scholarly journals Gender Imbalance in the Editorial Activities of a Researcher-led Journal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Seidel Malkinson ◽  
Devin B. Terhune ◽  
Mathew Kollamkulam ◽  
Maria J. Guerreiro ◽  
Dani S. Bassett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Editorial Process ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Women Editors ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Biomedical Researcher ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Editorial Decision ◽  
Editorial Decisions

Editorial decision-making is a fundamental element of the scientific enterprise. We examined whether contributions to editorial decisions at various stages of the publication process is subject to gender disparity, based on analytics collected by the biomedical researcher-led journal eLife. Despite efforts to increase women representation, the board of reviewing editors (BRE) was men-dominant (69%). Moreover, authors suggested more men from the BRE pool, even after correcting for men's numerical over-representation. Although women editors were proportionally involved in the initial editorial process, they were under-engaged in editorial activities involving reviewers and authors. Additionally, converging evidence showed gender homophily in manuscripts assignment, such that men Senior Editors over-engaged men Reviewing Editors. This tendency was stronger in more gender-balanced scientific disciplines. Together, our findings confirm that gender disparities exist along the editorial process and suggest that merely increasing the proportion of women might not be sufficient to eliminate this bias.

scholarly journals No time for that now! Qualitative changes in manuscript peer review during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge P J M Horbach
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Editorial Decision ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism ◽  
Reader Comments ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Review Model ◽  
Editorial Decisions

Abstract The global Covid-19 pandemic has had considerable impact on the scientific enterprise, including scholarly publication and peer review practices. Several studies have assessed these impacts, showing among others that medical journals have strongly accelerated their review processes for Covid-19 related content. This has raised questions and concerns regarding the quality of the review process and the standards to which manuscripts are held for publication. To address these questions, this study sets out to assess qualitative differences in review reports and editorial decision letters for Covid-19 related, articles not related to Covid-19 published during the 2020 pandemic, and articles published before the pandemic. It employs the open peer review model at the British Medical Journal and eLife to study the content of review reports, editorial decisions, author responses, and open reader comments. It finds no clear differences between review processes of articles not related to Covid-19 published during or before the pandemic. However, it does find notable diversity between Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 related articles, including fewer requests for additional experiments, more cooperative comments, and different suggestions to address too strong claims. In general, the findings suggest that both reviewers and journal editors implicitly and explicitly use different quality criteria to assess Covid-19 related manuscripts, hence transforming science’s main evaluation mechanism for their underlying studies and potentially affecting their public dissemination.

Three Dilemmas for Academics: Gender Disparities in Scholarship, Teaching, and Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly T. Schneider ◽  
Phanikiran Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Main Components

Research on gender differences in the allocation and evaluation of three main components of academic work (i.e., research, teaching, and service) is very informative, and we argue that it may point to potential sources of the disparity in academic industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists’ experiences. We also propose the addition of a few issues to the research agenda set forth by Gardner, Ryan, and Snoeyink (2018) with the belief that attention to these issues will help address the gender disparity.

scholarly journals Women neurosurgeons around the world: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. E12
Author(s):  
Tina Lulla ◽  
Rosemary T. Behmer Hansen ◽  
Cynthia A. Smith ◽  
Nicole A. Silva ◽  
Nitesh V. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
English Language ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
The World ◽  
Country Specific

OBJECTIVEGender disparities in neurosurgery have persisted even as the number of female medical students in many countries has risen. An understanding of the current gender distribution of neurosurgeons around the world and the possible factors contributing to country-specific gender disparities is an important step in improving gender equity in the field.METHODSThe authors performed a systematic review of studies pertaining to women in neurosurgery. Papers listed in PubMed in the English language were collected. A modified grounded theory approach was utilized to systematically identify and code factors noted to contribute to gender disparities in neurosurgery. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows.RESULTSThe authors identified 39 studies describing the density of women neurosurgeons in particular regions, 18 of which documented the proportion of practicing female neurosurgeons in a single or in multiple countries. The majority of these studies were published within the last 5 years. Eight factors contributing to gender disparity were identified, including conference representation, the proverbial glass ceiling, lifestyle, mentoring, discrimination, interest, salary, and physical burden.CONCLUSIONSThe topic of women in neurosurgery has received considerable global scholarly attention. The worldwide proportion of female neurosurgeons varies by region and country. Mentorship was the most frequently cited factor contributing to noted gender differences, with lifestyle, the glass ceiling, and discrimination also frequently mentioned. Future studies are necessary to assess the influence of country-specific sociopolitical factors that push and pull individuals of all backgrounds to enter this field.

