulate evidence in this field, this study focused on the concept of health literacy, and aimed to develop a self-report health literacy scale in Japanese, focusing on preconception care. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey. Participants were recruited from December 2019 to February 2020 from the registered members of a web-based research company. Participants were Japanese men and women aged 16–49 (n = 2000). A factor analysis was conducted to select both factors and items for health-related behavior and skills (33 initial items were generated), along with an item response theory analysis to examine how the 16 items were related to people’s knowledge of preconception care. Results We developed a 6-factor (including “appropriate medical examinations,” “appropriate diet,” “stress coping,” “healthy weight,” “safe living environment,” and “vaccinations”), 25-item behavior and skills scale, as well as a 13-item knowledge scale, to evaluate participants’ health literacy around preconception care. A shortened version, consisting of 17 items, was also prepared from the 25 items. The reliability coefficients of total scores and each factor of the behavior and skills scale were comparatively high, with weak-to-moderate correlation between behavior and skills and knowledge. Conclusions The new scale will, ideally, provide information on the current state of preconception care health literacy of the general population. In addition, this scale, which consists of both behavioral/skills and knowledge dimensions, should help support the effective implementation of risk assessment programs and interventions aimed at promoting behavioral changes using a population-based approach. Future studies using different question/administration formats for diverse populations, and considering respondents’ opinions on health literacy scales should be effective in improving this scale.

scholarly journals Vital bleaching for children with dental anomalies: EAPD members’ survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
J. Monteiro ◽  
P. F. Ashley ◽  
S. Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Private Practices ◽  
Incisor Hypomineralisation

Abstract Aim Understand EAPD members’ practices of vital bleaching for children with dental anomalies. Methods An anonymous online survey sent via EAPD in January 2019, consisting of 13 questions with possible multiple answers and free text. Results 110 responses from 24 countries were obtained. The majority worked in hospitals/universities (n = 69, 63%) or private practices (n = 50, 46%) and were specialists (n = 62, 57%) or senior academics (n = 35, 32%). Most respondents (n = 74 68%) did not provide vital bleaching for children. 88 respondents (80%) belonged to EU: of these, 46 (52%) were not aware of bleaching regulations. For respondents who provided bleaching 26 (72%) undertook home bleaching, using 10% carbamide peroxide (n = 21, 58%), most commonly for 2 weeks (n = 14, 39%), following establishment of the permanent dentition (n = 21, 58%). Deciding factors included: extent (n = 27, 75%) and shade (n = 26, 72%) of discolouration and child being teased by peers (n = 23, 64%). Main reasons for not bleaching included: concerns with side effects (n = 41; 55%) and not agreeing with bleaching (n = 23, 31%). Dentists who did not bleach managed a range of conditions, most frequently molar-incisor hypomineralisation (n = 57; 77%). The majority provided composite restorations with removal of tooth structure (n = 50; 68%) with a number opting for no treatment (n = 27, 37%). Conclusion This study shows wide variations in treatment of children’s dental anomalies across Europe. Fears of adverse effects and personal beliefs seemed to be the main deterrents to bleaching in children. Clinicians who provided bleaching tended to opt for more conservative techniques and to take children’s concerns into consideration.

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