Will We Ever Close the Gender Gap Among Top Mathematics Achievers? Analysis of Recent Trends by Race in Advanced Placement (AP) Exams

2021 ◽  
pp. 016235322110445
Author(s):  
A. Kadir Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Placement ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Ap Calculus ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
And Mathematics

Analyzing the test scores of more than 10,000,000 students who participated in the Advanced Placement (AP) math exams from 1997 to 2019, this study examined the direction and magnitude of the trend in gender disparity by race in participation in and top achievement on AP Calculus AB, Calculus BC, and Statistics exams. The results of this study indicated that, in general, females’ representation in all three AP exams increased significantly. Although the findings indicated that the female-to-male ratios (FMRs) in participation in the AP math exams increased significantly from 1997 to 2019 and favored females for all races, the gender disparities among top achievers for all math exams are still substantial. The relationships between the FMRs in participation and top achievement for all AP math exams were also analyzed within races, and the possible impacts of these findings within the context of the underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields were also discussed.

scholarly journals Gender Gaps in Achievement and Participation in Multiple Introductory Biology Classrooms

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Eddy ◽  
Sara E. Brownell ◽  
Mary Pat Wenderoth
Keyword(s):  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Grade Point Averages ◽  
Introductory Biology ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Mathematics

Although gender gaps have been a major concern in male-dominated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines such as physics and engineering, the numerical dominance of female students in biology has supported the assumption that gender disparities do not exist at the undergraduate level in life sciences. Using data from 23 large introductory biology classes for majors, we examine two measures of gender disparity in biology: academic achievement and participation in whole-class discussions. We found that females consistently underperform on exams compared with males with similar overall college grade point averages. In addition, although females on average represent 60% of the students in these courses, their voices make up less than 40% of those heard responding to instructor-posed questions to the class, one of the most common ways of engaging students in large lectures. Based on these data, we propose that, despite numerical dominance of females, gender disparities remain an issue in introductory biology classrooms. For student retention and achievement in biology to be truly merit based, we need to develop strategies to equalize the opportunities for students of different genders to practice the skills they need to excel.

scholarly journals The Role of Feminist Standpoint and Intersectionality Epistemologies in Providing Insights into the Causes of Gender Disparity in Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Enyonam Brigitte Norgbey
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Feminist Standpoint ◽  
Sub Saharan

Higher education plays a critical role in society’s development, particularly in the current era of globalization in which knowledge-based innovations are critical for development. However, women’s underrepresentation in higher education remains a persistent issue of concern, particularly, in sub-Saharan Africa. The gender gap in higher education is created by complex interconnected sets of deep-rooted factors. A clear understanding of the underlying causes of gender inequality in higher education is necessary to develop effective interventions to overcome this disparity. Feminist standpoint and feminist intersectionality epistemologies have been used to provide insights into gender disparities in higher education. Drawing on existing published literature, I will discuss the conceptual and theoretical frameworks of these two feminist epistemologies and explore the methodological implications of these epistemologies for critically examining gender disparities in higher education in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. Keywords: epistemology, feminism, gender, higher education, intersectionality

scholarly journals Gender Disparities in Surgical Treatment of Axis Fractures in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Michael P. Catalino ◽  
Brice A. Kessler ◽  
Virginia Pate ◽  
Drew Cutshaw ◽  
Til Stürmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Secondary Outcome

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Gender appears to play in important role in surgical outcomes following acute cervical spine trauma, with current literature suggesting males have a significantly higher mortality following spine surgery. However, no well-adjusted population-based studies of gender disparities in incidence and outcomes of spine surgery following acute traumatic axis injuries exist to our knowledge. We hypothesized that females would receive surgery less often than males, but males would have a higher 1-year mortality following isolated traumatic axis fractures. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using Medicare claims data that identified US citizens aged 65 and older with ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) code diagnosis corresponding to isolated acute traumatic axis fracture between 2007 and 2014. Our primary outcome was defined as cumulative incidence of surgical treatment, and our secondary outcome was 1-year mortality. Propensity weighted analysis was performed to balance covariates between genders. Our institutional review board approved the study (IRB #16-0533). Results: There was no difference in incidence of surgery between males and females following acute isolated traumatic axis fractures (7.4 and 7.5 per 100 fractures, respectively). Males had significantly higher 1-year weighted mortality overall (41.7 and 28.9 per 100 fractures, respectively, P < .001). Conclusion: Our well-adjusted data suggest there was no significant gender disparity in incidence of surgical treatment over the study period. The data also support previous observations that males have worse outcomes in comparison to females in the setting of axis fractures and spinal trauma regardless of surgical intervention.

Managing the Review Process in Accounting Research: Advice from Authors and Editors

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek W. Dalton ◽  
Nancy L. Harp ◽  
Derek K. Oler ◽  
Sally K. Widener
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accounting Faculty ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Editorial Decision ◽  
Editorial Decisions ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to provide advice to accounting doctoral students and new accounting Ph.D.s on managing the review process. We also hope that our advice and suggestions will assist more experienced accounting faculty in their research endeavors. We offer suggestions from the point of view of researchers at various stages in their career. We also interview a variety of current and former journal editors and provide their suggestions and insights. We first provide suggestions to help position the article so as to receive a more helpful review. We then discuss strategies for responding to the editorial process and provide specific advice for handling various editorial decisions including a rejection, a reject-and-resubmit, a revise-and-resubmit, and an acceptance. We build upon prior research by providing a summary of advice for each type of editorial decision and by providing advice and suggestions from editors and associate editors at a wide range of accounting journals.

scholarly journals Gender disparities in advanced endoscopy fellowship

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. E338-E342
Author(s):  
Jessica X. Yu ◽  
Tyler M. Berzin ◽  
Brintha Enestvedt ◽  
Michelle A. Anderson ◽  
Violeta B. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Program Characteristics ◽  
American Society

Abstract Background and study aims Women remain underrepresented in gastroenterology, especially advanced endoscopy. Women represent 30 % of general gastroenterology fellows; yet in 2019, only 12.8 % of fellows who matched into advanced endoscopy fellowship (AEF) programs were women. Methods We administered a web-based survey to the program directors (PDs) of AEF programs that participated in the 2018–2019 American Society for Gastroenterology (ASGE) match. We assessed PD and program characteristics, in addition to perceived barriers and facilitators (scale 1–5, 5 = most important) influencing women pursuing AEF training. Results We received 38 (59.3 %) responses from 64 PDs. 15.8 % (6/38) of AEF PDs and 13.2 % (5/38) of endoscopy chiefs were women. By program, women represented 14.8 % (mean) ± 17.0 % (SD) of AEF faculty and 12.0 % (mean) ± 11.1 % (SD) of AEF trainees over the past 10 years. 47.4 % (18/38) programs reported no female advanced endoscopy faculty and 31.6 % (12/38) of programs have never had a female fellow. Percentage of female fellows was strongly associated with percentage of female AEF faculty (ß = 0.43, P < 0.001). Inflexible hours and call (mean rank 3.3 ± 1.1), exposure to fluoroscopy (2.9 ± 1.1), lack of women endoscopists at national conferences/courses (2.9 ± 1.1) and lack of female mentorship (2.9 ± 1.0) were cited as the most important barriers to recruitment. Conclusion We utilized a survey of AEF PDs participating in the ASGE match to determine program characteristics and identify contributors to gender disparity. Women represent a minority of AEF PDs, endoscopy chiefs, advanced endoscopy faculty and AEF trainees. Our study highlights perceived barriers and facilitators to recruitment, and emphasizes the importance of having female representation in faculty, and leadership positions in endoscopy.

scholarly journals Analysis of the journal Bibliotecas: Anales de Investigación

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Luis González-Valiente ◽  
Sonia Núñez Amaro ◽  
Javier Ramón Santovenia Díaz ◽  
Manuel Paulino Linares Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Process Quality ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Editorial Process ◽  
Academic Impact ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Academic Networks ◽  
Editorial Decision ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this article is to describe the academic impact, the editorial process quality, and the editorial and visibility strategies of Bibliotecas. Anales de Investigación (BAI), a scientific Cuban journal edited by National Library of Cuba ―José Martí‖. The academic impact is determined through a citation analysis, which considers Google Scholar database as reference source. The bibliometric indicators applied are: citation per year, citation vs. self-citation, citable journals vs. non-citable documents, Hirsch Index, and impact factor. The editorial process quality and the visibility strategies are determined through a self-evaluation which takes into account the SciELO, Scopus, CLASE, Redalyc, Latindex, Dialnet, and ERIH PLUS methodologies. The results reveal an ascending citation line that highlights citing journals from the field of Library and Information Science, Medicine and Health Sciences, and Education. Aspects related content and format have negatively influenced on editorial process quality. Some strategies are proposed to improve scientific visibility through the inclusion in databases, directories, and social and academic networks. In general, this study contributes to the editorial decision taking, an issue that could augment the impact and scientific visibility of BAI.

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